


9 * 


















r*^ ^^ ^^ '^^ii^^^ ^ c^ 












•° -^*' 









^^ 






« • » 






o w o ' 




















7^A 

of the Bays Harbours Poll Roads andSettJements in 

[Passajviaquoddy&Machias^ 

GHAT^D MAKA"N 

.^rnpiled .from. {7rMt,at Surucu. du 
' R . Joshes Suri/eifor 



The above is a reproduction of the title of a map published in 1810 by Benjamin R. 
Jones, a well-known land surveyor of the period, the Passamaquoddy section of which is 
also reproduced on the next page. At that time, Eastport and Calais were the only 
incorporated towns in the eastern part of Washington County, though Robbinston and 
Dennysville were called by the names they afterward received. Lubec was still a part of 
Eastport and generally known as " the main," and the section of Dennysville incorpo- 
rated twenty-two years later as Pembroke was then Pennamaquan. Whiting was called 
Orangetown, and Perry, Trescott, and Edmunds were known by their plantation num- 
bers, One, Nine, and Ten. In 1824, the plate was revised and a new edition published. 

Benjamin Richards Jon°s was a direct descendant in the sixth generation from John 
Alden and his wife Priscilla, famous in the history and legendary poetry of Massachu- 
setts. He was son of Samuel Jones, of Milton, Mass., and his wife Mary, daughter of 
Abia;ail (Thayer) Richards, who was daughter of Sarah (Bass) Thayer, who was daughter 
of Ruth (Alden) Bass, who was daughter of John and Priscilla. Our former townsmen, 
Aaron Hayden and Joseph M. Livermore, senators for Washington County, and 
Thomas G. Jones, town representative, were of the same stock ; and Edward E. Shead 
and Jesse G. Shead, the publishers of this volume, are also descendants of the fair 
Puritan and John, whom she persuaded to speak for himself. Mr. Jones came with his 
father's family among the early settlers of Robbinston, lived awhile at Eastport, where 
he served as town clerk in 1803 and 1804, and then settled at Dennys River, where, as 
land surveyor, teacher, and magistrate, as well as in the preparation of this early map, 
he made good the expectation of a distinguished woman who knew him in childhood. 
A portion of his boyhood was spent in the Cranch family at Quincy. Mrs. Richard 
Cranch was a sister of Mrs. John Adams, wife of the second President of the United 
States; and, in a letter to a friend about the time of the appearance of the map, Mrs. 
Adams wrote : " I understand that Benjamin Jones has published a map of Passama- 
quoddy. I always felt sure that boy would do something creditable to himself." 



EASTPORT 



AND 



PASSAMAQUODDY 

A COLLECTION OF 
HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 



/ 



COMPILED BY 

WILLIAM HENRY KILBY 

WITH NOTES AND ADDITIONS 




EASTPORT, MAINE 
EDWARD E. SHEAD & COMPANY 

iSSS 



Copyright, 1888, 
By William Henry Kilby 



Press of Geo. H. Ellis, 141 Franklin Street, Boston. 



'l-^\ 



' 



PREFACE. 



The town of Eastport, situated on a frontier island, its 
fortunes involved in the boundary disputes, restrictive meas- 
ures, and wars of two rival nations, has had a peculiar and 
eventful history. This has never been fully written out ; but 
several articles prepared by competent writers, covering por- 
tions of the narrative, have from time to time appeared in 
print. This historical material, some of which is of great 
value, is not anywhere accessible to the general reader. 
Mr. Weston's lyceum lecture was published in pamphlet 
form soon after delivery in 1834; but it is practically out of 
print, the few copies known to be in existence being depos- 
ited in libraries or held by collectors at extravagant prices. 
An edition of one thousand copies nearly ready for issue 
was destroyed at the burning of the Senti?iel establishment 
in 1886. Of Mr. Sabine's papers, that on "Moose Island 
Four Years under Martial Law " was originally published in 
the New York Historical Magazifie iox April and May, 1870; 
and this as well as other articles from his pen have appeared 
in the columns of the Eastport Sentinel. It has seemed to 
the compiler that these papers ought to be collected and pub- 
lished in permanent form, and that, with suitable additions, 
a volume might be made, which, if not exactly a history of the 
town, would be a very good substitute for one. This mode 
of writing history has been adopted in other instances. The 
"Memorial History of Boston," instead of being the consecu- 
tive narration of a single author, is made up of separate chap- 



8 PREFACE 

ters by a number of writers, each a specialist in his own field. 
The plan has its disadvantages, and both omissions and 
repetitions will be found ; but no other writer could expect 
to relate as well the story of the times of the Embargo and 
British rule as Mr. Sabine has done, or give fuller report of 
our townsmen's service in putting down the great rebellion 
than that of Mr. Eldridge. 

The early history of the town is so intimately connected 
with that of the entire section that the scope of the volume 
has been made to cover the whole Passamaquoddy region. 
An explanation may be needed to show why the names 
" Passamaquoddy," " Moose Island," and " Eastport " have 
all been used for the same locality. At first, the place was 
known as Passamaquoddy, or " Quoddy." The collection 
district of Passamaquoddy was established by act of Con- 
gress in 1 79 1, and still retains the name. The first post- 
office in the region was that of Passamaquoddy, kept at the 
Narrows in 1794 ; and, when the county of Washington was 
organized in 1790, John Cooper, of Passamaquoddy, was 
appointed sheriff. In the " United States Gazetteer," pub- 
lished at Philadelphia in 1795, the place is thus described : 

" Passamaquoddy. — A post town in the district of Maine 
situated in Washington County, on a bay of its own name at 
the mouth of St. Croix River. It is three hundred and 
seventy-eight miles from Boston and seven hundred and 
twenty-six from Philadelphia." 

Eastport was incorporated in 1798; but, as its limits in- 
cluded the present town of Lubec, it was still necessary to 
use the name Moose Island, to distinguish the one from the 
other. And, for another reason, the name lingered after 
the separation of Lubec. It will be remembered that, until 
the final decision of the commission appointed under the 
Treaty of Ghent, the British authorities kept up the claim 
that Moose Island was part of their terrritory. To them. 



PREFACE 9 

the incorporation of the town of Eastport by the Massachu- 
setts legislature in 1798 was without effect; and, to people 
generally on that side of the line, the place was still Moose 
Island. In the complimentary correspondence between the 
townspeople and the British commander at the time of the 
departure of their troops in June, 18 18, it will be noticed 
that, while the former date their letter from Eastport, the 
latter replies from Moose Island. 

In carrying out his plans, the compiler has been indebted 
to the co-operation of a good many people, only a few of 
whom can be mentioned here : to Mrs. Lorenzo Sabine, not 
only for permission to insert the published articles of her 
late husband, but for placing at his command the valuable 
material collected and arranged when Mr. Sabine himself 
proposed to write a history of the town ; and to Miss Lucy 
M. B. Abbot, her brother and sister of Groton, Mass., for 
the privilege of publishing their father's interesting mission- 
ary journals, and for much time and labor spent by Miss 
Abbot in copying portions of his private correspondence. In 
1872, Mr. Charles T. Eldridge, one of our young soldiers, 
presented to the town a large volume, into which he had 
written a record of the services of the men of Eastport in the 
War of the Rebellion, which, with much labor and research, 
he had collected from the reports of the adjutants-general of 
Maine and other States, from printed reports of the War and 
Navy Department, and by an extensive private correspond- 
ence ; and, at the request of the projectors of this volume, 
he has made a nearly full copy of that work in the chapter 
which appears here. Captain Samuel Shackford, of Chi- 
cago, has furnished an interesting chapter; and Messrs. D. 
Lothrop (Ijc Co., Mrs. Mason^s publishers, have allowed the 
use of the engraving which is the frontispiece of her book of 
poems, from which collection liberal extracts have been 
made. 



lO PREFACE 

Special acknowledgments are also due to Peter E. Vose, 
Esq., and Rev. Charles Whittier, of Dennysville, to Mrs. 
D. T. Granger, to Mr. C. B. Tillinghast, of the Massachu- 
setts State Library, and others who have aided by furnishing 
information or materials for the work. The appearance of 
Mr. Shead's name on the title-page as publisher affords no 
adequate idea of his share in the labor of carrying the book 
to completion ; and, but for his efficient aid in the collec- 
tion of material, as well as for his successful arrangements in 
insuring the disposal of the finished volume, the compiler 
would have hesitated about undertaking the enterprise. The 
facilities afforded in the fine printing and publishing estab- 
lishment of Mr. George H. Ellis, of Boston, for the printing 
of the work, are deserving of special notice. 

The prompt response which came from townspeople, absent 

sons and daughters, and others interested in the history of 

Eastport and the Passamaquoddy section, in reply to the 

preliminary circular, — whose names appear in the printed 

list at the close of the volume, — showed a real demand for 

an historical work of this character ; and it is hoped that 

reasonable expectations will not be disappointed in what is 

here oft'ered as the best which the compiler has been able 

to prepare in the midst of his somewhat exacting business 

engagements. 

w, H. K. 

Oct. I, 1888. 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



The illustrations, with the exceptions noted in the list, are reproduc- 
tions by the Boston Photogravure Company, from pen-and-ink drawings 
by the compiler's son, Mr. Quincy Kilby, of Boston, principally from 
photographs, — those in Eastport, with a single exception, from the estab- 
lishment of Messrs. Davis Loring & Son, and several in Dennysville and 
Edmunds by Dr. John P. Sheahan. 

Page 
Jones's Map of Passamaquoddy. Reproduction from the orig- 
inal. Frontispiece. 
Martin House, on Kilby Street. Built 1836. Drawn by W. A. 

Shea, 81 

Southack's Map of Passamaquoddy. Drawn and engraved 

by W. A. Shea 89 

Buildings at St. Croix. Drawn and engraved by W. A. Shea, 123 
Map, District of Maine, 1795. Reproduction from Woods's 

United States Gazetteer, 134 

Map of Rival Boundary Claims. Printed by Forbes Litho- 
graph Manufacturing Company 135 

Moose Island Pass. Reproduction from original, 195 

A PiNKEY, 219 

West Quoddy Light. Sketch by A. H. Bibber. R. A. Supply Co., 232 

Masonic Hall, 1801, 233 

Kilby House, 24S 

"Sentinel" Office. Drawn by W. A. Shea, 259 

Bell Tavern, 260 

Frontier Bank, 1S36. Drawn by W. A. Shea, 271 

Hayden House, 276 

Steamer off Friar's Head. R. A. Supply Co., 279 

Custom House, 280 

Mabee's Hotel, 283 

Savings Bank, 286 



12 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 

Page 

Passamaquoddy Hotel, 288 

Frontier National Bank, 290 

Masonic Hall, 295 

The Quoddy, 299 

House near Head of Boynton Street, 301 

BoYNTON School, 303 

Old South School, etc. Drawn by George B. Dyer, .... 307 

Brooks School, 311 

Moose Island Meeting-house, 314 

First Congregational Meeting-house, 317 

Brewer House, Robbinston. Sketch by F. A. Buck, .... 322 

Lincoln House, Dennysville, 325 

Dennys River School-house, 326 

Weston House, 330 

HoBART House, Edmunds. Drawing. R. L. M., 333 

KiLBY House and Dennys River Post-office, 335 

Church and School-house at Dennysville, 336 

Eastport Truck, 341 

Washington Street Baptist Church. Photograph by C. W. 

Lowell, 343 

North Christian Church, 345 

First Congregational (Unitarian) Church, 347 

Unitarian Parsonage, 348 

Central Congregational Church, 350 

St. Joseph's Church, 352 

Blakey Memorial Church, 353 

Christ Church, 355 

Memorial Hall, 430 

Battery and Block-house, Fort Sullivan, 440 

Commandant's Quarters, Fort Sullivan, 441 

Trescott Hall 442 

Shackford's Cove and Windmill. From paintmg by Mrs. 

Bradish. R. A. Supply Co., 448 

Spring Farm, 453 

Cony House, Broad Cove. D. Lothrop & Co., 459 

Friar's Head, Campobello, 461 

Store on Water Street, 489 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



Page 

CHAPTER I. 

The History of Eastport and Vicinity, j A Lecture 
delivered before the Eastport Lyceum in April, 1834. By 
Jonathan D. Weston, 17 

CHAPTER II. 
The Story of the Boundary Line. By W. H. Kilby, . 82 

CHAPTER III. p 

Early Settlers of Eastport. By Lorenzo Sabine, . . 136 

CHAPTER IV. 

Moose Island. Outline of Affairs during the Restrictive 
Measures of the United States which preceded the War 
of 1812, and to the Capture of the Island, July 11, 1814, 
By Lorenzo Sabine, . 142 

CHAPTER V. 

Moose Island and its Dependencies. F'our Years under 

Martial Law. By Lorenzo Sabine, 175 

CHAPTER VI. 

The Political History of Eastport. With Sketches of 
the Citizens who have represented the Town in the 
General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 
and the Legislature of the State of Maine. By W. H, 
Kilby, 220 



14 CONTENTS 

Page 

CHAPTER VII. 

Early Eastport Schools. Being Part of the Address 
delivered at the Dedication of the Boynton School-house, 
May 28, 1847. By Daniel T. Granger, 302 

CHAPTER VIII. 

Early Ecclesiastical History of Eastport. By Lo- 
renzo Sabine, 313 

CHAPTER IX. 

A Frontier Missionary. With Extracts from the Journals 
and Correspondence of Rev. Ephraim Abboty' Congrega- 
tional Missionary to the Passamaquoddy Townships in 
1811 and 1812, 319 

CHAPTER X. 

Eastport Churches/ — 



Washington Street Baptist Church, 342 

North Christian Church, 344 

First Congregational (Unitarian) Church, 346 

Central Congregational Church, 349 

Roman Catholic Church, 351 

Methodist Episcopal Church, 352 

Protestant Episcopal Church, 354 

CHAPTER XI. 

Eastport in the War of the Rebellion. By Charles T. 

Eldridge, , 356 

CHAPTER XII. 

Colonel John Allan, 434 

CHAPTER XIII. 

Major Lemuel Trescott, 440 



CONTENTS 15 

Page 

CHAPTER XIV. 

Captain John Shackford and Family. By Samuel 

Shackford, 444 

CHAPTER XV. 
Mrs. Clara Arthur Mason, 452 

CHAPTER XVI. 
Eastport Light Infantry, 464 

CHAPTER XVII. 
A Border Raid, 476 

CHAPTER XVIII. 
The Passamaquoddy Tribe of Indians,- 483 

APPENDIX. 

A. Original Grantees of Moose Island, 490 

B. British Official Report of the Capture of Eastport, . . 491 

C. The Bucknam House, 493 

D. Census of the Passamaquoddy Townships in 1790, . . 495 

E. Roll of Captain Oliver Shead's Company of Eastport 

Militia in 1801, 497 

F. List of Collectors of District of Passamaquoddy and 

Postmasters of Town of Eastport, 498 

G. Original Members of the Eastport Female Benevolent 

Society, 499 

Minor Notes and Corrections, 501 

List of Subscribers, 502 



EASTPORT AND PASSAMAOUODDY. 



CHAPTER I. 
THE HISTORY OF EASTPORT AND VICINITY* 

BY JONATHAN D. WESTON, ESQ., COUNSELLOR AT LAW.f 

With the view of rescuing from oblivion some of the facts 
and circumstances relative to and connected with the early- 
history of this town and vicinity, together with the hope of 
gratifying a laudable curiosity on the subject in those who 
have been but little acquainted with its history, I have been 
induced to collect such as have come within my own observa- 
tion, as well as those I could learn from others. Such is the 
nature of the subject that very little aid can be derived from 
books and written evidence, and resources are very scanty. 
Unless, indeed, they are soon collected in a more permanent 
and tangible form, our early history and the events connected 
with it will soon be lost or known only by tradition. I have 
made careful inquiries, and have had recourse to all the docu- 
mentary evidence within my reach. Still, I am by no means 
certain of fixing your attention or interesting you in the de- 
tails I am about to give ; for they are little susceptible of 
polish. The dry details of dates and references, of facts and 
statistics, are, necessarily, less attractive than a well-written 
essay, abounding with illustration, or than biography, history, 

* A lecture delivered April, 1834, before the Eastport Lyceum. 

t Mr. Weston represented Eastport in the General Court of Massachusetts in 1813, 
and a sketch of his life will be found in the chapters of the Political History of East- 
port. His historical lecture was published in pamphlet form by Marsh, Capen & Lyon, 
Boston, 1834. 



1 8 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

poetry, or treatises on the sciences, where harmony of period, 
melody of style, and the graces and beauties of composition 
add to the pleasure derived from the subject itself which is 
treated. 

Connected with this subject, it may not be irrelevant to 
advert to the history of this section of the country and that 
of its boundaries, previous to its actual settlement ; and this 
I propose to do, as concisely as practicable, consistently with 
a full and distinct understanding of the subject. 

At the close of the sixteenth century, the northern coast 
of the American continent had become generally known to 
the nations of Europe, several parts having been frequently 
visited for the purposes of discovery, fishing, and traffic. But 
all knowledge of the interior country, its geography and re- 
sources, was extremely limited ; and all acquaintance with 
its shores, rivers, bays, and inlets, was quite imperfect. 

In the several voyages to this continent, we find no account 
of any one who visited the waters or shores of Maine earlier 
than 1602, when Bartholomew Gosnold, an English navigator, 
is supposed to have fallen in with some part of the coast of 
Maine. But in the following year Martin Bring in the 
" Speedwell," a vessel of fifty tons, with a crew of thirty men 
and boys, accompanied by another vessel, the " Discoverer," 
of twenty-six tons, with thirteen men and a boy, sailed from 
Milford Haven, and on the 7th of June fell in with the 
coast, in the waters since called Penobscot Bay, but by the 
French called " Pentagoet." Thence he sailed along the 
coast to Piscataqua ; thence farther southward, and for home 
in August. Bring also made a second voyage in 1606. The 
subsequent voyages of others added still more to the stock 
of knowledge of the country, and to the thirst of gain ex- 
pected to be derived from it. 

The French as well as the English were repeating their 
visits to this northern country every year, and making it at 



WESTON S HISTORY 



19 



home a favorite topic of conversation and inquiry. Purchas, 
an early writer, states that one Savelet, an old mariner, had, 
before 1609, made no less than forty-two voyages to these 
parts. Both nations were highly elated with ideas of exten- 
sive foreign dominions, and the prospect of an abundant 
commerce ; but the means and measures best fitted for their 
attainment were unknown, as well to the sage as to the spec- 
ulator. It was a great misfortune to those nations, and no 
less to this country, that they both coveted the same terri- 
tories, using all practicable means to establish in themselves 
severally the most plausible title to their claims. Twenty 
years before, Humphrey Gilbert had taken formal posses- 
sion of Newfoundland and the region two hundred leagues 
about it, in behalf of Queen Elizabeth ; and the Marquis de 
la Roche was commissioned by the King of France to con- 
quer and colonize all the regions bordering on the St. Law- 
rence, unlimited in extent. The people of both nations 
were resolved in their purposes ; and with such objects in 
view, and with the rival feelings of each taward the other, 
it might easily be foreseen that these counter-possessory 
claims would produce the severest excitements, if not actual 
war. 

By a royal patent of Nov. 8, 1603, King Henry IV. of 
France granted to Pierre de Gast, Sieur de Monts, all the 
American territory between the fortieth and forty-sixth de- 
grees of north latitude, and appointed him Lieutenant-Gen- 
eral of this extensive region, with authority to colonize and 
rule it according to his discretion, and to subdue and Chris- 
tianize its native inhabitants. The name given in the patent 
was " Acadia " or " Acadie." This charter, or patent, having 
no other boundaries or confines than the degrees of latitude 
mentioned, was found to embrace the American coast be- 
tween the island of Cape Breton and the shores below the 
mouth of Manhattan, now the Hudson or North River. De 



20 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Monts, during the winter, procured and equipped two ves- 
sels, and sailed for America March 7, 1604, and arrived the 
6th of May following at Cape de la Heve, near Liverpool, 
on the southerly side of the peninsula of Nova Scotia. He 
was accompanied by his friends, M. de Potrincourt and 
Samuel Champlain, who was his pilot. Leaving La Heve, 
they sailed northerly round Cape Sable and eastwardly 
along the northern shore of Nova Scotia, entered a spacious 
basin, and anchored in a good harbor. Potrincourt was 
charmed with the beauty of the place, and determined to 
make it his future residence. He obtained a grant of it 
from De Monts, which was afterward confirmed by the 
king, and gave it the name of Port Royal, now Annapolis ; 
and here his party dwelt for several years. 

In exploring the Bay of Fundy, De Monts visited the 
river St. John, and gave it the name it has ever since borne. 
Thence he proceeded into the waters of Passamaquoddy, as- 
cended the Schoodic to a small island which Champlain 
selected for a resting-place and a fortification, and here they 
passed the winter. As Passamaquoddy Bay and the river 
Schoodic now form a part of the eastern boundary of this 
State, a more particular account of its first discovery and 
situation may not be uninteresting. But as I propose again 
to recur to this part of the subject, at a subsequent period of 
this address, I prefer to continue the regular chain of the 
narrative uninterruptedly. 

De Monts and his men called the bay " a sea of salt 
water " ; but, in ascending the river, they found it an incon- 
siderable one, admitting vessels, even on the tide, to no great 
distance. The island itself, containing but a few acres, they 
called St. Croix, because two leagues higher there were 
brooks, which came " crosswise, to fall within this large 
branch of the sea," — a circumstance which has given to the 
Schoodic the same name. The island is situated just oppo- 



WESTON S HISTORY 21 

site the north-east corner of Robbinston, just below the 
Devil's Head. Its soil is fertile, and is usually the residence 
of one family. It is often called Neutral Island, and was 
the property of the late General Brewer. 

L'Escarbot, who was himself with De Monts in this voy- 
age, and afterward published a history of it, says of the 
island : " It was half a league in circuit, seated in the midst 
of the river ; the ground most excellent and abundantly 
fruitful ; strong by nature and easy of defence, but difficult 
to be found. For," says he, " there are so many isles and 
great bays to pass (from the St. John), before we came to it, 
I wonder how one ever pierced so far to find it. The woods 
on the main land are fair and admirably well grown, as in 
like manner is the grass. There is right over against the 
island fresh water brooks, very pleasant and agreeable, 
where divers of M. de Monts's men transacted their business 
and builded certain cabins." 

The season being far advanced, De Monts concluded to 
pass the winter upon the island. Apprehending danger from 
the savages, he erected a fortification on the north part of it, 
which entirely commanded the river. The fort was shel- 
tered by trees, which he directed not to be felled ; and 
within its walls he planted his cannon, and constructed a 
chapel after the Indian manner of building. " Hoary snow- 
father being come [as L'Escarbot expresses himself], they 
were forced to keep much within the doors of their dwell- 
ings during the winter. But as there was not plenty of 
wood, which had been too prodigally used in building, and a 
want of fresh water, which was found on the banks of the 
river strongly enclosed under locks of ice, they were under 
the necessity of procuring both from the shores every day.'* 
Some of the savages were occasionally bespoken; and, 
through fear of surprise or assault from those who had a 
lodgement at the foot of the island and appeared to be 
jealous, De Monts kept a constant watch night and day. 



22 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

The winter was severe, and the sufferings of the people 
from the scurvy very grievous. Not one wholly escaped it^ 
and thirty-six out of seventy (Ogilly says ninety-seven) act- 
ually died before spring. At the usual seed-time, they pre- 
pared a piece of ground and sowed it with rye ; and, being 
absent in the first season of reaping, they gathered in the 
second year a growth of it, in the narrator's words, " as fair, 
big, and weighty as in France." This, being a mere tem- 
porary residence, could never have assumed any consider- 
able importance, had it not been the first pretension of a 
settlement in Acadie. L'Escarbot adds, " The people that 
be from St. John's River to Kennebeki, wherein are the 
rivers St. Croix and Norombegua, are called Etechemins." 

When the survivors of the party had sufficiently recovered 
their strength, De Monts put his provisions and arms on 
board his pinnace ; and about the middle of May, 1605, he 
and his men embarked in search of a more convenient sta- 
tion and a warmer climate. In ranging along the coast 
westwardly, they entered the Bay of Penobscot, which, with 
the neighboring country, some European adventurers had 
previously understood by the natives was called Norombe- 
gua. At Kennebec they erected a cross, and took posses- 
sion in the name of their king, and, after visiting Casco Bay 
and Saco River, proceeded to Cape Cod. But, unsatisfied 
with the country as a place of settlement, they returned to 
St. Croix, and soon proceeded to Port Royal. Here he met 
M. Dupont, with an accession of forty men, with fresh sup- 
plies in a ship from France ; and, removing the remainder of 
his property from the island St. Croix across the bay, he 
lodged it with his other stores at the mouth of the river 
emptying into the basin of Port Royal. At this place he 
constructed a fort, and, having made due disposition of his 
affairs, sailed for France, leaving Dupont, Champlain, and 
Chauvin to explore the country and complete the settlement. 



WESTON S HISTORY 23 

The expedition of De Monts drew the attention of the 
English to this side of the Atlantic. To avoid the jealousy 
of the French, and at the same time to secure the advan- 
tages of prior possession and continual claim, George Wey- 
mouth was despatched on a pretended voyage of discovery 
of a north-west passage. He sailed March 31, 1605, and 
made the land near Cape Cod, and thence coasted east- 
wardly as far as Penobscot. He stopped at a place called 
by him " Pentecost Harbor," now George's Island Harbor, 
at the mouth of George's River. " Here," says the journal- 
ist, "on the twenty second of May, we digged a garden, 
sowed pease and barley and garden seeds, which in sixteen 
days grew up eight inches, although this was but the crust 
of the ground and much inferior to the mould we afterwards 
found on the main." Weymouth, by treachery and force, 
seized and carried away a sagamore, and three other Indians 
of rank and influence, and otherwise ill-treated the natives. 
A forfeiture of trade and hospitality, hatred of the English 
name, revenge, and cruelties were the consequences of these 
and much baser improprieties, and more than counterbal- 
anced the fruits of the voyage and possession taken of the 
country. Such conduct was in the highest degree impolitic 
and unjust, though it seemed not to be much regarded or 
reprobated at home. 

On the loth of April, 1606, about two years and a half 
after the grant to De Monts, a charter was obtained from 
King James I. of England of the vast extent of territory lying 
between the thirty-fourth and forty-sixth degrees of north 
latitude, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, includ- 
ing all the islands within one hundred miles of the coast. 
This immense tract was divided into two colonies. The first, 
granted to a London company, extended north to the forty- 
first degree of latitude, and was called South Virginia. The 
remainder, granted to a company of adventurers in the to.vn 



2 4 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

of Plymouth, was called North Virginia, and covered all but 
one degree of the previous French grant to De Monts. 

Under this charter, the adventurers sent out colonists in 
1607. The one from Plymouth, destined to the northern 
shore, consisted of two ships and one hundred men, under 
the command of Captain George Popham, as president, and 
Captain Rawley Gilbert, as admiral, sailed on the 31st of 
May, and arrived at the island of Monhegan the nth of 
August, and then continued on to the Kennebec, where they 
planted themselves upon an island in the mouth of that 
river. Thence they removed to the mainland, built a com- 
modious house, barn, and a few slender cabins, erected a 
fort, block-house, etc., which they named Fort George (after- 
wards called Popham 's Fort), and forty- five of the colonists 
passed the winter there, the two ships having sailed for 
England the 5th of December. This was subsequently 
denominated the Sagadahoc Colon}'. But a succession of 
peculiarly unfavorable circumstances terminated the exist- 
ence and hopes of this colony the succeeding year, and the 
survivors returned to England. 

M. Potrincourt, wishing to revive his plantation at Port 
Royal, which had fallen into decay, procured the king's con- 
firmation of his grant upon condition of his endeavors to 
convert the natives to the Catholic faith. In 1608, he sailed 
with his son Biencourt and several families, — intending to 
become settlers, — and two Jesuits, Biard and Masse. Dur- 
ing the passage, a sharp controversy arose between him and 
the ecclesiastics, in wdiich he boldly told them "it was his 
part to rule them on earth, and theirs only to guide him to 
heaven." Potrincourt remained at Port Royal a short time, 
and, returning to France, left his son in command. Disdain- 
ing to be under the control of these two priests, who as- 
sumed control of the civil affairs of the plantation, Biencourt 
threatened them with corporal punishment in return for 



WESTON S HISTORY 25 

their spiritual anathemas. Early in the spring, therefore, 
the Jesuits left him, and proceeded westward to an island on 
the coast of Maine, then called Mount Mansel, but now 
called Mount Desert. Here they constructed and fortified 
a habitation, planted gardens, laid out grounds, and dwelt 
for five years, entering with zeal and untiring perseverance 
upon the work of converting the natives to Christianity. 
Their number was subsequently augmented by the arrival 
of one Saussaye, with twenty-five colonists, who called the 
place St. Sauveur. But they did not long remain unmo- 
lested. Disputes had already arisen between the French 
and English respecting the bounds of their respective grants, 
which, from want of information relating to the situation of 
the country, ran with strange perplexity into one another. 
The disposition of the French to extend their settlement still 
farther west was viewed with alarm by the government es- 
tablished in Virginia ; and in 1613 Captain Argal was sent 
with eleven vessels, carrying sixty soldiers and fourteen 
pieces of cannon, to dislodge them. He seized upon the 
fort at Mount Desert, together with a ship and bark or 
pinnace, then in the harbor, broke in pieces the cross 
erected by the Jesuits, reared another inscribed with the 
name of his king, and in this way took formal possession of 
the place. Gilbert du Thet, one of the Jesuits, was killed by 
a musket-ball during the attack. Proceeding farther east- 
ward, he took one vessel at St. Croix Island, destroyed what 
remained of De Monts's settlement, crossed the Bay of 
Fundy, and came to anchor before Port Royal. The French 
at the time were mostly absent from the fort. Argal, there- 
fore, lost no time ; and, in two hours after he had landed his 
men, he reduced the entire settlement to ashes. Having 
accomplished his object, he carried the ship, pinnace, ord- 
nance, cattle, and provisions, together with part of the pris- 
oners, including the Jesuits, to Virginia. The French power 



26 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

in this quarter was thus interrupted, and it was a number of 
years before it recovered from the disaster. This hostile 
expedition took place in a time of profound peace between 
the two crowns, and the reason assigned was the encroach- 
ments of the French upon the territories of the English. 

On the 3d of November, 1620, a new charter was granted 
by King James I. to forty noblemen, knights, and gentlemen, 
collectively denominated " The Council established at Plym- 
outh, in the county of Devon, for planting, ruling, and 
governing New England in America." This charter granted 
in fee-simple the whole country situated between the fortieth 
and forty-eighth degrees of north latitude in breadth ; and 
in length, by the same breadth, " throughout the main land 
from sea to sea," — embracing, in fact, all the country from 
Philadelphia to the Bay of Chaleur. This charter expressly 
recognizes that of April 10, 1606, and premises that this 
country had lately experienced, under a visitation from God, 
an uncommon desolation by a "destructive plague," and 
" horrible slaughters and murders among the savages," and 
that none other than English subjects had any possessions 
within that territory. Nay, " many places for leagues," it 
was stated, "were without native inhabitants to challenge 
any interest in the lands." Under this charter, which ex- 
isted upward of fourteen years, were all the grants made 
which originally divided the country between the Hudson 
and Penobscot Rivers ; but beyond these bounds the patent 
appears to have had no practical operation. 

Sir F. Gorges, one of the most prominent men in the 
Council, foresaw that the French settled at Quebec, Port 
Royal, Mount Desert, etc., though expelled by Argal eight 
years before, intended to become exclusive possessors of 
the country, and that efficient means ought to be promptly 
adopted to thwart their design. A difficulty, however, arose 
from a deficiency in the charter itself; for, though it ex- 



WESTON S HISTORY 27 

tended two degrees farther north than the former one, it 
only embraced the Bay of Chaleur, and fell short, at least a 
degree, of the southerly bank of the St. Lawrence. To obvi- 
ate this perplexity, a conveyance was made by the Council 
of Plymouth of a large portion of their north-eastern terri- 
tory to Sir William Alexander, who was Secretary of State 
from Scotland, and afterward created Earl Sterling and 
Viscount of Canada, which was forthwith confirmed and 
enlarged by a patent from King James I. of England, dated 
Sept. 10, 1821. 

This patent to Sir William Alexander and his heirs em- 
braced all the lands of the continent and islands, reckoning 
from Cape Sable in about forty-three degrees north latitude, 
along the seashore to St. Mary's Bay ; thence to the north 
in a straight line to the entrance or mouth of the great bay 
between the countries of the Souriquois and of the Eteche- 
mins, as far as the river of St. Croix, " and to the farthest 
source or spring, which first comes from the west ; from 
thence by a straight imaginary line crossing the lands or 
running towards the north, as far as the first bay, river, or 
spring which runs into the great river of Canada " ; thence 
eastward by the shores of the river to the sea ; and so on 
round the peninsula to Cape Sable, and including the islands 
within six leagues of the coast. This tract was called Nova 
Scotia, or New Scotland. It was granted to Sir William 
and his heirs in fee-simple, and without any condition what- 
ever. Under this charter. Sir William sent out several 
vessels, rather to make discoveries than to colonize, till 
1624, when he transported thither some Scottish settlers, 
and, " after subduing the French inhabitants or removing 
them to Virginia, planted a colony there himself, and held 
possession ten years, before it returned to the French '' by 
the treaty of St. Germain, May 29, 1632. 

New England being now brought into notice by the re- 



28 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

spectability of the persons who had engaged in its cause, and 
especially by the profits derived from the fish and fur trade, 
the intercourse was yearly increasing. Prince, in his " An- 
nals," states that in 162 1 ten or twelve ships from the west 
of England procured full cargoes of fish and fur. In 1622 
thirty-five ships, in 1623 forty ships, and in 1624 fifty 
ships were engaged in the same trade. 

King James died in 1624; and his successor, Charles I., 
married a French Catholic princess. By the marriage treaty, 
it was stipulated to recede or resign the jurisdiction of 
Acadia to France. This treaty, in view of all Englishmen 
interested, cast a deep shade on American affairs, and 
brought into collision the rights of the patentees and engage- 
ments of the crown. 

After much exertion. Sir William in 1625 obtained a con- 
firmation of his grant, described and sanctioned with much 
particularity ; but it availed him very little. His efforts for 
settling the country were feeble and inefficient, and his 
colonists returned home. Though not yet in possession, 
the French king in 1627 made a grant to Claude Saint- 
Etienne de la Tour of lands five leagues on each side of the 
river St. John and two leagues back from the shore. It 
is said he also obtained from Charles a confirmation of the 
grant of Sir William to himself, and from Louis, the French 
king, a commission dated Feb. 11, 1631, to be governor of 
Acadia. 

By the third article of the treaty of St. Germain, Charles 
resigned to the French monarch " all the places occupied by 
British subjects in New France, Acadia, and Canada." To 
this transaction may be traced events most important to the 
northern colonies, and especially to Maine. Chalmers sup- 
poses that the cause of the disputes between the colonies and 
the mother country may be traced to this transaction. The 
article was artfully drafted. No boundaries were mentioned, 



WESTON S HISTORY 29 

and the avenues were opened for those unlimited contro- 
versies about lines and limits which are among the worst of 
national evils. 

Desirous to advance the settlement of his Acadian colony, 
the French monarch made several grants. One of the first, 
in 1633, was to M. de Razilla, a military officer who had 
been appointed to take the possession and command of the 
country which embraced the river and bay of St. Croix, and 
the islands in the vicinity, — " twelve leagues on the sea and 
twenty leagues into the land." Its eastern boundary prob- 
ably adjoined the western line of the patent made before to 
La Tour on the St. John's. The new grant was extensive, 
yet it is not ascertained whether it did or did not extend 
southward of the river St. Croix. Certain it is that every 
other was northward of it, except the dormant one to De 
Monts. 

The patents of the Plymouth Council embraced the whole 
seaboard from Piscataqua to Penobscot ; but they still held 
by their charter the territory between the Penobscot and St. 
Croix, unassigned and unsold. 

The new Plymouth colonists, undismayed by a piratical 
attack by the French in June, 1632, on their trading-house 
at Penobscot, which ^'as plundered of its contents to the 
amount of ;^5oo, kept their station, and pursued their traffic 
for three years longer before they were forced entirely to 
abandon the place. Besides, the next spring they estab- 
lished at Machias a new trading-house, which they replen- 
ished with a variety of valuable commodities, and put it 
under a guard of five or six men, trustworthy and well 
armed. It was an eligible station above Cross Island on 
the west bank of the river, the remains of an ancient fort 
being still visible there. They might have been encouraged 
and supported by the Plymouth Council in a full determina- 
tion to keep possession of the country. 



30 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

The faults of La Tour, governor of Acadia, were avarice, 
pride, and passion ; and such high resentments did he affect 
to feel when he heard of the trading-house set up at Ma- 
chias that he hastened away to lay it in ruins. Meeting 
with resistance, he killed two of the defenders ; and, after 
rifling the house of all the articles of value he could find, he 
carried his booty and the survivors to Port Royal. The 
amount of property pillaged was ^400 or ;!{^5oo. After- 
ward, in reply to Mr. Allerton, of New Plymouth, who 
came to recover the prisoners and goods, and to inquire if 
he had authority for this transaction, La Tour insolently 
and insultingly replied : " I have taken them as lawful prize. 
My authority is from the King of France, who claims the 
coast from Cape Sable to Cape Cod. I wish the English to 
understand, if they trade to the eastward of Pemaquid, I 
shall seize them. My sword is all the commission I shall 
shov/. When I want help, I will produce my authority. 
Take your men, and be gone." Ten years after this transac- 
tion, La Tour, w^ho was in Boston seeking assistance against 
D'Aulnay, was called to account for the part he took in this 
business before the governor and assistants. His explana- 
tion to the governor, and offer to Mr. Vines, the principal 
^ sufferer, to abide the judgment of referees, seems to have 
been satisfactory. 

The present was a trying period to the affairs of the 
Plymouth Council. The merchants believed that it pos- 
sessed a monopoly of trade ; the majority of the Commons 
considered the Council under royal influence, and devoted 
to the claims of prerogative ; High Churchmen looked on 
them as opposed to prelacy, and opening an asylum to 
Puritans; while the king himself suspected the New England 
colonists were enjoying liberties and privileges wholly incon- 
sistent with his notions of regal power. Sir F. Gorges 
strenuously defended the " corporation and measures " be- 



WESTON S HISTORY 3 I 

fore the House of Commons, but in vain. When decisions 
are only sanctions of decrees predetermined, all arguments, 
principles, and rights are nullities. A dissolution of the 
Plymouth Council must be its fate, and the members made 
preparations for it. Hence they concluded to divide the 
whole patent into twelve royal provinces, and to draw lots 
Feb. 3, 1635, '^^'^ presence of the king, for each of the grand 
divisions. The first province, or division, embraced the coun- 
try between St. Croix and Pemaquid, and extended north to 
the forty-eighth degree of north latitude. It was called the 
county of Canada, and was assigned to Sir William Alexan- 
der, Earl of Sterling, who died in 1640. His descendants 
have, within a few years (say four or five), laid claim to 
Nova Scotia under the ancient patent of King James to their 
ancestor. Major-General Lord Sterling, a distinguished 
officer in the American army during the Revolutionary W^ar, 
was a descendant of Sir William Alexander, the grantee of 
Nova Scotia. The other divisions were in like manner as- 
signed to others. The last meeting of the Plymouth Coun- 
cil was held April 25, 1635, previous to which a decree was 
entered against the charter, though never carried into exe- 
cution. They entered in their books the reasons of their 
proceedings, and, having held the charter about fifteen years, 
resigned it into the hands of the king, first reserving all 
grants and all vested rights. At this time, the whole num- 
ber of white people in Maine from Piscataqua to Penobscot 
is estimated at about fifteen hundred. 

An almost constant state of petty warfare existed between 
the French and English, and repeated inroads and reprisals 
were made by each upon the other. The French claimed 
and occupied the coast and territory, and controlled the 
tribes of Indians situated about and between the St. John 
and Penobscot. But it is certain that the French at no 
time had any territorial possession westward of the Penob- 



^ 



32 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

scot, which was the divisional boundary, in fact, for many 
years between the French and English. Hutchinson says 
the French continued in possession of Penobscot till 1664. 

About this time, also, the rivalry of the French officers, La 
Tour, son of the La Tour above mentioned, whose command 
extended from the head of the Bay of Fundy to the St. 
Croix, and D'Aulnay, stationed at Major Baguyduce, now 
Castine, and claiming a paramount command and govern- 
ment from thence to Cape Sable and the intermediate coun- 
try, produced disastrous consequences, and ended in a pred- 
atory and exterminating warfare, rendered more fierce and 
bitter by religious zeal and bigotry (D'Aulnay being a Catho- 
lic, and La Tour a Protestant), which lasted for twelve years. 
Each party in turn made application to Massachusetts for 
assistance, who, though she declined openly to interfere, 
secretly aided each, fomenting rather than allaying the dis- 
putes between them. One circumstance I may mention. In 
1645, D'Aulnay attacked St. John in the absence of La 
Tour ; but his wife made an heroic defence, killed twenty and 
wounded thirteen of the assailants. Two years afterward 
he again invested it. Twelve of his men were killed in the 
assault, and several wounded ; but he finally succeeded, 
made La Tour's wife a prisoner, and, it is said, put all 
the others, both French and English, to the sword. The 
amount of. plunder which he carried away is estimated at 
upward of ^10,000. 

In 1654, though it was a time of profound peace between 
England and France, the Protector Cromwell, who had sent 
out several ships against the Dutch at Manhadoes, or New 
York, secretly gave orders to the captains, after reducing the 
Dutch, to turn their arms against Nova Scotia, and make a 
conquest of it. This was easily accomplished; and the whole 
country from Penobscot eastward, including Nova Scotia, 
fell into the hands of the English. This act of aggression 



WESTON S HISTORY 



33 



was complained of by the French, but Cromwell refused to 
restore it, claiming it under an older and paramount title ; 
and the next season the whole Acadian province was con- 
firmed to the English, who held it thirteen years, when it was 
surrendered to the French under the treaty of Breda, July 
31, 1667. Cromwell appointed Sir William Temple gov- 
ernor, and two years after (1656) gave to him, one Crown, 
and La Tour a joint grant of the territory of Acadia, and 
that part of the country called Nova Scotia from Merliquash 
(now Lunenburg) to Penobscot, the river St. George, and 
the Muscingus, situated on the confines of New England. 

Soon after the Restoration, King Charles II., by charter 
dated the 12th of March, 1664, granted to his brother James, 
Duke of York, certain claims upon the Hudson River, and 
finding no royal patent extant which covered the territory 
between St. Croix and Pemaquid, except those made when 
the New England grand patent was dissolved and the 
twelve provinces projected and assigned in 1635, included 
this region also in the charter, it being the first of those 
twelve provinces, and having been assigned to Sir William 
Alexander, and described to be "all that part of the main 
land in New England beginning at a place known by the 
name of St. Croix, next adjoining to New England ; thence 
extending along the sea-coast to a place called Pemaquid, 
and up the river thereof to its farthest head," and by other 
boundaries to the river of Canada northward. This, besides 
being called " the Duke of York's territory," has also been 
called "the territory of Sagadahoc," "New Castle," and 
the " County of Cornwall." No other grants in Maine or 
Nova Scotia appear to have been made ; and at the treatv of 
Breda, three years afterward, all Acadia, without specifica- 
tion as to boundaries, but including by name " St. John, 
Port Royal, Latteve, Cape Sable, and Pentagoet," or Penob- 
scot, as being parts of the province, was resigned into the 



34 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

possession of the French, who built stockaded forts at Port 
Royal, St. John, and Penobscot. A profitable trade was 
pursued in furs, peltry, and fish ; but in other respects the 
country for several years was treated with great inattention, 
Canada affording the principal attraction to the French 
enterprise. Meanwhile, the whole coast between Penobscot 
and St. Croix remained untouched by the arts of culture and 
improvement, and almost without inhabitants, save the abo- 
rigines. At this time, the white population of Nova Scotia is 
stated at nine hundred only. M. du Bourg was appointed 
governor of Acadia, and a friendly intercourse and trade 
subsisted between him and the people of New England. 
But the Dutch in 1674 seized upon the fort at Penobscot, 
which they soon after abandoned, and again in 1676, whence 
they were expelled by a force sent from Boston. 

Charles II. died Feb. 16, 1685, and was succeeded by his 
brother, the Duke of York, now James II. He appointed 
two commissioners to manage his ducal province in Maine, 
John Palmer and John West, who were directed "to lay 
claim to the country as far eastward as the river St. Croix," 
the limit of the patent, and to exercise over it the preroga- 
tives of government, to the extent of his power and right. 
Under these instructions, they seized a cargo of wines at 
Penobscot, landed there under the belief the place was 
within the French territory ; but the wine was ultimately 
restored, and the difficulty healed. 

King James II., after a short reign of three years, having 
been driven from the throne in 1688 and gone over to 
France, a war ensued between the two countries. As soon 
as this was known at Boston, preparations were immediately 
made to regain Nova Scotia and reduce Quebec. Early in 
the spring of 1690, an expedition of seven sail, under the 
command of Sir William Phips (who was a native of Wool- 
wich in this State, one of the youngest of his mother's 



WESTON S HISTORY 35 

twenty-six children, twenty-one being sons), sailed from 
Boston. He proceeded first to Port Royal, which sur- 
rendered at discretion; then visited the other French set- 
tlements, and took formal possession of the whole country 
and coast, including the islands as far as Penobscot. 

The whole country except Quebec being now in the pos- 
session of the English, the important instrument denomi- 
nated the charter of William and Mary, or the provincial 
charter, passed the seals Oct. 7, 1691, and received the 
royal sanction. This constituted for eighty-nine years the 
foundation and ordinance of civil government for the United 
Territories of Massachusetts, Plymouth, Maine, and Sagada- 
hoc, collectively called the Province of Massachusetts Bay, 
being superseded by the adoption of the Massachusetts 
Constitution in 1780. The charter specially included the 
country from Pemaquid to the St. Croix, Schoodic, or Nova 
Scotia, the ducal province of James II. having now re- 
verted to the crown on his abdication. Nova Scotia also, or 
Acadia, though resigned to the French by the treaty of 
Breda in 1667, had been recently captured by Phips, and 
was included in the same charter, but in a few years was con- 
ceded by Massachusetts to the entire and exclusive dominion 
of the English crown. 

It was stipulated by the seventh article of the treaty of 
Ryswick, of Sept. 11, 1697, "that mutual restitution should 
be made of all the countries, colonies, and forts taken by 
either party during the war," by virtue of which Acadia, or 
Nova Scotia, unfortunately without any definite boundaries, 
once more returned to the undisputed possession of the 
French. Nothing effectual was done toward determining 
the western limits of the province, only that in this, as in the 
treaty of Breda, provision was merely made for the appoint- 
ment of commissioners to settle that question which was 
again revived, France by treaty and Massachusetts by 



36 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

charter strenuously claiming the country from St. Croix to 
Penobscot or Kennebec. 

On the 15th of July, 17 10, a fleet from England, intended 
for the reduction of Nova Scotia, arrived at Boston, and, 
being there joined by the colony forces, sailed for Port 
Royal, which capitulated October 2, and the name changed 
to Annapolis Royal. The submission of the rest of the 
province soon followed. This was succeeded by the treaty 
of Utrecht, March 13, 17 13, by which France resigned all 
Nova Scotia, or Acadia, with its ancient boundaries to the 
crown of Great Britain ; and it has ever since remained a 
British province. The conquest and cession of Nova Scotia 
was an event highly important to Maine. It put to rest the 
long agitated question about boundaries, the charter of 
William and Mary being sufficiently definite respecting the 
division lines between territories of the same crown. The 
country became less exposed to the depredations of the 
Indians and others, inasmuch as a contiguous province could 
no longer afford them a hiding-place. 

To this period it will readily be perceived that the his- 
tory of the Sagadahoc province has been so intimately 
blended with that of Nova Scotia that a narrative of 
events and affairs in one could not be understood without 
tracing the chain of occurrences in the other. 

The principal cause of the dispute relative to the territory 
west of St. Croix was in considering Acadia and Nova 
Scotia as distinct countries, while, in fact, they were the 
same. Had the cessions and recessions from one to the 
other by the French and English been confined to Nova 
Scotia, instead of Acadia (which name was generally used), 
the difficulty would have been obviated. But the French 
artfully used the name Acadia, which had never any other 
southern boundary or limits than the fortieth degree of lati- 
tude, mentioned in King Henry's charter to De Monts in 



Weston's history 37 

1603 ; whereas, the southern extent of Nova Scotia was well 
understood to be limited and bounded by the river St. Croix, 
as described in the charter of King James to Sir William 
Alexander in 1621, This "debatable ground" was mostly 
in possession of the French till 17 13, and was noted for its 
fur-trade and fishery. In the Collections of the Massachu- 
setts Historical Society there is an account of the inhabitants 
scattered along the coast in 1688, as follows: "At Penob- 
scot, Baron Castine, his family, and Ranne, his servant ; at 
Edgemoragan Reach, Charles St. Robin, his son and daugh- 
ter, and La Flour and his wife ; at Mount Desert, Lowry, 
wife and child, Hinds, wife and four children, Cadilac and 
wife ; at Machias, Martel, John Bretoon, wife, and a child 
of Jersey, Lattre, wife and three children ; at Passama- 
quoddy and St. Croix, St. Robin, wife and son, Lettrell, 
John Minns, wife and four children, Lambert, Jolly Cive, 
his servant, Zorza, and Lena, his servant, — perhaps forty- 
five souls." In 1660, the white inhabitants of Maine were 
estimated at five thousand ; and fifteen years afterward, at 
from five to six thousand, and the effective strength of the 
militia at one thousand. Sylvanus Davis, in a statement 
made to the Massachusetts assistant, says, "There were as 
many as one hundred and fifty-six families east of Sagada- 
hoc in 1675, and between that river and St. George's River 
near one hundred fishing vessels owned by the people 
there." 

This country, when first discovered by Europeans, was full 
of inhabitants, the " Lenni Lenape," or "original people," 
of whom about thirty distinct tribes have been enumerated 
in New England and Nova Scotia. In Maine there were 
two great divisions, the Abenaquis and Etechemins. The 
latter inhabited the country between the rivers Penobscot 
and St. John, both inclusive, and were divided into three 
tribes, — the Tarratines at Penobscot, the Openangos upon 



38 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

the Passamaquoddy Bay, and the Marechites, or Armouchi- 
quois, on the St. John. The Tarratines were a numerous, 
powerful, and warlike people, and Hubbard and Prince say 
kept the western Indians in perpetual fear. One instance 
is given of an excursion made by them as far as Dorchester, 
near Boston, where they killed five men. They were early 
acquainted with the use of fire-arms, which were furnished 
them by the French ; and they were instructed by them in 
their use. The Marechites, or Armouchiquois, inhabited 
the St. John River, called by them " Ougondy." They were 
also numerous, and, according to Purchas, valiant and in- 
genious. He says they attained some eminence in "paint- 
ing, carving, and drawing pictures of men, beasts, and birds, 
both in wood and stone." Their present range is from the 
mouth of the river to the Madawaska, and even above. The 
Openangos, which means the same as little sable, "very cun- 
ning," more commonly called the Quoddy tribe, were settled 
about the waters of the Passamaquoddy Bay and the river 
Schoodic. It is said that they were anciently numerous, but 
probably a younger tribe than those of Penobscot or St. 
John. The Indian tradition is that an Indian of St. John 
married a Tarratine wife, settled at Passamaquoddy, and 
became a tribe. It is certain that they have lived on the 
most friendly terms with both the others, and always acted 
in concert with them. Their village is at Pleasant Point 
in the town of Perry, where there are about thirty wigwams, 
three or four frame-houses, a school-house, and chapel. 
They are poor, ignorant, indolent, and superstitious, at- 
tached to ancient customs and to Catholic rites and forms. 
No motives, no persuasives, can rouse them from their de- 
basing inactivity. They have learned nothing from their 
intercourse with the white people but their vices. Neither 
the emoluments of industry, the pleasures of education, nor 
the wants of life have power to kindle in them the desire of 



WESTON S HISTORY 39 

becoming a civilized people. They are indigent and de- 
pressed. Little remains to them but their barbarian free- 
dom, and they are fast sinking into that state which will 
shortly end in their entire extinction. 

The Etechemins, in their general dispositions, appear to 
have been more favorable to the whites than the western 
Indians. Less disturbed than they in the enjoyment of their 
possessions, and more discreet, they were always reluctant 
to engage in hostilities with the English, and have never 
been so much wasted by war and disease, though they have 
not altogether escaped. In 1615, their fighting men were 
estimated at 6,000, the Tarratines at 2,400, the Openangos 
at 1,400, and the Marechites at 2,200. Persons well ac- 
quainted with them in former years affirm that in 1756 they 
could turn out 1,500 fighting men. Their population in 
1820 was only 1,235 5 ^^^ Tarratines, 390; Openangos, 379 ; 
and Marechites, 466. 

The Indians are generally in their persons well made, 
with acute senses and quick perceptions, grave and taciturn, 
hospitable and generous, grateful for favors, but never for- 
getting an injury, revengeful and cruel, strongly attached to 
their families and tribes, rude in their dress (which formerly 
consisted of skins), excessively fond of ornament and bright 
and gaudy colors. With few inducements to industry, they 
are idle and improvident, irregular in their mode of living, 
and uncleanly in their persons and dwelling. Each tribe 
was governed by a Sagamore (sunk-a-muh), and under them 
by "wise men,"' denominated Sachems, in modern times 
chiefs, governors, captains. They have no written laws, nor 
judicial process, — only a few immemorial usages, — all their 
proceedings under the Sagamores and Sachems being regu- 
lated by sense of present fitness and benefit. Their relig- 
ious notions were crude and full of superstitions. They 
believed in a great and good spirit called Sazoos, and prob- 



40 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

ably in the immortality of the soul. They also believed in 
an evil spirit, called Majahondo. Their moral sense was ex- 
ceedingly obtuse, and had little or no practical operation on 
their lives or conduct. Christianity was early introduced, 
and subsequently taught among the Etechemin tribes by 
the Jesuits and Catholic missionaries. They effected great 
changes in the views and external practices of the natives. 
Superstitious rites and rituals, blended with endeavors to 
inculcate and deepen the moral sense and to encourage 
religious worship, becoming established, are still extant 
among the remnant of the tribes. But neither their morals, 
manners, principles, nor yet their customs, tastes, or senti- 
ments, have undergone any or extensive radical improvement. 
In all these, the Indians are Indian natives still, without any 
essential change. 

The French appear to have had more friendly and familiar 
intercourse with the Indians than the English. They assim- 
ilated more with their manners and customs, adopted their 
habits and modes of life, and by intermarriages with the 
natives acquired an influence never possessed by the Eng- 
lish. This was increased by the influence exercised by the 
Jesuits, and the imposing rites and ceremonies of the Cath- 
olic Church, more palpable to the senses, and therefore more 
acceptable, than the simple but more intellectual worship 
of the Protestants. The Etechemin tribes are all Catholic, 
but not deep reasoners on the subject of religion. 

During fifty years, the planters and traders in Maine had 
great intercourse with the natives, undisturbed by any open 
rupture. When the Indians commenced hostilities, they 
were full of revenge and greedy spoil. No presents, no 
treaties, no expedient, could for any length of time bind 
them in the bonds of peace. Their jealousies and antipa- 
thies were habitual ; and, when it was too late, they had a fear- 
ful vision of exile from the land of their fathers or of utter 



WESTON S HISTORY 41 

extermination. From the time of King Philip's War, com- 
menced in 1675, the inhabitants of Maine were extreme suf- 
ferers in six Indian wars, in which the Indians displayed 
their implacable resentment and proverbial ferocity. There 
are few data to show the part which the Indians east of the 
Penobscot took in these wars, or how far they were imme- 
diate sufferers by them. The first treaty ever made w^ith the 
eastern Indians was Nov. 13, 1676. At the commencement 
of King William's War, 1688, " Egeremet of Machias " is 
named as a sagamore engaged in hostilities. In June, 
1692, in the attack on the fort at Wells by the French and 
Indians under Burneffe, " Egeremet, who w^as from Machias 
or Passamaquoddy," is mentioned among several other saga- 
mores; and his name, with those of twelve other sagamores, 
appears in a treaty with the English on the nth of August, 
the next year, as representing all the tribes from Passama- 
quoddy to Saco, inclusive. A brother of his was one of 
the hostages. Egeremet was, some time after, basely killed 
by Captain Chubb at Pemaquid, where he went to effect an 
exchange of prisoners. 

In 1704, a force of five hundred and fifty men besides 
officers was raised in Massachusetts, and the command given 
to the celebrated Colonel Church. Furnished with fourteen 
transports, thirty-six whale-boats, and a scout shallop, he 
sailed from Boston May 21, under convoy of the "Jersey" and 
"Gosport," ships-of-w^ar of forty-eight and thirty-two guns, 
attended by the province galley. The places of destination 
specially appointed him were Metinicus, Penobscot, Mount 
Desert, Machias, Passamaquoddy, and the settlements on 
the Bay of Fundy. His first stopping-place was at Metini- 
cus, whence he sent out boats to one of the Green Islands, 
and took into custody three Frenchmen named Lafavre, a 
father and two sons, and also a Canadian Indian. The pris- 
oners, at first obstinate and sullen, were terrified by threats 



; 



42 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

or softened by promises to give information and act as pilots. 
They told Colonel Church that there were several families 
of French and Indians living about the margin of the Penob- 
scot, and also that Messrs. Gourdon and Sharkee, French 
ofBcers who had lately furnished them and the informants 
with ammunition and other necessaries, were then engaged 
in building a fort at Passamaquoddy. Church, under the 
pilotage of the prisoners and one Young, taken out of the 
jail at Boston for the purpose, made an incursion into the 
bay and river of Penobscot, where " he killed and took 
a considerable number both of French and Indians." At 
Mount Desert, Colonel Church was joined by the ships-of- 
war, and, taking a fresh supply of provisions, proceeded into 
the waters of Passamaquoddy in whale-boats. Through fear 
of alarming the enemy, he rowed by night and rested by day, 
not permitting a gun to be discharged even at an Indian, if 
he could be otherwise killed or taken. On the yth of June, 
Church and his men went on shore upon an island, probably 
Moose Island, where they made prisoners of a French- 
woman and her children ; and, from the mainland near her 
abode, they took M. Lotrull and his family. Ascending the 
river, they seized upon Gourdon and his family, and Sharkee 
and his domestics, and plundered the house of the latter of 
some valuable articles. Church, observing several of his 
men hovering round Gourdon's dwelling, inquired the rea- 
son. One of them replied, " Because some of the people 
within will not come out." At which Church exclaimed, 
" Then kill them." They instantly fired, and several fell. 
He then proceeded to the head of the navigation of the 
river, still engaged in the work of capture and destruction, 
Chartiers, a French officer and resident, being the only one 
who escaped. The armament then sailed up the Bay of 
Fundy, destroying Minas, now Horton, and two other " pop- 
ulous villages," laid waste the country about Chignecto 



WESTON S HISTORY 43 

(Cumberland), and, visiting Passamaquoddy, Mount Desert, 
and Penobscot, returned to Boston after an absence of about 
three months. In this, his fifth and last eastern expedition 
(having in his preceding one been as far as St. John), he 
had taken one hundred prisoners and a great amount of 
plunder, with the loss of only six men, and, as a reward for 
his services, received from the legislature a vote of public 
thanks. 

In 1722, a vessel from Annapolis for Boston, with several 
passengers, touched at Passamaquoddy for water. Ignorant 
of hostilities, then lately commenced, they went on shore, 
where they were made prisoners by a mixed party of French 
and Indians. In making arrangements to divide the cargo, 
they sent the master on board the vessel, when, the wind 
springing up fresh and fair, he and the people on board cut 
the cable, and made the best of their way to Boston. Those 
left behind were afterward released on payment of ransom. 
In 1744, the government of Massachusetts declared war 
" against the several tribes east of the one upon Passama- 
quoddy," forbidding all the Indians westward of a line 
" beginning at three miles eastward of that river, and run- 
ning north to the St. Lawrence," to have any correspond- 
ence with those Indian rebels. 

In the year 1760, and during what is usually termed the 
" old French War," the eastern tribes, who had joined with 
the French, wasted by war, famine, hardships, and disease, 
particularly the small-pox, now left to their fate by those 
who had made them dupes and self-destroyers, saw them- 
selves on the brink of ruin when too late to avoid the sacri- 
fice. The tribes that first sued for peace were those on the 
St. John River and Passamaquoddy, who had been the fore- 
most in taking up the tomahawk. One tribe sent Michael 
Neptune, the other Bellamy Glaube, to Governor Lawrence 
at Halifax, who entered into a negotiation with them, by 



44 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

which the treaty of 1725, confirmed in 1749, was fully rec- 
ognized and renewed, and hostages given for a strict ad- 
herence thereto. The other tribes soon followed their 
example, and thus were terminated the wars and even the 
political existence of the Indians. 

The estimates of the inhabitants of Maine at different 
periods are as follows: in 1735, about 9,000; in 1742, prob- 
ably 12,000; in 1761, 17,500; and in 1764, about 24,000 
souls. 

The question of the eastern boundary came incidentally 
into discussion between the French and English in 1749, 
when Governor Shirley, of Massachusetts, and the Marquis 
de la Galissoniere were appointed to settle the disputed lines 
between Canada and Nova Scotia, the place of meeting 
being fixed at Paris. On this business, Shirley was absent 
four years, without accomplishing the object. The General 
Court, in a congratulatory address on his return, after ex- 
pressing their regret at his want of success with the French, 
add, what perhaps is equally applicable to other nations, and 
also to individuals, — " but for a long time that nation has 
been famous for doing justice by compulsion rather than by 
inclination." 

At the peace of Paris, Feb. 10, 1763, which terminated 
the " old French War," France renounced and guaranteed to 
Great Britain all Canada and Nova Scotia, with all her 
northern continental and insular possessions in America, 
except the small islands of St. Peter's and Miguelon in the 
Gulf of St. Lawrence, which Great Britain ceded and con- 
firmed to France, as a shelter for her fishermen. The same 
year Canada was erected a provincial government ; and a 
part of its southern boundary line runs from a certain point 
at forty-five degrees of north latitude, eastward, " along the 
highlands which divide the rivers that empty themselves in 
the river St. Lawrence from those which fall into the sea," — 



WESTON S HISTORY 



45 



a line supposed to form the northern boundary or limit of 
Maine. 

About this time, the settlement of this part of the country 
began to engage the attention of the government. As early 
as 1734 Governor Belcher made an exploring excursion into 
the eastern parts, and visited Passamaquoddy, Machias, and 
the coast westward to the Sheepscut. In 1750, Richard 
Hazen was employed, at the public expense, to make sur- 
veys and form a correct map or chart of the whole coast 
between the Merrimack and St. Croix; and in 1762 the 
General Court appointed William Brattle, James Otis, and 
John Winslow " to repair to the St. Croix, determine the 
place where the easterly line is to begin ; to extend the 
said line so far as they shall think necessary, and ascertain 
and settle the same by marked trees, or other boundary 
marks." Their report was made in February following, 
accepted, and printed ; but it showed a view rather than a 
descriptive survey. 

In 1764, two years afterward. Governor Bernard, of Mas- 
sachusetts, caused a survey of the Bay of Passamaquoddy 
to be made, and proposed making grants of land there, as 
being within his government. The next year Governor 
Wilmot, of Nova Scotia, did the same. The surveyor from 
Nova Scotia reported that the river called by the Indians 
Copscook was anciently called by the French St. Croix; and, 
although Governor Bernard claimed the Macacadava as the 
St. Croix, yet in 1765 he applied to and obtained a grant 
from the governor of Nova Scotia of one hundred thousand 
acres, including Moose Island, for himself and his asso- 
ciates, lying between the Copscook and Schoodic Rivers, 
on the western side of Passamaquoddy Bay. 

A brief notice of some of the incidents of the Revolution- 
ary War, which occurred in this vicinity, may with propriety 
be here introduced, — not as highly important in themselves, 



46 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDV 

yet forming a part of the great whole, and showing that the 
actors were among the number of brave men whose merits 
and deeds so much adorn the annals of the Revolution. 

Soon after the battle of Lexington, in April, 1775, Cap- 
tain Ichabod Jones, of Boston, whose wife and daughter 
were with their relatives at Machias, obtained leave of 
Admiral Graves to freight his vessel with provisions and 
carry them to Machias on condition of returning with a 
cargo of wood and lumber for the use of the British troops. 
Jones was accompanied by the English schooner, " Mar- 
granetto," armed with four or five guns, several swivels, and 
hand-grenades, under the command of Midshipman Moor, a 
relative of the admiral. On his arrival, early in June, the 
settlers were called together, and, in view of their remote 
and destitute condition, agreed to permit his vessel to load. 
But Benjamin Foster and a party from East River (now 
East Machias) conceived the bold design of making pris- 
oners of the officers while on shore, and a prize of the armed 
schooner. This object, however, was frustrated. The offi- 
cers got on board, and moved down to the mouth of the river. 
Foster, thus disappointed, consulted with Jeremiah O'Brien 
and others, of West Falls (now Machias) ; and a plan of 
attack agreed on. Foster and his party took a coaster, then 
in East River, and O'Brien and his party took Jones's larg- 
est sloop, and both proceeded down the river, some armed 
with muskets, some with pitchforks and other weapons, with 
the intention of carrying the enemy by boarding. They 
were received by a warm discharge of swivels, musketry, and 
hand-grenades, by which two men, McNeil and Colbeth, were 
killed, and two or three badly wounded. In return, a deadly 
fire was kept up. Moor, who made a brave defence, was 
mortally wounded, several of his men killed, and also one 
Avery, a master of a schooner from Connecticut, who hap- 
pened to be on board. The vessel was then surrendered, 
and carried to the West Falls in triumph. 



WESTON S HISTORY 47 

Hostilities thus commenced, Jones's sloop, surnamed the 
^' Liberty," was fitted up with bulwarks and armed with the 
guns and swivels taken from the prize. The " Plantation 
Committee of Safety" appointed O'Brien to command her; 
and he made an unsuccessful cruise of three weeks in the 
Bay of Fundy for the schooner '• Diligent," a vessel of seventy 
or eighty tons, sent out to survey the coast, under Captain 
Knight. Shortly after his return, information was given 
that the " Diligent," accompanied by a tender under Captain 
Hutchins, had anchored at Buck's Harbor, about nine miles 
from Machias. Captain Stephen Smith, with a guard sta- 
tioned there, surprised and took Knight a prisoner. The 
next day O'Brien in the "Liberty" and Foster in the coaster 
captured both the " Diligent " and the tender without loss. 
The prisoners were forthwith sent to Falmouth (now Port- 
land), accompanied by O'Brien and Foster, who proceeded 
to head-quarters at Cambridge, where they were received by 
the Provincial Congress, and presented with the public 
thanks "for their courage and good conduct." These trans- 
actions were, it is believed, the first naval enterprises of the 
Revolutionary War. The " Liberty," Captain O'Brien, and 
" Diligent," Captain John Long, were immediately commis- 
sioned by the Provincial Congress, and cruised in the Bay 
of Fundy, where the " Liberty " captured soon after a brig 
laden with provisions. 

During the first year of the war, the eastern Indians re- 
mained quiet. Their importance, however, as frontier allies 
was soon perceived. The political relations which had long 
subsisted with the Tarratines of the Penobscot were re- 
newed and confirmed. The Passamaquoddy tribe had given 
indications of good will toward the Americans. Besides, the 
Marechites on the river St. John, and the Micmacs of 
Nova Scotia, sent a delegation of their tribes to Watertown, 
who entered into a treaty of alliance and friendship with the 



48 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

government of Massachusetts, signed by ten of their chiefs, 
on the 19th of July, 1776. A truck-house was established at 
Penobscot, and another soon after at Machias, whence they 
received their supplies. The government also granted to 
the people of Machias the value of £1^0, in corn and rye, 
for their relief and encouragement. An immense advantage 
accrued to the inhabitants east of the Penobscot by the St. 
John and Passamaquoddy Indians joining with us instead 
of adhering to the enemy ; for had they, under British influ- 
ence, been set on to plunder our towns and settlements, the 
whole population, then but thinly scattered over the country, 
must have been destroyed. Great credit is due to the In- 
dians for their strict and rigid adherence to our cause, al- 
though the commissary's department was at times destitute 
of clothing and provisions, as well for them as for our own 
troops. Several instances of individual courage and daring 
among them, well authenticated, are still preserved among 
their ancient traditions. 

The British government had established Fort Cumberland 
at the head of the Bay of Fundy in 1755, and still main- 
tained it; but the troops had been gradually withdrawn, and 
a small number only remained to take care of the artillery 
and military stores. Captain Jonathan Eddy, a native of 
Massachusetts, who had lived many years in the vicinity of 
the fort, and was sheriff of the county, conceiving that it 
might easily be reduced, applied to the Provincial Congress 
of Massachusetts for men and supplies for that purpose, 
but obtained nothing more than their connivance. He 
therefore returned to Nova Scotia, and by contributions 
first, and by persuasions, promises, and threats afterward, 
had the address to raise about one hundred and fifty men. 
At Shepardy Hill, he took a captain, sergeant, and fourteen 
men prisoners ; and the third night afterward he took a 
vessel of one hundred tons, then lying aground, with six hun- 



WESTON S HISTORY 49 

dred b irrels of beef and pork, a ton of candles, fifty firkins 
of butter, and seven hundred new blankets, all intended for 
the garrison, — a part of which, however, were retaken. He 
then collected his whole force, with the addition of some of 
the St. John Indians, and attacked the fort in the night, Sep- 
tember 27 ; but Colonel Gorham, the commander, having 
been re-enforced and apprised of the design, made a vigor- 
ous defence, killed several of the invaders, and completely 
repulsed the rest. Seldom, is a defeat attended with more 
painful circumstances. Several of the inhabitants who had 
joined the assailants soon saw their houses in flames and 
their families in the deepest distress ; and, finding no alter- 
native but either to surrender at discretion to an enraged 
enemy or flee from the British territory, they chose the 
latter, and, leaving their families, took their route along the 
north shore, crossed the St. John River at Fredericton, 
thence to Schoodic and Machias, where they arrived half 
naked and famished, having been in the woods twenty-five 
days. Their families, who remained behind during a winter 
of severe suffering, many of them houseless and without the 
comforts or even the necessaries of life, were brought away 
the following spring, in a flag of truce. Eddy was afterward 
a colonel in the army; and the General Court in 1785 
granted him and nineteen of his associates nine thousand 
acres of land at the head of the tide on the Penobscot, and 
the town incorporated there in 181 1 was, in compliment to 
him, called Eddington. 

Several of the refugees settled at Machias and Eastport, 
among whom were the late Colonel John Allan, of Lubec, 
and L. F. Delesdernier, Esq., who, it is believed, is the last 
survivor. Congress afterward, in consideration of their ser- 
vices and sufferings, made them liberal grants of land in the 
State of Ohio. 

The next year, 1777, the eastern department underwent 



50 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

a revision. Machias was made the place of general rendez- , .? 

vous and head-quarters, and a garrison established there, and ^ 

raised to a continental establishment. Colonel Allan was v ^ 

appointed general agent and superintendent, with the rank * v 

^ ^ * 

and pay of colonel; Mr. Delesdernier was appointed a lieu- ^ s^'j 
tenant; and some of the Indians were also commissioned -s* vi 
as officers. The garrison consisted of three hundred men, ; 
with two nine-pounders, one six-pounder, and the necessary '•^: ^ j 
stores. The late Stephen Smith, Esq., was appointed truck- 3 ^ 
master or commissary, and the place put into the best state f^ J 
of defence. VV-*^"^ njd3^ C^\Vo4iXv*!i-^ {xkj|^N;bi>- XMf^r^MJ 

The expedition planned against Fort Cumberland and the 
general rendezvous established at Machias were measures 
which could not be concealed from the British admiral at 
New York ; and, before the recruits had all assembled at 
Machias, he sent two frigates and an armed brig to frus- 
trate the design. They arrived in August, and anchored at 
the Narrows, where they burned a tide-water mill and took 
a coasting sloop. At the forks of the river, they burned two 
dwelling-houses, two barns, and a guard-house. They then 
towed the brig and sloop to the mouth of Middle River, near 
where the bridge now is. Here a smart action commenced, 
which resulted in forcing the vessels to return with the loss 
of many men, as the narrowness of the river and the trees 
on its margin afforded shelter and good opportunity to pick 
off those who showed themselves on deck, with little danger 
to the assailants. Discouraged by the vigor and spirit of 
the resistance they met with, the squadron in a day or two 
left the place. Toward the close of the war, Mr. Deles- 
dernier was decoyed on board an armed vessel, disguised 
as a trader, near Pleasant Point, and carried a prisoner to 
Halifax. On the 12th of June, Castine was taken posses- 
sion of by the British, regularly fortified, and retained till 
the peace, though attempts were made to retake it. This 



Weston's history 



51 



possession was, however, confined to the peninsula, and the 
command of the Penobscot by means of their fleet. 

Hostilities being happily terminated by the acknowledg- 
ment of the independence of the United States, their eastern 
boundary was established by the definitive treaty of peace of 
Sept. 3, 1783, as follows : " By a line to be drawn along the 
middle of the river St. Croix, from its mouth in the Bay of 
Fundy, to its source, and from its source, directly north to 
the highlands, which divide the rivers that fall into the 
Atlantic Ocean from those that fall into the river St. Law- 
rence ; comprehending all islands within twenty leagues of 
any part of the shores of the United States, and lying south 
of a line to be drawn due east from the point where the 
aforesaid boundary touches the Bay of Fundy, excepting 
such islands as then were, or theretofore had been, within 
the limits of the Province of Nova Scotia." 

Although the river St. Croix had been the boundary line 
between nations as well as individuals, and the adjacent 
territory a subject of contention, negotiation, and reference 
for nearly two centuries, yet the location of the river, or the 
question, *' Which was the true river St. Croix ? " had never 
yet been settled or decided. But no sooner was the treaty 
concluded than the more definite settlement of the eastern 
boundary attracted the attention, not only of the State of 
Massachusetts, but of the Congress of the United States. 
Complaint of. encroachments on our territory, south and 
west of the St. Croix, was made to the Old Congress on the 
25th of December, 1783, even before the proclamation rati- 
fying the treaty of peace was issued, which was referred by 
Congress to the government of Massachusetts, with a rec- 
ommendation to ascertain the facts, make a representation 
thereof to the governor of Nova Scotia, and to request his 
interposition to prevent their recurrence. The governor 
of Massachusetts adopted the course recommended, and in 



52 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

July, 1784, appointed Generals Lincoln and Knox to repair to 
Passamaquoddy, and there inform themselves what encroach- 
ments had been made on the territories of the said State. 
These gentlemen performed the duties assigned them, and 
reported that a very considerable number of British subjects 
had settled at a place called St. Andrews, on the eastern 
bank of the river Schoodic, which, in their opinion, was 
clearly within the limits of the State. They examined the 
three rivers emptying into the bay, — the Copscook, the 
Schoodic or Passamaquoddy, and the Macacadava, — and 
were decidedly of opinion that the latter was the true St. 
Croix. 

John Mitchell, in a deposition, declared that he was 
appointed by Governor Bernard, in 1764, a surveyor, to 
repair to Passamaquoddy with Israel Jones, his deputy, 
Nathan Jones, commanding a party of troops, with an Indian 
interpreter, and ascertain from the Indians resident there 
the river known by the name St. Croix ; that they pointed 
out a river about six miles north and about three degrees 
east of Harbor Letete, and declared on oath that it was the 
ancient and only river known among them as the St. Croix. 
They proceeded in their surveys accordingly, and returned 
three plans of the said river St. Croix and Bay of Passama- 
quoddy to Governor Bernard. Nathan Jones, in his deposi- 
tion, confirmed the foregoing facts. This, it should be re- 
marked, was nearly twenty years before the peace, and 
while the whole country was in the possession and the prop- 
erty of the British. Rufus Putnam, State surveyor, who had 
thoroughly examined the country, made a long communica- 
tion to the government, and, after stating the facts and 
reasons at large, came to the same conclusion, — that the 
Macacadava was the true St. Croix. 

The documents and evidences being forwarded to Con- 
gress, Mr. Jay, then Secretary for Foreign Affairs, in a report 



WESTON S HISTORY 53 

made by him in September, 1785, recommended that "the 
Commonwealth of Massachusetts be advised by Congress to 
proceed without noise or delay to garrison such places in 
their actual possession as were most exposed." The same 
report also recommends to apprise the court of France of 
the disputes in question, as his most Catholic Majesty had 
by treaty explicitly and perpetually guaranteed the United 
States in all their possessions. Remonstrances were made 
to the governor of Nova Scotia on the subject, and negotia- 
tion with Great Britain resorted to, instructions being sent 
out to Mr. J. Adams, then our minister at the court of London, 
to call the attention of the British government to an early 
and definite location and settlement of the river St. Croix. 
On the 9th of February, 1790, a confidential message relative 
to the boundary question was transmitted to Congress by 
President Washington, accompanied by a mass of papers, 
occupying nearly forty closely printed pages. By the fifth 
article of the treaty, concluded Nov. 19, 1794, by Mr. Jay, 
provision was made for the appointment of commissioners 
by the respective governments to "determine and settle 
what river was the St. Croix," as mentioned in the treaty 
of 1783. 

The commissioners on the part of the United States were 
Judges Howell and Benson, and on the part of Great Britain 
Colonel Thomas Barclay. The late Governor Sullivan, of 
Boston, and the late Judge Chipman, of St. John, were the 
respective agents. They met at Halifax in September, 1796, 
and proceeded thence to Passamaquoddy in the execution 
of their commission. In the river Schoodic, and opposite 
to the north-east corner of what is now Robbinston, they 
found an island corresponding in situation and aspect to 
the description given of the island St. Croix by L'Escarbot, 
Charlevoix, and other early writers, and where De Monts's 
party passed the winter in 1604. President Webber, late 



54 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

of Harvard College, who accompanied the commissioners, 
says : "Near the upper end of it were the remains of a very 
ancient fortification overgrown with large trees ; that the 
foundation stones were traced to a considerable extent, and 
that bricks were found there. These remains were, un- 
doubtedly, the relics of De Monts's fortification." It is a 
confirmatory circumstance that clay is known to have been 
found and used there at the first settlement. L'Escarbot 
says that " M. de Potrincourt, when at Port Royal in 1606, 
caused great quantities of bricks to be made, with which he 
made an open furnace." 

On the 25th of October, 1798, they made their report, in 
which they decided that " the mouth of the river St. Croix is 
in Passamaquoddy Bay, at a projection of land called Joe's 
Point, about one mile northward from the northern part of 
St. Andrews Island, and in the latitude of 45" 5' 5" north, 
and in the longitude of 67° 12' 30'' west from London, 3<5 
54' 15" east from Harvard College." Then follows a de- 
scription of a line up the river to its source, where they 
fixed a permanent landmark, now called the "Monument." 

The decision is thus communicated to Congress by the 
President in his opening speech, Dec. 8, 1798: "The com- 
missioners appointed to determine what river was truly 
intended under the name of the river St. Croix mentioned 
in the treaty of peace, and forming a part of the boundary 
therein described, have finally decided that question. On 
the 25th of October last, they made their declaration, that 
a river called Schoodic, which falls into Passamaquoddy 
Bay at its north-western quarter, was the true St. Croix 
intended in the treaty of peace, as far as its great fork, 
where one of its streams comes from the westward, and the 
other from the northward ; and that the latter stream is the 
continuation of the St. Croix to its source. This decision, 
it is understood, will preclude all contention among individ- 



WESTON S HISTORY 



55 



ual complainants with regard to grants of land. A subor- 
dinate question, however, it has been suggested, still re- 
mains to be determined. Between the mouth of the river 
St. Croix, as now settled, and what is usually called the Bay 
of Fundy, lie a number of valuable islands. The commis- 
sioners have not continued the boundary line through any 
channels of these islands ; and, unless the Bay of Passama- 
quoddy is a part of the Bay of Fundy, this further adjust- 
ment will be necessary. But it is apprehended that this will 
not be a matter of any difificulty." 

It will, however, appear in the sequel that the President 
did not exercise his usual sagacity on this " subordinate 
question about which it was apprehended there would be no 
difficulty." Almost twenty years elapsed before it was ad- 
justed ; and the greater part of that time was consumed in 
discussions and negotiations between the two governments, 
— a delay productive in its results of much misery and loss 
of property to the inhabitants of Passamaquoddy. 

In order to settle this question, which still remained at 
issue, — to wit, the title to and jurisdiction over these islands 
(together with the northern and western boundaries), — a 
convention was entered into between Great Britain and the 
United States on the 12th of May, 1803, by which the line 
between the mouth of the St. Croix and the Bay of Fundy 
was agreed upon, and is stated in the first article, as follows : 
"The line hereinafter described shall and hereby is de- 
clared to be the boundary between the mouth of the river 
St. Croix and the Bay of Fundy; that is to say, — a line 
beginning in the middle of the channel of the river St. 
Croix at its mouth (as the same has been ascertained by the 
commissioners appointed for that purpose), thence through 
the middle of the channel between Deer Island on the east 
and north, and Moose Island and Campobello Island on the 
west and south, and round the eastern part of Campobello to 



56 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

the Bay of Fundy, and the islands and waters northward and 
eastward of the said boundary, together with the island of 
Campobello, situate to the southward thereof, are hereby 
declared to be within the jurisdiction, and a part of His 
Majesty's Province of New Brunswick ; and the islands and 
waters southward and westward of the said boundary, except 
only the island of Campobello, are hereby declared to be 
within the jurisdiction and a part of Massachusetts, one of 
the United States." In the instructions to Mr. King, who 
negotiated this convention, is the following sentence : " The 
essential objects to be secured to the United States are the 
jurisdiction of Moose Island, and the common navigation of 
the bay, and of the channels leading towards the sea between 
Deer Island and the island of Campobello." The eighth 
article of this convention contained a provision for the set- 
tlement of the line from the Lake of the Woods to the 
nearest source of the river Mississippi ; but, the Senate of 
the United States not approving of this article, the conven- 
tion was not ratified. 

Messrs. Monroe and Pinkney, on the 31st of December, 
1806, concluded a treaty with the British government, in which 
the boundary line on the eastern frontier was agreed upon in 
nearly the same words ; but President Jefferson, disliking 
some of the provisions contained in it, did not submit it to 
the Senate for their approval. Of course, the whole subject 
remained in statu quo, unsettled and undetermined. 

Had the commissioners who decided which was the St. 
Croix continued the line between the islands to the sea, as 
they were urged to do by the agent of the United States, but 
which they declined " on an idea that their commission ex- 
tended no further than to an authority to find the mouth and 
source of the river," or had the convention or treaty last 
mentioned been ratified, and so the title and jurisdiction 
settled over the islands, the capture of EastjDort during the 



^ Weston's history 57 

late war would not, probably, have taken place ; or, if it had, 
it would have been restored shortly after the peace, and not 
retained for four years, while the title was under discussion. 
Great Britain always considered the islands in this bay as 
absolutely belonging to her ; and during a conference be- 
tween the ministers of the respective governments for nego- 
tiating the late treaty of peace on Aug. 19, 18 14, their 
ministers were asked by ours "what were particularly her 
views with respect to Moose Island, and such other islands 
in the Bay of Passamaquoddy, as had been in our possession 
till the present war, but had been lately captured. They 
were answered that those islands belong of right to Great 
Britain (as much so, said one of the commissioners, as 
Northamptonshire, an inland county in England), they would 
certainly be kept by her, and were not even supposed to be 
an object of discussion." However, under the fourth article 
of the treaty of Ghent, concluded Dec. 24, 18 14, the title to 
and jurisdiction of the islands in the Bay of Passamaquoddy 
were submitted to tv;o commissioners. Colonel Thomas Bar- 
clay on the part of Great Britain, and Hon. John Holmes 
on the part of the United States, who met at St. Andrews 
Sept. 23, 18 1 6, opened the commission, and adjourned from 
time to time, from place to place, till Nov. 24, 181 7, when 
they met in New York and made their final report and 
award, — "that Moose Island, Dudley Island, and Frederic 
Island, in the Bay of Passamaquoddy do belong to the 
United States," and that " all the other islands in that bay, 
and the island of Grand Menan in the Bay of Fundy, belong 
to His Britannic Majesty, in conformity with the true intent 
of the second article in the treaty of 1783." And on the 
30th of June, 18 18, General Miller on behalf of the United 
States, and Colonel Sargent on behalf of Massachusetts, 
received from the British a formal surrender of those islands, 
to the great joy of the inhabitants, who were relieved from 



58 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

the operation of martial law, restored to the exercise of 
their civil rights, and made a component part of a great and 
prosperous nation. 

In connection with the subject of jurisdiction over the 
islands in this bay, particularly Moose Island, I will refer to 
a letter from James Avery, Esq., then of Machias, and an 
officer of excise, to Governor Bowdoin at Boston, dated Aug. 
23, 1785, Among other things, he says: "A few days ago, 
Mr. Wyer, high sheriff for Charlotte County, posted up 
advertisements on Moose Island, directing the inhabitants 
to attend courts at St. Andrews. This alarmed them, as 
they were threatened in case of their refusal, to be deprived 
of their estates. Since this matter has taken place, I was up 
at St. Andrews, and had a long conversation with Mr. Wyer, 
the high sheriff, Mr. Pagan, and other principal persons. 
They say they acted by the advice of Judge Ludlow (then 
chief justice of New Brunswick), who is of opinion that all 
the islands in the Bay of Passamaquoddy belonged to New 
Brunswick, and are determined to support their claim, and 
should the inhabitants refuse to obey their summons, they 
may depend on being punished." Persevering efforts were 
made to extend and exercise jurisdiction here. Constables 
and other officers were appointed by the Court of Sessions 
at St. Andrews ; but I do not find that any offices were 
accepted or that any jurors attended, though required to do 
so. Summonses and other civil processes were sent here 
for service ; and, to test the question, Mr. Samuel Tuttle was 
arrested, carried to St. Andrews, and there committed to 
jail (December, 1785). But he was steady and persevering 
in his refusal to submit to their authority, and after three 
days' confinement was discharged. Several instances oc- 
curred in which the sheriff from St. Andrews attempted to 
serve process here, even after the organization of this county ; 
and once a personal rencojitre took place between the 



WESTON S HISTORY 59 

sheriffs of the two counties, relative to the exercise of their 
respective offices, in which the sheriff of Charlotte County 
reluctantly abandoned his purpose and retired. It appears 
by our town records that a town meeting was called on the 
27th of July, 1801, "To consider on the situation we are in, 
respecting the dispute between Great Britain and the United 
States of America, in regard to the claims of jurisdiction on 
Moose Island, and to take such methods for an explanation 
as may be thought proper and expedient to quiet the inhab- 
itants." No steps, however, appear to have been taken in 
consequence, as the article was passed over at the meeting. 
From this time, the question seems to have rested, so far as 
the people here took a part in it, or were affected by it, till 
the capture of the island, and the subsequent decision under 
the treaty of Ghent. 

Two hundred and thirty years have now elapsed since this 
vicinity was first visited by Europeans with a view to perma- 
nent settlement. 

Long anterior to the actual settlement of the Bay of Passa- 
maquoddy, — which is an Indian name, signifying "pollock 
fish," — its shores, rivers, and inlets had been frequented by 
fishermen, who found an ample remuneration for their labors 
in the abundance of their fare. Formerly, the fur-trade 
also had been a profitable one. But the hunters were so 
multiplied, and the destruction of wild game was so great in 
the northern woods of Maine, that it was found necessary 
to preserve by law the lives of those fine-furred animals 
at seasons when their coats were thin and their offspring 
young; and the General Court, by a law passed June lo, 
1791, made it penal in the sum of ten dollars to kill or take 
any otter, beaver, mink, sable or marten, fisher or black cat, 
lucifer, musquash, or wolverene, from the ist of June to the 
ist of October. The extensive marshes bordering on the 
Narraguagus, Pleasant, and Machias Rivers, and even those 



6o EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

at the head of the Bay of Fundy, were much resorted to for 
the hay they afforded, which was transported to the west- 
ward. Lumber, both as an article of domestic consump- 
tion and for exportation, was early sought. 

Machias, from " Mechises," the Indian name of the river, 
seems to have attracted considerable attention ever since its 
situation first fell under the eye of the visitants, whether 
French or English. In 1633, the Plymouth colonists estab- 
lished a trading-house there. The French attempted a settle- 
ment in 1644, ^^^ since that time. But the effectual settle- 
ment, or rather revival, of this plantation is traced to inci- 
dents which occurred in 1761 and 1762, when it was visited 
by people from Scarborough, for the purpose of cutting hay 
on the marshes. Mill sites were then selected ; and in May, 
1763, sixteen associates removed thither from Scarborough, 
and erected saw-mills on the west branch. In 1765, saw- 
mills were erected on the east branch by B. Foster and 
his neighbors. Before the year 1770, several others were 
erected on both branches, and one on the Middle River ; 
and that year the township was granted to eighty individuals 
by name, so that the place soon rose into importance. It 
was incorporated in 1784, and is the oldest town east of the 
Penobscot River. The first minister of the gospel there was 
Rev. James Lyon, who commenced his labors in 177 1, and 
continued nearly thirty-two years.* The late Judge Jones 
was an acting magistrate there, under King George III., 
prior to the Revolution. 

The first grants of land east of Penobscot River made by 
Massachusetts were in 1762, of twelve townships, three of 
which, now Steuben, Harrington, and Addison, fell within 

*He had a singular defect of vision, being unable to distinguish between the 
colors of black and red ; and he once purchased a piece of scarlet cloth for the purpose 
of making himself a coat, thinking it to be black, until apprised by his wife that it would 
be a much more suitable uniform for a British officer than for a dress coat for a 
clergyman. 



Weston's history 6i 

this county, and were conditional, but were confirmed in 
1785. The whole island of Mount Desert, granted to Gov- 
ernor Bernard in 1762, had been confiscated. One-half, 
however, was restored to his son in 1785, in consequence of 
his unchanging adherence to the American cause during the 
war. An unexpected claim for the rest was made by the 
heirs of La Motte Cadillac, under a patent made to him by 
the French king, in April, 1691. It would have|been too 
obsolete and antiquated to be regarded ; but the government 
was so well disposed " to cultivate mutual confidence and the 
union between the subjects of His Most Christian Majesty 
and the citizens of this State " that the General Court first 
naturalized the petitioners, and then quit-claimed all the 
interest of the State to them, reserving only to actual set- 
tlers lots of one hundred acres each. The same year the 
General Court granted No. 3, now Charlotte, to the repre- 
sentatives of Captain William Tyng and his company, in 
consideration of their services and sufferings during a dan- 
gerous pursuit of the Indian enemy, upon snow-shoes, in the 
first winter of Queen Anne's War, in 1704. In 1786, fifty 
townships between the Penobscot and Schoodic, being about 
eleven hundred thousand acres, were disposed of by lot- 
tery, every ticket at £60 drawing a prize of from half a mile 
square to a whole township. Among these were the towns 
of Cooper, Alexander, Crawford, and others in the eastern 
part of this county. 

In 1782, Courts of Common Pleas were established in the 
several counties in Massachusetts, with jurisdiction of all 
actions above forty shillings, which two years afterward 
was enlarged to four pounds. There being then but three 
counties in Maine, the nearest court was at Pownalborough, 
now Wiscasset. About this time, the people eastward of the 
Penobscot petitioned the General Court to enlarge the juris- 
diction of justices of the peace among them to £10, and to 



62 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

establish the usual County Courts in that quarter, with the 
right of appeal to the Supreme Court at Boston. The 
records of the Supreme Judicial Court were all kept at 
Boston till the year 1797, when they were distributed to the 
several counties. 

The county of Washington was organized in the spring 
of 1790, with a Court of Common Pleas at Machias, which 
sat twicdl a year for three years, after which there was but 
one term annually till 1807, when a second term was added. 

In 1783, the Supreme Court was held once a year in each 
of the counties of York and Cumberland. In 1786 a term 
of that court was established at Wiscasset, in 1800 at Cas- 
tine, and in 182 1 at Machias. There were probably not so 
many inhabitants in the whole county of Washington at its 
organization in 1790 (being 2,758) as there are now in the 
town of Eastport. 

The question of the separation of Maine and Massachu- 
setts was first agitated in 1785. To aid the object, the Fal- 
mouth Gazette was established at Portland, being the first 
newspaper printed in this State. But the project was op- 
posed both by the governor and General Court, and was 
abandoned in 1787, on finding that the votes were only 349 
in favor and 645 against it. It was revived again in 18 16, 
when the votes were for it 11,969, and against it 10,347, 
which not being five-ninths of the whole number given in, it 
did not prevail. It was again called up in 18 19, when the 
votes were: yeas, 9,959; nays, 7,132. A convention was 
called on the nth of October, and a constitution formed, 
which being afterward approved by the people, Maine be- 
came a separate State on the 15th of March, 1820. The 
votes in this town, in 18 19, were for separation 147, and 
against it 5. The town did not act at all in the former 
trials. 

The oldest city in New England, if not in the United 



Weston's history 63 

States, was in the State of Maine. The settlement at 
Agamenticus, now the town of York, was made a city March 
I, 1642, with a mayor, recorder, twelve aldermen, twenty- 
four common councilmen, and other officers. Winthrop, in 
his Journal, contemptuously says they have "lately made 
Agamenticus, a poor village, a corporation, and a tailor 
their mayor." In 1644, a woman was tried in the mayor's 
court for the murder of her husband, condemned and exe- 
cuted. The city lasted about ten years, under the name of 
"Georgina," when it was changed to a town by the name 
of York. 

The earliest permanent settlement in this bay was made 
on Campobello, at Harbor de Lute, or Otter Harbor, as the 
name imports, prior to the Revolutionary War, by the Cam- 
pobello Company and a considerable trade was carried on 
there. St. Andrews was settled about 1784, principally by 
Loyalists from the United States. 

Eastport, Moose Island, is situated in the Bay of Passama- 
quoddy between the mainland, on the westward and south- 
ward, and the British islands of Deer Island, Indian Island, 
and Campobello, on the northward and eastward. It lies 
south-east and north-west, is four and a half miles in length 
from the salt-works to the bridge, and it nowhere exceeds 
one mile and a quarter in breadth. The exterior form is 
extremely irregular ; and its surface is diversified with swells, 
hills, and valleys, containing about nineteen hundred and 
ten acres. It is the smallest town in territorial extent in 
the State. The village is pleasantly situated on the south- 
erly and easterly part of the island facing the harbor, which 
is safe and capacious, being entirely land-locked. It pre- 
sents a fine view, particularly in approaching it from the 
eastward. There is a regular ascent from the water to the 
rear of the village. From the garrison on Fort Hill are pre- 
sented some delightful views and landscapes for the pencil 



64 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

of the painter as well as for the admirers of nature. All ves- 
sels arriving and departing are seen to great advantage, and 
the many islands scattered over the bay add greatly to the 
beauty of the scenery. Todd's Head, so called, is the east- 
ernmost point of land in the United States.* The temper- 
ature is variable, subject to frequent and sudden changes ; 
and in summer, particularly, the air is humid. It is about 
ten degrees warmer in winter and cooler in summer than it 
is at Dennysville or Calais, probably owing to its insular sit- 
uation and prevalence of foggy weather. It is healthy, nor 
is there any disease peculiar to this part of the country. 
The great mass of the population is at present under middle 
age, but there are many instances of longevity among our 
predecessors. It is believed there are now living about 
eighteen persons who were heads of families here in 1800. 
Of these, three are widowers, five widows, and there are five 
instances in which both the husband and wife are living. 
The annual number of deaths, including casualties, is be- 
lieved to be from seventy to seventy-five. 

The earliest settlers of Eastport were principally fisher- 
men from Lynn, Marblehead, Cape Ann, Newburyport, 
Portsmouth, and its vicinity, who located themselves on 
Moose Island for greater convenience in taking and curing 
fish, about the close of the Revolutionary War. Of the 
settlers prior to the year 1790, very few remain; and they 
are tottering under the weight of years. It is worthy of 
remark that, almost without exception, they attained to a 
great age, most of them beyond threescore and ten, and 
several more than fourscore. Mr. Shackford and Mr. Tut- 
tle came here in the fall of 1783, when there were but five 
families on the island, and it is believed still fewer at Lubec. 

*This statement, though in accordance with the general belief at that time, is an 
error. West Quoddy Head (Indian name Cheburn), in Lubec, which was originally a 
part of Eastport, is the real eastern outpost of our country, being more than a mile 
further east than Todd's Head. — k. 



Weston's history 65 

In 1790 there were about twenty-one or twenty-two fami- 
lies on the island ; and the settlers up to that period, and 
even later, were citizens of the United States, with one or 
two exceptions. 

The settlement on the main, now Lubec, was somewhat 
later, and by a different class of persons, being cultivators of 
the soil, and resorting to boat-fishery to supply the defi- 
ciency of their agricultural pursuits. They were from Lynn, 
Goldsborough, and the vicinity of Castine. 

There were also several families from Cumberland, at the 
head of the Bay of Fundy, who, after the unsuccessful attack 
on the fort there, abandoning their homes, property, and 
friends, joined the colonies in the war for independence. 
Two of these yet survive. The rest have descended to the 
grave. The survivors are L. F. Delesdernier, Esq., and 
Captain Benjamin Reynolds, each aged eighty-two years. 

The history of land titles in Eastport and Lubec is differ- 
ent from that of any town in the county, and probably in the 
State. Most of the townships in the State, especially since 
the grant of large tracts, one hundred and fifty to two hun- 
dred years ago, have been granted to individuals, to com- 
panies, or to literary institutions, and fifty disposed of by 
lottery. The township No. 8, now Eastport and Lubec, had 
never been disposed of by the State ; and the settlers for the 
first ten or twelve years were what are usually called squat- 
ters, — that is, persons entering upon and occupying land to 
which they have no title, nor any agreement with the owner 
to purchase, and without his consent. 

By a resolve passed by the General Court, June 18, 1791, 
a committee of five persons was appointed to lay out the 
whole township into lots of one hundred acres each (which 
was done by Mr. Solomon Cushing, between that time and 
1809 or 18 10, in six divisions), so as best to include the 
improvements of each settler. And the land agents gave a 



66 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

deed of a lot to each, on payment of five dollars (and the 
expenses of the survey), and afterward, by subsequent re- 
solves, to later settlers ; then to their sons, and to others so 
late as 1810 or 1812, on payment of the same sum and 
interest. These deeds were given in pursuance of certifi- 
cates granted by the land committee here, so that the title 
to all the lands in Eastport and Lubec is derived directly 
from the State to individuals, except a few lots in Lubec, 
which were not taken up, and which were sold at auction by 
the land agents of Massachusetts and Maine, after the sepa- 
ration. Moose Island, being the first division, was surveyed 
and run out into twenty-four lots. One only of the original 
lots remains entire; and that is still in the hands of the orig- 
inal grantee, Jacob Lincoln. 

It is justly a matter of surprise and regret that the streets 
in the town are so irregular and contracted, and so ill- 
adapted to the wants and conveniences of the inhabitants. 
The reason to be assigned for it is probably this : that the 
early settlers did not look, prospectively, to the growth and 
im^Drovement of the town, and did not anticipate its future 
size and population. They consulted convenience in select- 
ing places for the prosecution of their business rather than 
order and regularity in laying out the town. A log-house 
erected at a small expense, and perhaps a smoke and fish 
house to cure their fish, claimed their first attention, and 
sufficed for them. Their object seemed to be present per- 
sonal convenience ; and they built as that convenience re- 
quired, without looking to the future, till the land, especially 
near the shore, became so valuable that it could not be ob- 
tained for the public accommodation. Besides, they thought 
of no other mode of conveyance or travelling than by water. 
Then boats comprised, or were rather substitutes for, horses 
and carriages of every description ; and I well remember the 
surprise, curiosity, and even fear excited by a horse that was 



Weston's history 67 

brought on the island in 1804.* Foot-paths through the 
woods or stumps were the only communication by land, or 
substitute for highways. The road from the bridge to Den- 
nysville was laid out about 1806. I was the first person who 
went to Machias, the whole distance by land, in August of 
that year. The road to Robbinston was opened two or 
three years later. Before that, it was necessary to go on the 
beach by the shore. 

The first road laid out in Eastport was in 1799, nearly 
twenty years after the first settlement ; but it was done in so 
vague and indefinite a manner that it would be impossible to 
say where it was. The return of the road, as made by the 
selectmen, reads thus : " Beginning at Mr. James Cochran's 
spring, between Captain Prince's house and the house Mr. 
Henry Waid now lives in, and running northerly between 
said Cochran's house and his old hovel, and just to the 
westward of Mr. Samuel Tuttle's barn, through the corner 
of his potato field, to the west corner of Mr. Shackford's field 
— through Mr. Shackford's field west of the new fence — 
through Mr. Boynton's and Mr. Henry Poor's land to the 
notch in Mr. William Clark's mountain, so called — through 
said notch," etc., to the upper end of the island. The next 
was Water Street, from Mr. Shackford's to Mr. Todd's north 
line (near the poorhouse), in October, 1803, twenty-four feet 
wide. Boynton Street was laid out in 1804, Key Street in 
1805, Washington Street in 1807. Gates and bars were 
suffered to remain across the roads till the spring of 1808, 
when, by a vote of the town, they were ordered to be re- 
moved. There are now about twelve miles of roads and 
streets in the town, covering about fifty-nine acres. 

* Samuel Jones, of Robbinston, swam his horse across the channel from Pleasant 
Point to Carlow's Island, and rode along the bars and beaches and through the woods 
to town. The late O. S. Livermore told me of his going with other children to see the 
strange animal in a barn, and that one little fellow, who saw Mr. Jones pass, ran home 
shouting to his mother, "There goes a man sitting on a cow that ain't got any 
horns." — k. 



68 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

A gradual and, at certain periods, a rapid increase in 
wealth and population has taken place from the first settle- 
ment. The plantation No. 8 was incorporated into a town 
by the name of Eastport in February, 1798, and included 
Lubec, which was set off as a separate town in June, 181 1. 
It is the fifth town incorporated in the county. There are 
now thirty towns. The number of families in 1785 was ten 
or twelve, and the number of inhabitants about seventy-five. 
In 1790 there were about twenty-one or twenty-two families 
on Moose Island, and twelve to fifteen on the mainland, 
and 244 inhabitants, having more than trebled in five years. 
In 1800 there were 563, having more than doubled in ten 
years; in 1810, 1,511 having almost trebled in ten years. 
In 1820, Eastport had 1,937, and Lubec 1,430, making 
3,367, more than double in these ten years. In 1830, East- 
port had 2,450, and Lubec 1,535, making 3,985, — exhibit- 
ing a gain, in the last ten years, of seven and one-third per 
cent, in Lubec, and of twenty-six and one-half per cent, in 
Eastport. 

About ten or twelve years elapsed before a framed dwell- 
ing-house was erected in the town. The first was built by 
a Mr. Curr}^, near where the Widow Herrington now lives, 
but was soon taken down. The next was built by Mr. 
Shackford, and was standing till very recently. The oldest 
house now standing is believed to be in Water Street, near 
the bottom of Boynton Street. The first two-story dwelling- 
houses were those built by Captain Leavitt near the salt- 
works, and by Colonel Shead, now Mr. Nathan Bucknam's, 
in the year 1802 ; the next by Mr. Earl, now Mr. Jacob 
Gould's, and by Mr. Hayden in 1805 ; the fifth by Judge 
Burgin, now General Peavey's, in 1807.* 

♦The Hayden house has been modernized by General S. D, Leavitt, who now owns 
and occupies it; and the changes in the Shead house by its present owner, Mr. E. A. 
Hohnes, have nearly destroyed its identity. None of the other houses mentioned are 
now standing. — k. 



Weston's history 69 

There are no data to show the progressive improvements 
and cultivation of the land, either as to the manner or quan- 
tity. The valuations of 1800, 18 10, and 1820 for State pur- 
poses cannot be found. 

The account of property, as taken in the summer of 1830, 
for the State valuation, states it to be 126 acres of tillage, 
yielding 15 bushels of corn, 530 of oats, and 9,636 bushels of 
potatoes ; 358 acres of mowing, producing 304 tons of hay ; 
482 acres of pasturage, 218 of wood-land, 488 of unim- 
proved land, 139 acres of waste or unimprovable land, and 
about 40 acres in house lots, gardens, etc. ; 209 dwelling- 
houses, 72 barns, 34 stores and shops, 11 warehouses, 2 
brick-yards, i ship-yard, 117,530 superficial feet of wharf, 45 
horses, 25 pair of oxen, 150 cows, 23 young cattle, loi sheep. 
There are now about fifteen dwelling-houses standing, of 
those built thirty years ago. 

Great attention has been bestowed on the subject of edu- 
cation. Primary instruction in our schools has been an 
object of paramount consideration, and carefully attended 
to by the inhabitants, to the full extent of their ability. The 
town was early divided into school districts, of which there 
were three on Moose Island. The inhabitants on the main- 
land objecting to raise much money by the town for schools, 
as they could not be mucl^ benefited by it, owing to their 
thin and scattered population, application was made to the 
General Court for power to raise money by the districts on 
Moose Island, for the support of schools, in addition to the 
sums raised by the town, which was granted by an act 
passed Feb. 28, 1807, the first of the kind ever passed, but 
which has since been followed by many similar ones in dif- 
ferent parts of the State. There are four public school- 
houses in the south school district, which embraces all that 
part of the town southward of the old burying-ground ; and 
money has been raised for building a fifth. There are also 



70 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

four private school-houses, besides the two in Trescott Hall, 
where instruction is given in the higher branches of educa- 
tion, to youth of both sexes, separate from each other. But 
all these are inadequate to the accommodation of the 
scholars, and several rooms in private houses are occupied 
as places of instruction. The number of scholars between 
the ages of four and twenty-one is in the north district, 70 ; 
in the middle district, 84; in the south district, 970, making 
a total of 1,124. 

Connected with the subject of education, I would men- 
tion the Eastport Athenaeum, now an incorporated institu- 
tion,* commenced about thirteen years since by a few young 
men, who associated for the purpose of procuring some of 
the best periodical publications of the day, as well as stand- 
ard works of literature and taste, under the name of the 
" Club." Their numbers soon increased, and there are now 
about forty members, with a well-selected library of about 
nine hundred volumes, which is annually increasing; and 
a considerable number of elegant and spirited engravings 
adorn their room. It is highly creditable to the proprietors 
and beneficial to the public, by diffusing information and 
creating a taste for reading in the community. 

There are two printing-offices, one established in 18 18, 
the other in 1828, each of which has since issued a weekly 
newspaper;! and, connected with one of these a reading- 
room, where may be found papers printed in most of the 
States in the Union. 

In 1794, a house for public worship was erected by a few 
individuals, at the bend of the road, a little north of the 
burying-ground, and religious instruction given there till 

*This extensive collection of books, with the exception of a few volumes which are 
now in the Eastport Public Library, was destroyed in the fire of 1864.— k. 

t The Eastport Sentinel, estabhshed in 1818, is still published. But the Northern 
Light, started in 1828, after a few years was transferred to Calais, and absorbed by the 
Frontier Journal, which was discontinued several years later.— k. 



WESTON S HISTORY 7 I 

18 14, — not, however, permanently, but by missionaries and 
itinerant preachers ; and, for a number of years, probably one- 
half the hearers were from the mainland and neighboring 
islands. On the 21st of August, 1800, a town meeting was 
held, " to see if the town will agree to give Mr. James Mur- 
phy, of Steuben, a call to settle in said town as minister of 
the gospel, and maintain him by a town tax." The vote on 
the question was in the negative. 

In 1807, an association of eighteen persons, without re- 
gard to theological differences of opinion, purchased a lot 
of land where the Baptist meeting-house now stands, and 
procured material for a large house of public worship ; but 
the passage of the embargo laws in the winter of 1807-S 
defeated the object, and the materials were disposed of. 
In 181 1, a similar association purchased the land where the 
Unitarian meeting-house now stands, and agreed with a Mr. 
Hovey to erect a house there in 18 12. The house was 
framed at Machias, and nearly prepared for raising ; but the 
declaration of war in June, 18 12, again defeated the object. 
The Unitarian and Free-will Baptist meeting-houses were 
erected in 1819; the Baptist house, in 1820; the Central 
meeting-house and Roman Catholic chapel, in 1828. 

The Rev. Hosea Wheeler was settled over the Baptist 
church and society Oct. 9, 1822, and died Jan. 27, 1823. 
The Rev. Charles Robinson was ordained over the Unita- 
rian society Oct. 30, 1822, and dismissed by mutual consent 
April 5, 1828. The Rev. Wakefield Gale was ordained over 
the Central church and society Feb. 19, 1829. The Rev. 
Edward H. Edes was ordained over the Unitarian church 
and society Nov. 15, 1832. The two last named still con- 
tinue their pastoral relations. There has been no other 
settled minister in the town. The other societies are usually 
supplied from year to year, or by missionaries, without a 
permanent settlement. 



72 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

The oldest church is the Baptist, organized Aug. 8, 1798, 
and has about one hundred and fifteen members. The other 
Baptist church was organized April 30, 18 16, and has about 
one hundred and fifteen members ; the Central church, 
Feb. 8, 1819, and has about sixty-seven members; and the 
Unitarian, the 25th of February, 182 1, and has about forty 
members. 

No documents remain to show the expenditures or ex- 
penses of the plantation, prior to the incorporation of 
the town, or, indeed, the amount raised or expended for 
any purpose till the year 1799. In that year, it was voted 
to raise $50 for powder and camp equipage, $13.60 for 
sealed weights and measures, and $30 for expense of town 
officers, etc. In 1800, $50 was voted for town charges. 
For ten years after the town was incorporated, all bills 
against the town were examined, and allowed at the annual 
town meetings. In 1801, the amount allowed was $15.91, 
which included $8 for recording births and deaths; in 1802, 
$16.78; in 1803, $82.49, including $35 for one pauper; in 
1804, $63.33, including $24.48 for one pauper; in 1805, 
$111.64, including $68.14 for poor; in 1806, $83.68, includ- 
ing $28.93 for one pauper. In 1807, the total was $125.04; 
and in 1808, $117.42. These sums included all but what 
w^as raised for roads, schools, etc. In 18 10, ijw per cent, 
discount was allowed to those living on Moose Island, and 
37k P^^ cent, to those on the main, on payment of their 
taxes within thirty days. 

The annual State tax for this town, up to 1800, was $20; 
thence to 1810, $78.66; from 1810 to 1820, $120.89. 
Since the separation from 1820 to 1830, the average has 
been $390.42 ; and, since 1830, $327.87 annually. The 
annual average of the county tax up to 1820 cannot be ascer- 
tained with any degree of accuracy. From 1820 to 1830, the 
lowest was $507.34, the highest $931.92, and the annual 



WESTON S HISTORY 73 

average $665.85. During these ten years, this town paid 
more than one-sixth part of the whole county taxes. Since 
1830, the annual average has been $481.09. The ratio 
has increased from one-fourth of one per cent, to $1.0097, 
or nearly two per cent, on the valuation or inventory, 
besides the poll-taxes. For the last fifteen years, the low- 
est tax assessed on the town was $3,776.02, the highest 
$7,498.04, exhibiting an aggregate of $78,652.59, and an 
average of $5,243.50 for each year. These sums, however, 
do not include what is paid for the support of the ministry, 
for private schools, and the great variety of other purposes 
for which money is voluntarily paid or contributed, and 
which probably amounts to an equal sum. 

The state of political feeling was very fluctuating for 
several years after the incorporation of the town. The first 
vote was for State officers in April, 1799, when Strong, the 
Federal candidate, received the whole twenty-eight for gov- 
ernor; in 1800, Strong eleven, and his opponent, Gerry, 
twenty-nine. In 1801, Strong received the whole forty-four; 
in 1802, Strong twenty-two, and Gerry nine. In 1803, 
Strong received the whole forty-six ; yet in November of the 
same year the votes for elector of President were thirty to 
five on the other side. Again, in 1804 Strong received the 
whole thirty-eight; in 1805, Strong twenty-three, Sullivan 
thirty-two. In 1806, Strong and Sullivan each twenty-seven. 
From 1807 to 18 13 there was a Democratic majority, nearly 
as three to two. In 18 14, Strong had sixty-eight votes, one 
m.ore than his opponent, Mr. Dexter. The highest number 
of votes given was in 18 12, being one hundred and seventy- 
three. Eastport was first represented in the legislature of 
Massachusetts in 1807 by Colonel Shead, and again in 1809 
and 1810; in 181 1, by Messrs. Shead and Delesdernier; in 
1812, by Messrs. Delesdernier and Leland ; in 1813, by Mr. 
Weston; and, in 1819, by Mr. Bartlett. 



74 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

The town has not been exempt from loss of property and 
life by fire, though it has suffered less than might have been 
expected from its exposure to that element. The first build- 
ing burned was a log-house, near the late Mr. Kendall's, in 
which a child of the late Mr. Waid was burned. The next 
was the house of Joseph Prince, Esq.,* on the site of the 
one occupied by Mr. Rice at the salt-works, in which Mr. 
Prince and two of his children were burned (February, 1803). 
The rest were the guard-house, in the winter of 1814 or 1815, 
in which two soldiers were burned ; the stores of the late Mr. 
Kendall and the large one of Mr. Hathaway ; the houses of 
Mr. Bowman, Mr. Norwood, Mr. Whitney, Mrs. Trask, Mr. 
Pote, and of S. Bucknam, Esq., also a school-house standing 
on the site of the large one in High Street. The aggregate 
loss of property by fire is estimated at about $12,000 to 
$15,000. 

The records of the town present some singular entries. 
At a meeting held in 1798, it was "voted that money should 
be raised for procuring powder, balls, flints, and camp-ket- 
tles, agreeable to law, for the militia and defence of the 
town." "Voted, there shall be sixpence in the pound al- 
lowed the collector, receiving and paying such money, as 
comes into his hands for taxes." But no money was actu- 
ally raised during the year for any purpose whatever. At 
the same meeting, the record proceeds, " a letter was pre- 
sented to the moderator from the foreman of the grand jury, 
informing the selectmen that a presentment had been made 
against the town for neglecting to procure ammunition, etc., 
according to law. After some conversation respecting the 
subject, it was voted that the selectmen answer the letter in 
behalf of the town, and that the inhabitants view it as an 
insult that any such presentment should be made in so short 

*Mrs. Prince and two little girls escaped. One of the latter became the wife of 
Ebenezer Everett, Esq., of Brunswick, Me.; and their son, Rev. C. C. Everett, D.D.^ 
is Dean of the Theological School of Harvard College. — k. 



WESTON S HISTORY 75 

a time after incorporation, when every exertion had been 
made to furnish such requisitions, some of which are actually- 
laid in ; and that this sentiment of the inhabitants should be 
entered upon the records." On the same day is the follow- 
ing entry in the records : " The Selectmen called upon the 
meeting to bring in their votes, when upon their being 
sorted and counted, the candidates and votes stood as fol- 
lows, viz., Henry Dearborn thirty votes, Silas Lee no votes ; 
when the Selectmen proclaimed Henry Dearborn a major- 
ity of the town." But no mention is made of any office. 
Again, the record of another meeting is as follows : " The 
wind being violent and boisterous prevented the meeting at 
the time appointed, on motion and seconded, Mr. Oliver 
Shead was chosen moderator," etc. I will make one more 
extract of some interest from the records. From 1800 to 
181 o, inclusive, there were one hundred and eighty-one 
couples published, being an average of sixteen and one-half 
couples each year. From 18 10 to 1820, two hundred and 
twenty-seven couples ; average, twenty-two and seven-tenths. 
From 1820 to 1830, three hundred and thirty-seven couples; 
average, thirty-three and seven-tenths. For the last three 
years, one hundred and thirty-five couples ; average, forty- 
five, — making a grand total of eight hundred and eighty 
couples. 

A bridge connecting Moose Island with the mainland at 
Perry was built in 1820. Its length is upward of twelve 
hundred feet, and it cost $10,000. A second, connecting the 
island with the main at Pleasant Point by Carlow's Island, 
built in 1832, is about nineteen hundred and two feet in 
length, and cost $10,000. 

Fort Sullivan was built in 1808, under the superintendence 
of the late Major Trescott ; and a company of United States 
troops were first stationed here in the spring of that year, 
under the command of Captain Swett. Large additions 



76 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

were made to the works by the British, after the capture of 
the island. Many of these additions have, however, since 
been removed. 

A post-office was established at Passamaquoddy in 1794, 
and Mr. Delesdernier appointed postmaster, who kept his 
office at the Narrows (Luke Point). The mail then came 
once a fortnight. It was necessarily brought on foot, and the 
carrier's coat-pocket answered all the purposes of a modern 
mail-bag. That office was discontinued in 1805. A post- 
office was established on the island in 1802, and Colonel 
Shead appointed postmaster. The mail then arrived weekly. 
In 1813 it arrived twice, in 182 1 three times a week, and in 
1833 daily. 

Extensive salt-works were established at the southern ex- 
tremity of the island in 1828, where are manufactured more 
than one thousand bushels of salt daily from the mineral, 
imported in its crude state. These works give employment 
to a great number of hands, and circulate a very considera- 
ble amount among the laboring class of the community. 

The district of Passamaquoddy was established in 1790, 
and L. F. Delesdernier (who had previously been naval offi- 
cer under Massachusetts) was appointed collector. On the 
I St of July, 1803, it was made a port of entry for foreign 
vessels. In 1804 there were only three vessels owned in 
Eastport, then including Lubec, altogether about eighty-five 
tons. In 1810, the number of vessels or tonnage cannot be 
ascertained. In 1820, the number of vessels is not known; 
but the number of tons was six hundred and twenty-three. 
In 1830 there were twenty-eight vessels, exceeding three 
thousand tons. After the island was given up by the Brit- 
ish, in 18 18 to 1830, and chiefly within eight or nine years 
of the last date, there were built on the island twenty-one 
vessels, measuring twenty-two hundred and eight tons and 
averaging one hundred and five tons each ; and in other 



WESTON'S HISTORY 77 

parts of the district, in the same period, twenty-six vessels, 
measuring thirty-eight hundred, averaging one hundred and 
forty-six tons each, — in all exceeding six thousand tons. 
During the last three years there were built in the whole 
district forty-two vessels, averaging one hundred and fifty- 
one tons each, making an aggregate of six thousand three 
hundred and sixty-one tons. On the ist of January last 
there were permanently registered, enrolled, and licensed in 
this district three ships, sixteen brigs, eighty schooners, nine 
sloops, one steamboat, making in all one hundred and nine 
vessels and ten thousand one hundred and eighty tons. It 
will be a matter of surprise to many to learn that, with all 
the trade and business of the place, only three vessels en- 
tered here from any foreign port or place, except the adjoin- 
ing British provinces, till after July, 182 1. These were the 
sloop "Sumner," in 1804 or 1805, from the West Indies, 
with rum, sugar, etc. ; the brig " Eliza Ann " from Cadiz, 
in 1816, in ballast; and the British ship " Protector " from 
Liverpool, in 1820, with salt. 

Since 182 1, the foreign trade has greatly increased. The 
following table exhibits the number of entries at the custom- 
house, and the tonnage, both of American and foreign ves- 
sels, for the last ten years, the most part from the provinces, 
the remainder from Liverpool and the West Indies : — 





American 




Foreign 




Total 


Years. 


Entries. 


Tons. 


Entries. 


Tons. 


Entries. 


1S24 


139 


7,333-12 


5 


94374 


144 


1S25 


180 


9,77770 


16 


1,362.27 


196 


1826 


237 


18,107.03 


49 


2,357-54 


286 


1827 


169 


9,794.08 


24 


2,153.72 


193 


1828 


164 


10,957.24 


8 


2,374-47 


172 


1829 


161 


13,764.27 


12 


3,452.86 


^73 


1830 


228 


17,651.50 


182 


i3>334-i8 


410 


1831 


30 


3,800.87 


886 


56,076.90 


916 


1832 


44 


3,77376 


1,090 


66,987.76 


1,134 


1833 


36 


3'957-49 


1,784 


108,659.07 


1,820 



■78 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

The great decrease of the number of entries of American 
vessels, and the still greater increase of British vessels, is 
owing to the admission of the British vessels on the same 
terms as our own, which commenced October, 1830. Dur- 
ing the last year, the foreign arrivals at Portland were one 
hundred and sixty-seven, at Boston one thousand and sixty- 
seven, at New York one thousand nine hundred and twenty- 
five. 

There are two periods in the history of Eastport which 
seem to require a more particular notice. I refer to those 
of the embargo laws and the late war. 

The embargo law passed Dec. 22, 1807, which put a stop 
to foreign trade, and was succeeded by four others, each 
increasing the restrictions till April, 1808, when the coasting 
trade was almost annihilated. It was at first supposed that 
its operation would be extremely prejudicial to the trade 
and interests of the place. The facilities offered for export- 
ing property across the lines, and thereby evading the law, 
were very great. Consequently, immense quantities of bread- 
stuffs and provisions were brought here before the enforcing 
act, as it was called, passed. Thirty thousand barrels ar- 
rived here in one week, and the estimate of one hundred and 
fifty thousand barrels in about two months is thought to be 
below the actual quantity piled on wharves, etc. Notwith- 
standing the vigilance of the officers of the customs, the 
whole was transported across the lines. Many thousand 
barrels were carried to Indian Island and Campobello, at 
$1 a barrel. It had a very bad effect on the morals and 
habits of the people. It lowered the standard of morals, and 
introduced some vicious habits, which often attend sudden 
acquisitions of property. The transactions of that period 
gave importance to the place abroad, and a celebrity and 
reputation of a character somewhat suspicious, if smuggling 
and illicit trade be taken into consideration. 



WESTON S HISTORY 79 

But the event most distressing in its operation and most 
injurious in its consequences was the capture of the island 
by the British. War was declared June i8, 1812; and the 
news of it, which reached here in about a week, occasioned 
a general panic. About one-third of the inhabitants left 
the island in the course of a few days ; but two years having 
elapsed, and a good understanding maintained with our 
neighbors on the British side, it was hoped that we might 
escape the more immediate calamities of the war. On the 
nth of July, 18 14, a fleet was seen coming round Campo- 
bello by Head Harbor, which at first was supposed to be 
a fleet of merchant-men or timber ships, bound to St. An- 
drews under the convoy of a frigate. When arrived as far 
as Indian Island, a sloop of war was despatched ahead, with 
a flag of truce. A boat landed from her with an officer, who 
repaired to the fort with a summons to surrender ; and five 
minutes were allowed the commanding officer (Major Put- 
nam) to consider, and accept or refuse the terms offered. 
That term having expired, the officer returned on board. 
The colors were hauled down, and the place was surren- 
dered. In the mean time, the vessels, about ten in number, 
including the " Ramillie " seventy-four, a sloop of war, a 
brig, and two or three armed schooners, with the transports 
for the troops, anchored off the town, in commanding sit- 
uations, to commence the attack, should it become neces- 
sary. The American troops (about sixty-five) marched out 
of the garrison in rear of the officers' quarters, and grounded 
their arms. The officers were paroled, and the men sent 
prisoners of war to Halifax. The naval force was com- 
manded by Sir T. M. Hardy ; and the land forces, consist- 
ing of the One Hundred and Second Regiment, and a 
detachment of the artillery and engineers, by Colonel Pilk- 
ington. The troops were immediately set to work on the 
fortifications, which were greatly enlarged ; and they con- 



8o EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

tinued till the frost prevented them in December, and, being 
without barracks, were obliged to live in tents till some time 
in January. The real estate of non-residents was taken pos- 
session of, and occupied by the officers and troops. Private 
property was generally respected. 

For four years, all civil process was suspended, martial 
law was the only law in force, and citizens as well as sol- 
diers were subject to its operation. All suits and com- 
plaints were heard and decided in a summary manner by the 
commanding officer, whose decision was final, and the 
debtor or delinquent turned over to Sergeant Crook, the 
town sergeant, or to the guard-house, till the debt or fine 
was paid. There was none of the law's delay, whatever 
there might be of its uncertainty or injustice in the deci- 
sions. 

At the time of the capture there were in the custom-house 
bonds for duties for many thousand dollars, which fell into 
the hands of the captors. The payment of these bonds they 
endeavored to enforce against the obligors, among whom 
were the principal merchants of the place. The last of 
March, 1815, the marshal came from Halifax for the purpose 
of arresting them ; but, by a timely flight, all but one escaped. 
These refugees^ having large interests at stake which they 
were unwilling to abandon, and under the uncertainty of 
what might be the decision as to the title and jurisdiction of 
the island, commenced business at the point in Lubec, which 
was then a forest, and but one house (Mr. D.'s) within a 
mile of the Narrows.* The village grew up rapidly ; and 
three and a half years afterward, when the island was re- 
stored, it had acquired so firm a hold as to compete with 
Eastport for the trade of the district. This competition 
between the two places was essentially injurious to both. 

*This endeavor to enforce the payment of the duty-bonds was the sole cause of the 
settlement at Lubec Point. 



WESTON S HISTORY 



8l 



It would probably have been more beneficial to the trade 
of Passamaquoddy, and a saving of money, eventually, if 
the whole capital vested in real estate at the Point when the 
island was restored had been abandoned and lost, and the 
undivided and combined operations of the whole commercial 
community concentrated here. 








CHAPTER II. 
THE STORY OF THE BOUNDARY LINE. 

BY W. H. KILBY. 

There is a descriptive name which, though rarely heard in 
these days, was in common use in the early years of the cen- 
tury in this community, and in other parts of the country in 
describing this section. In Western Maine or Massachusetts, 
a person coming to this region was said to have gone down 
to " The Lines " ; and here in our streets one was continu- 
ally hearing of vessels being discharged, or smugglers caught, 
off on "The Lines." These lines, or rather this line, was the 
boundary which, starting at our very doors, and then stretch- 
ing away northward, divides the territory of the United States 
from that of the North American dependencies of Great 
Britain ; and it is the purpose of these sketches to trace the 
history of this boundary line. 

The treaty of peace which closed the Revolutionary War 
was negotiated at Paris on the 23d of September, 1783, be- 
tween the representatives of the United States and those of 
Great Britain, of which Article 11 reads as follows : — 

"And that all disputes which might arise in the future on 
the subject of the boundaries of the United States may be 
prevented, it is agreed and declared that the following are 
and shall be their boundaries — viz. — from the northwest 
angle of Nova Scotia — viz. — that angle which is formed by 
a line drawn due north from the source of the St. Croix 
River, to the highlands, along said highlands which divide 
those rivers which empty themselves into the River St. Law- 



THE BOUNDARY LINE 83 

rence, from those which fall into the Atlantic Ocean, to the 
north-western head of Connecticut River." (Then follows a 
description of the line along the forty-fifth parallel; through 
the great lakes, down the Mississippi, the other side of which 
it will be remembered was French territory ; through the 
Gulf of Mexico to the Peninsula of Florida, the southern 
part of which belonged to Spain, and across to the head of 
St. Mary's River.) " Then down along the middle of St. 
Marys River to the Atlantic Ocean, east by a line to be 
drawn along the middle of the River St. Croix from its 
mouth in the Bay of Fundy to its source, and from its source 
directly north to the aforesaid highlands which divide the 
waters that fall into the Atlantic from those that fall into 
the River St. Lawrence, comprehending all islands within 
twenty leagues of the shores of the United States, and lying 
between lines to be drawn due east from the points where 
the aforesaid boundaries between Nova Scotia, on the one 
part, and East Florida, shall respectively touch the Bay of 
Fundy and the Atlantic Ocean, excepting such islands as 
now are or have heretofore been within the limits of the 
Province of Nova Scotia." 

In the light of subsequent history, we can see how futile 
were the expectations that the carefully worded provisions of 
this treaty w^ould prevent disputes in relation to the bounda- 
ries of the United States, as the preamble of this section so 
fondly hopes. The short eastern frontier ran through a com- 
paratively unknown region ; and in its description the arbitra- 
tors seem to have packed a perfect Pandora's box, full of the 
elements of discord and strife. Which was the true St. 
Croix ? Where was its mouth, and where its source ? What 
islands within twenty leagues not already included in the 
limits of Nova Scotia ? Where were the highlands which 
divide the waters emptying into the river St. Lawrence from 
those which fall into the Atlantic Ocean ? And especially 






84 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

where was that ignis fatuus of diplomacy, the north-west angle 
of Nova Scotia, which nobody ever put foot or finger upon, 
and never could be found ? Disputes upon these points 
began when the ink upon the treaty which described them 
was hardly dry, and continued through interminable conten- 
tion and debates, whole libraries of correspondence and 
reports, several diplomatic conventions, and one real and 
one bloodless war, until — nearly threescore years from the 
beginning — Mr. Webster in 1842 concluded the Ashburton 
treaty, which closed the last item of dispute, and fixed the 
boundary line as it now stands. 

The story of the early French discovery of this region, and 
the first attempts at settlement, is familiar to most readers of 
history, and needs only to be briefly noticed here. An expe- 
dition set out from Havre-de-Grace in France on the 7th of 
April, 1604, under the command of Sieur de Monts ; and of 
this Samuel Champlain, whose memory is preserved in the 
lake which bears his name, which was discovered on a later 
expedition up the St. Lawrence, was pilot. Crossing the 
Atlantic, they sighted Sable Island on the ist of May, and, 
after touching at various places on the shore of Nova Scotia, 
arrived on the 24th of June, St. John's Day, at the river to 
which they gave the name of that saint. From there they 
sailed to four islands, where they found large numbers of 
birds called magpies. So they named them the Isles of Mar- 
gos, and we now call them the Wolves. Farther west they 
saw other islands, among them one of six leagues' length, 
called by the natives Manthane (Grand Manan). They then 
proceeded to a river on the mainland called the River of the 
Etechemins, after the tribe of savages which inhabited the 
region. The voyagers were impressed with the number and 
beauty of the islands among which they passed, the capacity 
of the harbors, and the abundance and variety of fish found 
in the waters. 



THE BOUNDARY LINE 85 

Entering the river, and sailing west north-west a league or 
two, they found two islands which, by their situation and the 
ease with which they could be defended, seemed to offer an 
advantageous location for settlement ; and they decided to 
establish themselves there. To the larger island Sieur de 
Monts gave the name of the Isle of St. Croix. Two leagues 
further up they found a waterfall or rapids, at the foot of 
which, in May and June, herrings and bass were found in 
such great numbers that vessels could be loaded with them ; 
and Indians came at that season for five or six weeks for the 
purpose of catching fish. The Frenchmen began immedi- 
ately to build fortifications and mount cannon on the island, 
and then to put up storehouses and dwellings. A view of 
these buildings, as well as a minute map of the island and 
vicinity, illustrate the history of " Champlain's Voyages," 
which was published at Paris in 1613. This work has been 
reprinted in English by the Prince Society of Boston, with 
fac-similes of the original illustrations, which enable us at 
this day to see what an extensive and well-arranged estab- 
lishment was there set up. Gardens were also laid out, and 
all the necessary plans were made for a permanent settle- 
ment ; but, before they were ready, winter came upon them 
unexpectedly, and snow fell on the 6th of October. They had 
a hard winter. Having no cellars, everything froze. Water 
failed on the island, and had to be brought from the main- 
land ; and by and by scurvy broke out, and before spring, out 
of sevent3^-nine who composed the party, thirty-five died and 
twenty more had been at the point of death. These reverses 
disheartened the leaders ; and they decided to abandon the 
place, which they did early in August, removing to Port 
Royal (Annapolis), and taking portions of their buildings 
with them. 

The annals of the French voyageurs make occasional men- 
tion of the place during the next few years; but in 16 13, 



86 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

when Samuel Argyl of Virginia was on an expedition east- 
ward for the purpose of inflicting damage upon the French 
settlements, he visited St. Croix, and destroyed what there 
was left of the buildings erected by De Monts and his asso- 
ciates. The place then seemed to pass out of memory; and, 
though the name of St. Croix lingered about the region, there 
does not appear to be any definite account of the island being 
visited during the next one hundred and fifty years. So, 
although the river St. Croix was considered the dividing line 
between Acadia and New England, and, after the French 
rule ceased in the former, became the boundary between the 
provinces of Nova Scotia and Massachusetts Bay, the knowl- 
edge about the locality grew to be very hazy and indefinite; 
and, as will be seen further on, when it became necessary to 
decide the matter, the problem was found to be by no means 
an easy or simple one. 

The old maps of Southack and of Mitchell made the Maga- 
guadavic the true St. Croix ; Morris, a surveyor sent out by 
Governor Parr of Nova Scotia in 1765, fixed its location at 
the Cobscook ; and the claim was sometimes made that the 
real St. Croix was to be found in the Penobscot. Of this 
latter theory it is remembered that that stanch old Loyalist, 
Captain Alpheus Pine, who half a century ago kept the 
Quoddy House at Eastport, was an energetic champion. 

I have before me as I write an old book of twenty odd 
sheets of unruled paper fastened together. It is brown with 
age, but has been well preserved. The columns of courses 
and distances, the rude sketches of shores and headlands, 
and the various memoranda show it to be a surveyor's 
record, a field book; and it has a sort of title-page, as fol- 
lows : — 

A seald book of the Sea Coasts from the West passage of 
passimaquody Island to the Eastward of Harbor leeteet, with the 
angles of part of the River of passimaquody and part of the angles 



THE BOUNDARY LINE 87 

of the River St. Croix and also the places of the Islands Between 
the afore sd West passage and sd Harbor leeteet Taken by John 
Mitchell and Israel Jones in 1764. 

This quaint manuscript, a hundred and twenty years old, 
records the original survey made by Mitchell, which was often 
appealed to in the controversy about our boundary line. Its 
authenticity is guaranteed by an array of certificates at the 
end. First comes that of John Mitchell, himself relating 
the circumstances under which the survey was made, then of 
William White, Justice of Peace of Rockingham County, 
before whom the deposition was taken, of Joseph Pearson, 
Secretary of State, certifying to the validity of White's ap- 
pointment, and of John Taylor Oilman, Governor, confirming 
the authority of Pearson, with the seal of the State of New 
Hampshire attached on the ninth day of August, 1796, in the 
twenty-first year of the independence of the United States. 

Mitchell's certificate is as follows : — 

I the subscriber an inhabitant of Chester in the state of New 
Hampshire, voluntarily make the following declaration — To wit. 
That I was employed by His Excellency Francis Bernard Esq. 
Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay in April 1764, as 
a Surveyor, in company with Mr. Israel Jones as my deputy, Mr. 
Nathan Jones, as commanding officer, of a party of troops, and 
Captain Fletcher as Indian interpreter, to repair, to the Bay of 
Passaquoddi, to assemble the Indians usually residing there, and 
from them, to ascertain the River known by the name of the St. 
Croix. We accordingly assembled upwards of forty of the prin- 
cipal Indians, upon an Island then called L'Atereel in said Bay of 
Passamaquoddi — After having fully and freely conversed with 
them, upon the subject of our mission, the chief commissioned 
three Indians to shew us the said river St. Croix, which is situated 
nearly six miles north, and about three degrees east of Harbour 
L'Tete, and East North East, of the Bay or River Scudac, and 
distant from it about nine miles on a right line. The aforesaid 
three Indians after having shewn us the river, and being duly 



88 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

informed of the nature -and importance of an oath, did in a solemn 
manner depose to the truth of their information respecting the 
identity of the said River St. Croix, and that it was the ancient 
and only river known amongst them by that name. We proceeded 
conformably to this information in our Surveys, and in August fol- 
lowing I delivered to Governor Bernard three plans of the said 
river St. Croix, and the said Bay of Passamaquoddi. 

Another certificate of Captain Mitchell says : — 

The River which I marked on my map as the St. Croix, is the 
most easterly river that I know of between the Passamaquoddi 
and the St. Johns, and yet there are two small rivers between the 
Saint Croix and Passamaquoddi. 

L'Atereel, their place of rendezvous, we now know as 
Indian Island. Its Indian name was Jeganagoose. In Sulli- 
van's History of the District of Maine, published in 1795, it 
is stated that 

In the year 1704, when Colonel Church made an attack on a 
French plantation on the River Shooduck, he found one Lutterelle, 
a French nobleman, on one of these islands and removed him. 
The island still retains the Frenchman's name. There was also 
on a point, which forms one side of the entrance of Shooduck 
River, in the place below where General Lincoln's plantation now 
is, a French Lady's settlement which she abandoned in those times 
and took refuge in Ouebeck; but the place has the appellation 
which she save it. 



is' 



This shows where the name L'Atereel came from, and also 
the origin of Pleasant Point, though the lady must have 
called it by the French equivalent. General Lincoln's pur- 
chase extending from the Dennys River to the Schoodic, in- 
cluding Perry. 

Governor Bernard gave Captain Mitchell a map for his 
guidance; and from the original, which is in the writer's pos- 
session, the copy here inserted has been made. It is a section 



THE BOUNDARY LINE 



89 



from the larger map of Captain Southack. I do not know 
the date of his map, and of him only that Cyprian Southack, 
sea-captain, was a member of the Council of Lieutenant Gov- 



tCro^'^' 




^cCrO^^' foLntJ^Toe. 



SHEA-ENIj. 



CYPRIAN SOUTHACk's OLD MAP OF PASSAM AQUODUY AND ST. CROIX. 

ernor John Doucett of Nova Scotia in 1720. It is at least 
interesting to know how imperfect was the knowledge of the 
geography of our vicinity when this map was made. Point ^ 



< 



9© EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Lepreaux will be recognized. The river St. Croix is our 
Magaguadavic, and Passamaquoddy the Schoodic. The Cob- 
scook is not shown. Passamaquoddy Island is the Campo- 
bello of to-day with distended proportions, and some of the 
smaller ones must represent Deer and Moose Islands very 
much shrunken. 

From the journal, it appears that the Indian name of Pleas- 
ant Point was Seeboycook ; and of the numerous islands in 
the bay, indicated by courses and distances, only L'Attereel, 
Passimaquodi, Moose, Deer and White Horse, Flatiron and 
Mountain Island near L'Etete, seem to have then had names. 
In another document, I find Cheburn, or West Head, men- 
tioned as a point of land in the west passage, evidently what 
we call West Quoddy Head, the extreme eastern point of 
land in the United States. The salt-water falls at Cobscook 
are mentioned. The following entries are copied verbatim : — 

Sunday June the 3d 1764, a foggey morning the wind a S W 
half after three in the morning Capt Jones, Mr Boyd, Mr Jones 
and myself with four of our men went in the Whall boat to Latter- 
ell in order to get provisions from our encampment, and when we 
came to Latterell Capt Fletcher Thought it most Expediant to go 
to St Croix next Day, by Reason that the Indians who had for 
Sum Days past Bin drunk were got sober, so Capt Jones ordered 
the men that Came with us to go Back to where we left the Rest 
of our men in Order to Bring them all to Latterell to be ready to 
Depart on Munday morning for St Croix. 

Munday June the 4th 1 764, a foggy morning and calm this morn- 
ing Capt Jones employed Mr James Boyd with his Whall boat and 
Mr Walker to assist to carry our men and provisions to the River 
of St Croix and to assist us up sd River |- after 8 in the morning 
we Departed from Latterell and \ after 12 we arrived at Harbor 
leeteet alias Womkoocook where we met with the Indians and 
Capt Fletcher had a conference with them and the Indians ap- 
pointed two to go with us on Tuisday morning. 

Tuisday June the 5th 1764, this morning at 6 of the clock Two 



THE BOUNDARY LINE 9 1 

Sanops and Two Squaws with one Burch canow Set off with us in 
order to go with us to ye River St Croix, and we prosseaded up 
the Bay about Two miles, and the wind N W a fresh gale and the 
tide against us we put a shore on ye East Side of the Bay to wait 
till the Tide would Turn and while we waited for tide of flood four 
of our men went a little way from the shore in the Whall boat a 
fishing and caught one Hollobut and Three Small Cod fish and at 
yong flood we all got a board of our boats and prosseaded towards 
St Croix, and at Eleven of the clock we arrived at the Entreance 
of sd River at which time Capt Fletcher Requisted Three of said 
Indians to swear that the said River that they showed us was 
actually known By the name of St Croix River. The names of sd 
Indians are as followeth Lue Nepton, Meesel and Mary Cattfon. 
And we taried there awhile and Eat Dinor then went up sd River 
to ye falls and the Indians told Capt Fletcher that they wood go 
no farther and the Falls being so large that we Could not gat the 
Whall boat over it and it being impossible to go on the land to 
Sorvoy the River I Began a little Beloe the falls and the courses 
are as followeth, (Sec. 

Several years before Mitchell was employed on this survey, 
there was published a large map of the British and French 
possessions in North America, bearing the name of John 
Mitchell ; and, though it is not found explicitly stated any- 
where, it is presumed that it is the same John Mitchell in 
both cases. When the American and British commissioners 
were engaged in arranging the terms of the treaty of peace 
at Paris in 1783, this large map was made the basis upon 
which the boundaries of the United States were marked out ; 
and it is to be seen among the published documents con- 
nected with the controversy. The surveyor had not then 
visited the region, and the delineation of Passamaquoddy 
Bay and its vicinity is about as rude as in Southack's map. 
It makes the St. Croix the most eastern of two rivers enter- 
ing the bay, the other being the Passamacadie west of it, and 
the Cobscook is not marked at all. Otherwise, the general 



92 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

features of the map appear to be tolerably correct, consider- 
ing the time at which it was issued. It bears the following 
certificate of its authenticity : — 

This map was undertaken with the approbation, and at the 
request of the Lords Commissioners for Trade and Plantations, 
and is chiefly composed from Draughts, Charts and Actual Surveys 
of different parts of his Majesty's Colonies and Plantations in 
America. Great part of which have been lately taken by their 
Lordships' orders and transmitted to this office by the Governors 
of said Colonies and others. 

Plantation office, John Pownal, 

Feb'y 13th, 1755. Secretary. 

The American commissioners at Paris were John Adams, 
John Jay, and Benjamin Franklin ; and we have the evidence 
of each. 

Mr. Adams testifies that 

Mitchell's was the only map or plan used by the Commissioners 
at their public conferences, tho' other maps were occasionally con- 
sulted by the American Commissioners at their lodgings. 

The British Commissioner first claimed to Piscataqua river, then 
to Kenebeck, then to Penobscot, and at length agreed to Saint 
Croix as marked on Mitchell's map. 

One of the American ministers at first proposed the river Saint 
Johns as marked on Mitchell's map, but his colleagues, observing 
that as Saint Croix was the river mentioned in the charter of Mas- 
sachusetts Bay they could not justify insisting on Saint Johns as 
the ultimatum, he agreed with them to adhere to the charter of 
Massachusetts Bay. 

Mr. Jay states 

That in the negotiations of Peace the River St. Croix forming 
part of our Eastern boundary came into question; that several 
rivers in those parts were said to have that name, that much was 



THE BOUNDARY LINE 



93 



urged and argued on the topic, that Mitchell's map was before us 
and favorably consulted for geographical information, and that both 
parties finally agreed that the River St. Croix laid down on that 
map was the river St. Croix which ought to form a part of that 
boundary. 

And Dr. Franklin writes, — 

I can assure you that I am perfectly clear in the rememberance 
that the map we used in tracing the boundary was brought to the 
treaty by the Commissioners from England, and that it was the 
same as published by Mitchell twenty years before. 

Thus it is apparent that the commissioners who negotiated 
the treaty of 1783 understood that the easternmost river 
entering the Bay of Passamaquoddy (which is the Magagua- 
davic) was the St. Croix, which was to form part of the east- 
ern boundary line. 

When the treaty of 1783 closed the war for independence, 
there were but few white inhabitants on the eastern frontier ; 
and most of those living on the American side were persons 
who had taken little apparent interest in the final result of 
that great contest. During the war, the eastern head-quar- 
ters of the patriots were at Machias, and the brave men of 
that insulated hamlet did not hesitate in their defiance of 
the power of Great Britain on land or sea ; and, had there 
been a similar compact, patriotic community on Moose Island 
when peace was declared, no British oiiicial would have cared 
to present himself to claim jurisdiction for his government, 
unless backed by a strong military or naval force. 

In the fall of 1783, a settlement was begun on the other 
side of the Schoodic River by a body of men whom the 
fortunes of war had compelled to leave their homes and 
kindred. Severe enactments had despoiled them of their 
estates, and it could hardly be expected that they would 
feel very kindly toward the government that had driven them 



94 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

out or the men who supported it. The Loyalists who founded 
St. Andrews constituted what was then lacking on the other 
side of the river, — a compact, determined community; and 
they were greatly imbittered for what they had suffered on 
account of their attachment to their beloved sovereign. 
Among them were several capable, intelligent leaders, like 
Robert Pagan, who had been a prosperous merchant at Port- 
land, and Thomas Wyer, the first sheriff of the county, who 
was an officer of customs in old Falmouth. The county 
of Sunbury was separated from Nova Scotia in 1784, and 
erected into the Province of New Brunswick ; and St. An- 
drews was made shire town of the new county of Charlotte. 

The American emigration to Passamaquoddy did not fairly 
begin until 1786. In that year. General Benjamin Lincoln 
made his large purchase ; and the vigorous Hingham emigra- 
tion which cleared the forests along the Cobscook, by the 
Dennys and Pennamaquan streams, and around the shores 
of the plantation which should by and by bear the name 
of the future hero of Lake Erie, then began. At the same 
time, Lieutenant Governor Robbins bought the township 
which bears his name ; and Colonel Aaron Hobart, of Abing- 
ton, exchanged the government obligations which he received 
for casting cannon and balls for the American army for 
the wild lands of Plantation No. Ten, and settlers soon fol- 
lowed. Colonel John Crane, one of the Boston Tea Party, 
who had done good service at the head of his regiment under 
the immediate command of General Washington, and Major 
Lemuel Trescott, who had commanded a battalion under La- 
fayette, had located themselves at Orange River ; and other 
places about the bay and rivers began to be similarly occu- 
pied. But this fine material was scattered over a large terri- 
tory, and it took time before it could be compacted into influ- 
ential communities. 

John Shackford and Samuel Tuttle were stanch patriots. 



THE BOUNDARY LINE 



95 



The former had visited the region when on a fishing cruise 
before the war. He had done good service in the army, and 
joined in that terrible march under Arnold through the Maine 
wilderness, to defeat under the walls of Quebec; and the 
latter had held an officer's commission in the continental ser- 
vice. When they came to Moose Island in the spring of 
1784, just a hundred years ago, they found but five families 
here ; and when, five years later, the number had increased to 
twenty-two or twenty-four, the heads of one-half of these 
families were either men of English birth or those who had 
adhered to the royal cause in the war. 

The difference between the ideas of the founders of St. 
Andrews and those who happened to be the first occupants 
of Moose Island is characteristically shown by the marked 
contrast in the ways in which the two places were originally 
laid out, and the citizens of Eastport have had frequent occa- 
sion to regret the want of foresight in their early predeces- 
sors. The Loyalists called a competent engineer, and on the 
hillside sloping so pleasantly to the bay planned the site of a 
future city, with broad avenues and streets crossing at right 
angles, on the Philadelphia checker-board pattern ; while 
the fishermen and traders of Moose Island were content to 
trudge along the beaches and clamber over the rocks without 
regular public ways, trusting to the waters of the bay for easy 
transportation of goods. Nor was this lack of method and 
public spirit surprising, when it is remembered that it was not 
until June 17, 1791, that an act was passed by the legislat- 
ure of Massachusetts authorizing the survey of the island, 
the inhabitants prior to that time being simply "squatters," 
without titles to the lands which they occupied. The effects 
of this shiftless, temporary condition of affairs lingered for 
some time afterward. Eastport was incorporated as a town 
in 1798, but it was not until the following year that the first 
highway was laid out ; and its description on the town books, 



96 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

which gives neither courses nor distances, is of the rudest sort, 
indicative of most unmethodical ways of managing public 
affairs : " Beginning at Mr. James Cochran's spring, between 
Capt. Prince's house, and the house Mr. Henry Waid now 
lives in, running northerly between said Cochran's house and 
his old hovel, and just to the westward of Mr. Samuel Tuttle's 
barn, through the corner of his potato field, west of the new 
fence, through Mr. Boynton's, and Mr. Henry Poor's land, to 
the notch in Mr. William Clark's mountain so called," etc. 
This was High Street; and four years later, in 1803, Water 
Street was laid out, twenty-four feet wdde, after opposition 
from those who contended that eighteen feet was ample width, 
as that would allow two hand-barrows to get by each other 
with room to spare, and, at the suggestion that it would be 
too narrow for horses and carriages to pass, scouted the idea 
that such strange curiosities would ever be seen on Moose 
Island. 

The St. Andrews Loyalists knew that they had settled on 
disputed territory, being well aware that the United States 
claimed the Magaguadavic as the true St. Croix, which was to 
make the boundary line. But they proposed to construe this 
and other provisions of the treaty to suit their own ideas, 
and, as soon as they got their newly organized courts in work- 
ing order, set themselves about it, doubtless sustained by 
the higher authorities of the province. By the terms of the 
treaty, the southern boundary line of the United States ended 
at the mouth of St. Mary's River in Florida, and the eastern 
line began at the mouth of St. Croix River in the Bay of 
Fundy. The New Brunswick authorities decided for them- 
selves that the Schoodic was the St. Croix, and its mouth 
above St. Andrews ; and they proposed to draw a straight 
line from there to St. Mary's, claiming all the territory left 
outside. This line would cross the country diagonally, strik- 
ing the sea at Little Machias, and leaving a good slice of the 



THE BOUNDARY LINE 97 

present county of Washington outside of the limits of the 
United States. 

General Rufus Putnam, afterward prominent in the early 
settlement of the State of Ohio, made the first survey of the 
lands in this section, under the authority of the State of 
Massachusetts, and in a report to Messrs. Phillips, Wells, 
and Dane, a legislative committee, under date Rutland, Dec. 
27, 1784, refers to this claim as follows : — 

From Mr. Jones, who is the principal surveyor employed by the 
British in that quarter, since the peace took place, I learned that 
they consider the Schoodick as the St. Croix intended in the 
treaty ; that they fix the mouth of that river at the Devil's Head, 
which you will see marked in township No. V, in my plan : and 
the bays of Schoodick, St. Andrews, Cobbscook, &c., &c., formerly 
comprehended under the general name of Passamaquoddy, they 
consider as arms of the sea, or parts of the bay of Fundy. Here 
then, say they, that is, at the Devil's Head, the following descrip- 
tion in the treaty begins, viz : " bounded east by a line to be drawn 
along the middle of the river St. Croix, from its mouth in the bay 
of Fundy to its source." 

Again, a line drawn from the mouth of St. Croix, at Devil's 
Head, to the mouth of St. Mary's river, between Georgia and East 
Florida, they consider as a boundary, to the eastward of which we 
have no claim on the main land or among the islands, nor yet to 
the islands westward of such a line, except they lie within 20 
leagues of the sea coast or main land, and have not been granted 
by the government of Nova Scotia. . . . 

A straight line, says Mr. Jones, drawn from the Devil's Head to 
the mouth of St. Mary's river, as above mentioned, will fall on the 
sea coast or north shore of the bay of Fundy, about the mouth of 
Little Machias river. The direction of this line across my plan, is 
marked on the southern edge of it, and in consequence of their 
claiming such a line, not only all the islands in the bay of Passa- 
maquoddy, whether granted before the peace, or since, they claim 
as theirs; but the Island of Grand Manan has been granted by the 
Governor of Nova Scotia to certain proprietors; and on the same 



98 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

principle, a few days before I left the country, Mr. Jones began 
the survey of Seward's Neck. . . . 

But where the gentlemen of Nova Scotia have got the idea that 
the United States are bounded by a line drawn through the Atlan- 
tic ocean, from the mouth of St. Mary's river to the mouth of the 
St. Croix, is hard to conceive. For my own part I cannot find a 
single hint of such a boundary in all the treaty. Yet, absurd as 
this idea appears to be, not only Mr. Jones, and other refugees, 
are fallen into the mistake; but Governor Parr must have done 
so too. 

This strange claim was pushed as far as the sending of a 
surveyor to lay out lots on Seward's Neck, within the limits 
of the present town of Lubec; and then, apparently, its ab- 
surdity was realized, as we hear no more of it. 

They still maintained, however, that all the islands in Pas- 
samaquodcly Bay had originally belonged to Nova Scotia, and 
by the terms of the treaty still remained under British juris- 
diction ; and in 1785 notices were posted up on Moose Island 
directing the inhabitants to attend court at St. Andrews. 
Constables were appointed and jurors summoned, and the 
islanders were threatened with the forfeiture of their estates 
unless the summons was obeyed ; but no one appears to 
have heeded the threats. Finally, in December, 1785, Samuel 
Tuttle, the first deputy collector of customs on the island, 
was arrested on a pretended action of debt ; and Sheriff 
Wyer assured him that, unless he yielded, assistance would 
be rendered by an armed ship then moored at Campobello. 
He was taken to St. Andrews and committed to jail, but, 
" steady in his refusal to renew or acknowledge allegiance to 
the British crown, he was released after three days imprison- 
ment." 

In January, 1786, a number of residents sent a petition to 
the governor of Massachusetts, describing their great trouble 
and distress on account of this state of affairs, and asking 



THE BOUNDARY LINE 



99 



" his Excellency and the Honorable Council to take such 
immediate steps as were necessary to quiet their minds and 
give full possession of their rights and titles." Prior to this 
time, Governor Hancock, of Massachusetts, and Governor 
Carleton, of New Brunswick, had been engaged in corre- 
spondence in reference to these boundary disputes ; and, as 
early as 1784, Generals Lincoln and Knox, and George Par- 
tridge, Esq., had been directed to repair to Passamaquoddy 
Bay, and inform themselves what encroachments had been 
made on the territory of the State, and, on returning, they 
reported that a very considerable number of British subjects 
had settled at a place called St. Andrews, on the eastern 
bank of the river Schoodic, which, in their opinion, was. 
clearly within the limits of the State. Their report and evi- 
dence were transmitted to Congress by Massachusetts, with 
directions to her delegates to procure, if possible, such in- 
struction to our minister in London as might prevent or 
remove such encroachments. 

It will be remembered that at this time the States were 
still acting under the old federation ; and, until the Constitu- 
tion was adopted in 1787, and went into effect the following 
year, they were poorly prepared to act promptly and energet- 
ically for the protection of their outlying communities. The 
separate States were authorized to collect a duty of five per 
cent, on imports ; and, as has been said, Mr. Tuttle was the 
first officer of excise in this vicinity under Massachusetts. 
For several years after the adoption of the Constitution, 
matters continued in the unsatisfactory condition here de- 
scribed ; and it was not until the adoption in 1794 of the 
treaty with Great Britain, known as Jay's Treaty, that any 
efficient steps were taken to remedy the difficulties. Great 
opposition was made to the confirmation of the treaty, as too 
favorable to the recent enemy ; but it was finally accom- 
plished. 



lOO EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

The fifth article of the treaty reads as follows : — 

Whereas doubts have arisen what was truly intended under the 
name of the river St. Croix mentioned in the Treaty of Peace, 
and forming a part of the boundary thereon described, that ques- 
tion shall be referred to the final decision of commissioners to be 
appointed in the following manner — viz. — one to be named by 
His Majesty, one by the United States, and said two shall agree 
in the choice of a third, and faihng to do so, two names shall be 
prepared and one drawn by lot. 

Under the provisions of this section, the British govern- 
ment appointed Thomas Barclay as commissioner, and the 
United States selected David Howell, of Rhode Island. 
The first meeting was held at Halifax, Aug. 13, 1796; and 
Egbert Benson, of New York, was agreed upon as the third 
member of the body. The next meeting took place at St. 
Andrews, October 4 of the same year; and Edward Wins- 
low, of New Brunswick, was appointed secretary. The agents 
of the respective countries, James Sullivan, of Massachusetts 
(American), and Ward Chipman, of New Brunswick (British), 
appeared, and presented their appointments. Sullivan was 
author of the History of the District of Maine, then re- 
cently published ; and Winslow, the secretary, and Chipman, 
the British agent, were Loyalists, natives of Massachusetts, 
and both graduates of Harvard College. The rest of Judge 
Chipman's family adhered to the American cause. His 
sister married William Gray, a noted Boston merchant, famil- 
iarly known as " Billy Gray " ; and the present Judge Gray, 
of the United States Supreme Court, is her grandson. 
Robert Pagan and Joseph Garnet, of St. Andrews, were 
appointed sub-agents for the British for the taking of evi- 
dence, and Phineas Bruce and John Cooper on the part of 
the United States. Bruce was a Machias lawyer, and in 
1802 was elected representative to Congress, the first chosen 



THE BOUNDARY LINE 1 01 

irom this section ; and General Cooper was the first sheriff 
of Washington County, and the town of Cooper was named 
for him. 

The com.mission met several times at St. Andrews, then 
adjourned to Boston, and had one meeting at Quincy, to 
take the evidence of John Adams, President of the United 
States, who had been one of the commissioners to arrange 
the treaty of 1783 ; and the final meeting was held at Provi- 
dence, R.I., Oct. 25, 1798. 

It is not the purpose of these sketches to repeat at length 
the evidence presented to the commission appointed to decide 
which river was the true St. Croix ; but some of the papers 
connected with the case afford interesting items of local his- 
tory, and for that reason will be introduced here. And first 
comes the deposition of John Frost : — 

I John Frost of Passamaquoddy aged sixty nine years, do testify 
and declare. That I came to Passamaquoddy in seventeen hun- 
dred and sixty-three, and settled on a place called Pleasant Point, 
where I have resided most of the time ever since ; that my sole 
object in coming to this part of the country was to trade with the 
Indians; that for the first ten years of my residence I was con- 
stantly engaged in a trade with them ; that in consequence of this 
trade I became perfectly well acquainted, with the Passamaquoddy 
tribe of Indians, particularly with Louis Neptune, Bungawerawit, 
John Battist Neptune, and John O. Denny, principal or chief men 
of said tribe; that I have had frequent conversations with the 
said Louis Neptune, Bungawerawit, John Battist Neptune, and 
John O. Denny, respecting the River St. Croix, and that each of 
them often and uniformly declared to me that the River Magagua- 
davic was the St. Croix. That I brought into this part of the 
country a Mr. Mitchell, a surveyor sent by Governor Bernard to 
explore the River St. Croix ; which circumstance led me to make 
more particular enquiries of the Indians respecting the said river. 
And the deponent further testifies that all the Indians with whom 
he hath conversed always told him that the Magaguadavic River 



I02 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

was the St. Croix. And this deponent further testifies that the 
white people living in this part of the country (with whom he hath 
been acquainted) always considered the Magaguadavic the St. 
Croix River, and that he had never heard any person call the 
Scoodiac the St. Croix River, until a number of people came and 
settled at St. Andrews in the year seventeen hundred and eighty- 
three or four. 

Questions by Robert Pagan & Joseph Garnett Esquires. 

I St. On what particular occasions did you hear Louis Neptune, 
Bungawerawit, John Battist Neptune, and John O. Denny call 
Magaguadavic the St. Croix ? 

Answer. When I brought Mr. Mitchell down here to explore 
St. Croix River. 

2d. What Rivers did Mr. Mitchell explore when he came on 
that business ? 

Answer. Mr. Mitchell told me he had been at the Magagua- 
davic and found it to be the St. Croix. He did not tell me he had 
been to any other river. 

3d. Did you command the vessel in which Mr. Mitchell came 
to this part of the country to look for the River St. Croix ? 

Answer. Yes. 

4th. Where did you land him ? 

Answer. At Indian Island. 

5th. Did you go by any particular draft when you traded at 
that time in Passamaquoddy Bay ? 

Answer. Yes, by * Capt. Suddrick's draft. 

6th. Did you shew this draft to Mr. Mitchell? 

Answer. Yes, we looked at it frequently on the passage. 

7th. Had Mr. Mitchell any other draft that he shewed you, 
or compared in your presence with Capt. Sudduck's draft you 
shewed him? 

Answer. I do not recollect that he had. 

8th. Did great plenty of fish resort annually to Scoodiac falls 
when you first came here and since? 

Answer. Yes, I went to the Magaguadavic falls in the month 
of May about the year 1765 or 6 in a sloop of 75 tons with Capt. 
Tucker to carry on the salmon, shad, and alewive fishery, and 

* Captain Cyprian Southack's map. 



THE BOUNDARY LINE IO3 

finding no fish at the falls (as we only caught about a barrel after 
being there seven or eight days) we went to Scoodiac River where 
we joined Mr. McCowan »S: Capt. Nicols who were there in two 
vessels, one of about 30 and the other about 45 tons, where we 
caught in company from 800 to 1000 barrels, chiefly ale wives, 
with some salmon, shad and bass. The alewive fishery continues 
there to this day, where those who are after fish go to take them. 

9th. Do you know of any grampuses or whales going up 
Scoodiac River? 

Answer. I do not remember ever seeing any more than half 
way between Pleasant Point and Devils Head. 

loth. What part of Passamaquoddy River do grampuses and 
whales resort to ? 

Answer. Between Pleasant Point and Head Harbor but not 
in great numbers. 

nth. Are alewives, shad and salmon caught in any other river 
in your neighborhood ? 

Answer. Up Cobscook on Dennys River where Mr. Lincoln 
lives, they are caught but not in plenty as at Schoodiac River. 

1 2th. Where is Passamaquoddy Harbour? 

Answer. I have always understood Head Harbour to be Passa- 
maquoddy Harbour. 

13th. Where is Passamaquoddy River? 

Answer. From Head Harbour till you get to Scoodiac I call 
Passamaquoddy main river. 

14th. Is there any other entrance into Passamaquoddy River 
but by Head Harbour? 

Answer. There is a way by West Quoddy, but it is barred, so 
that at low water you cannot come in with a whale boat. You can 
also come in by Petit Passage into St. Andrews Bay, or Passa- 
maquoddy Bay, which communicates with Scoodiac River. 

Question by Phineas Bruce Esquire. 

Did you ever know of any determinate line of jurisdiction 
between the Provinces of Massachusetts Bay and Nova Scotia? 

Answer. Mr. Mitchell when he was coming down with me and 
while he was here told me Magaguadavic would be the dividing 
line. 



I04 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

This deposition is signed by John Frost and sworn to at 
Pleasant Point Nov. 9, 1797, before Jno. Brewer, Justice of 
the Peace. 

Another deposition in the same Hne, that of William 
Ricker, is here given, as it furnishes other items of local 
interest: — 

I William Ricker of Moose Island in the Bay of Passama- 
quoddy aged sixty four years do testify, and declare, that I have 
resided in said Passamaquoddy upwards of twenty six years, that 
I have been well acquainted with the Passamaquoddy tribe of 
Indians, particularly with Louis Neptune, John Battist Neptune 
and John O. Denny ; that I have had frequent conversations with 
the said Louis Neptune, John Battist Neptune and John O. Denny, 
and many other Indians respecting the River St. Croix ; that they 
always called the Magaguadavic River the St. Croix; that all the 
white people in this part of the country with whom I was 
acquainted always called the Magaguadavic the St. Croix River. 
And this deponent further testifies that he never heard the River 
Scoodiac called the St. Croix River, till the year seventeen hun- 
dred eighty three or four. 

Questions by Robert Pagan and Joseph Garnett Esquires. 

I St. How many years ago did you hear Louis Neptune, John 
Battist Neptune and John O. Denny call the River Magaguadavic 
the St. Croix? 

Answer. Twenty six years ago. 

2d. On what occasion did you hear them call it so ? 

Answer. Upon no particular occasion, but generally upon their 
going or coming from the Magaguadavic. 

3d. Did you hear all the white people in this part of the coun- 
try with whom you was acquainted always call the Magaguadavic 
the St. Croix River above twenty years ago ? 

Answer. Yes. 

4th. What are the names of some of your white acquaintances 
who called it so ? 

Answer. Joseph Connick, William Cheney, James Chaffey, John 
Lumber, Robert Wilson, William Clerk and John Curry Esqs. 



THE BOUNDARY LINE 



105 



5th. On what occasions did you hear them call it so? 

Answer. I do not recollect. 

6th. Who did you hear call the River Scoodiac the St. Croix 
since the year 1783 or 1784? 

Answer. A Mrs. Jones, wife of Mr. Jones a surveyor who laid 
out the lands at St. Andrews. 

7th. When did you first come to this part of the country and 
where did you begin your first settlement? 

Answer. I came into this part of the country twenty six years 
ago last April, and began my first settlement the next June at 
Scoodiac Falls where Jacob Libbie now lives. 

8th. Were fish plenty there at that time ? 

Answer. Yes very plenty. 

9th. Of what kinds? 

Answer. Salmon, shad, alewives, and bass. 

loth. Did grampuses or whales resort there? 

Answer. I saw no such thing there. 

nth. Were fish plenty at Magaguadavic at that time ? 

Answer. I cannot tell for I don't know that anybody went there 
at that time after any as they all went up Scoodiac after them. 

1 2th. Where is Passamaquoddy Harbour? 

Answer. I do not know any place particularly called so. 

13th. Where is Passamaquoddy River? 

Answer. I have heard of such a river lately but cannot de- 
scribe it. 

14th. Do the inhabitants of Passamaquoddy and its neighbor- 
hood continue annually to resort to Scoodiac to take salmon, shad, 
and alewives ? 

Answer. Yes. 

15th. Is there any other river in or about the Passamaquoddy 
settlement, to which they also annually resort for the same pur- 
pose ? 

Answer. I don't know any other. 

1 6th. Were grampuses and whales plenty in any part of Passa- 
maquoddy when you first came there ? 

Answer. Yes — between Pleasant Point and Head Harbour. 

17th. Do you know of any being killed there? 

Answer. Yes, I saw Capt. Folger from Nantuckett who came 



Io6 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

down on the whaling business (and, made up his voyage at Head 
Harbour) kill one between Moose and Dudley Islands which made 
seventy barrels of oil. 

17th. What government did you consider yourself under when 
you first came to this part of the country ? 

Answer. I came from Bobtick in Nova Scotia and began my 
settlement at Scoodiac Falls, under James Boyd Esq. then a Jus- 
tice of the Peace of the Province of Nova Scotia, who held lands 
there (as I understood) under a grant from Nova Scotia, and from 
thence I moved to Campo-Bello where the currency was four shill- 
ings and six pence to the dollar, which currency was usual in the 
Bay of Passamaquoddy. 

Question by Phineas Bruce Esq. 

1st. What stores were there in Passamaquoddy? 

Answer. Mr. Owen kept a large store at Campo-Bello, and 
James Boyd & James Chaffey carried on a small trade at Indian 
Island, which were the only stores I know in Passamaquoddy at 
that time. 

2d. Did you ever know any determinate of jurisdiction between 
the Provinces of Massachusetts Bay and Nova Scotia? 

Answer. I did not. 

Signed and sworn to before John Brewer, Justice of the Peace 
at Pleasant Point Nov. 8th, 1797. 

The following deposition of James Boyd, found among the 
papers of Edmund Winslow, Esq., the secretary of the com- 
mission, is furnished for publication by Winslow Warren, 
Esq., of Boston, being evidently a part of the same series : — 

I James Boyd testify that in May 1763 I went to Passamaquody 
bay to settle and there made from time to time a journal which I 
have now by me, and which is as follows ; 

Passamaquada, May 1763 — Arrived on an island called by the 
natives Jegauagoose or Indian Island, after I built a store I set 
out with a whale boat and explored every Island in the bay, and 
when I met with any of the natives I got from them what name 
they were called by the natives. Went up a river after entering 
the grand bay by the harbor LeTete which the natives named 



THE BOUNDARY LINE I07 

Magegadewee. Stopped at the carrying place. Returned to the 
bay and viewed Dicteguash river, then Boquakeck and Chamkook, 
in my way Connasquamkook now St. Andrews. Left the last point, 
went up the bay and found Wachweig. Crossed and went up 
Schooduck on my return. Stopt at Connasquamkook and there 
took on board of my whale boat a small piece of ordnance and 
arrived at Jegauagoose, &c., &c. 

Went to an island on the north east side of the Bay which Island 
had been settled a considerable time before by the subjects of 
France, a good point of the Island and the works of a breast work 
or entrenchments in the harbor at high water. This Island ap- 
pears surrounded by Islands, at low water you can go from some 
of them to others. Went up to Cobskook, there found a small 
river. At my return most of the natives had arrived at Jegaua- 
goose. After conversing with them I got the names of all the 
Islands and rivers in Passamaquada, the harbour LeTang and har- 
bour LeTete and found wherever the natives had buried they 
erected a cross either on Islands or on the main land. In 1764 
John Mitchel Esq arrived in this place to survey Passamaquada. 
Mr. Jones asked my leave to store his provisions, and that I would 
call the Indians together, that he had Governor Bernard's orders 
to assemble all of them. I did as he asked me. They met by my 
store. I was present and heard Jones' commission read. The 
interpreter spoke to the Indians and interpreted the whole. Cap- 
tain Jones desired the interpreter to ask the Indians if they knew 
of a river by the name of St. Croix. They answered Yes. Would 
they show it to the Surveyors, Yes. Where do you say it is, they 
answered near by harbour LeTete. 

They appointed a day and I was appointed interpreter. The 
day appointed came. Capt. Jones hired a whale boat of me. We 
left Jegauagoose and arrived at harbour LeTete, found Bungawar- 
rawit (the Governor) ready with the other Indians. We left this, 
and arrived at the river and after the interpreter asked the Indians 
if this was the river known to them by the name of St. Croix, they 
said, Yes. He asked them if they knew the nature of an oath, — 
they answered, Yes, that they had sworn to serve the King of 
France and should declare the truth, and the interpreter took their 
oath. 



I08 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

It was reported there that at the time Colonel Church took the 
French which were settled at Passamaquady he threw up two 
breastworks, one on Pleasant Point, the other on Conisquamkook, 
and then went and reduced Annapolis on the northeast side of the 
bay of Fundy. Some time before Quebeck was taken from the 
French Captain Hector McNeal was taken prisoner in the harbour 
Le Tang. It was Indians which took him. One Frenchman who 
married an Indian was with the Indians. They gave Captain 
McNeal the names of sundry places. The Indians carried Cap- 
tain McNeal's vessel to Conasquamkook and there unloaded a 
good deal of the cargo. McNeal had some small guns and swivels. 
The Indians left one gun to give an alarm when needed. The 
Indians then carried the vessel to St. John's River and carried 
their captives up this river to Quebeck. 

All the facts above related I declare to be true. 

Questions put to James Boyd, Esq., by the agent for the United 
States : 

1. Were there any white inhabitants on the shores or Islands of 
Passamaquada Bay when you went there in 1763 ? 

Answer. None only the natives. The nearest white inhabi- 
tants were at St. Johns or Machias. 

2. Were there any appearances of former inhabitants on the 
shores and islands of said bay, what were the appearances, and 
where were they said to be made ? 

Ans. There were Indian bark huts, but no framed house or 
marks of any French or English house. 

3. What people were then reported by the Indians and others 
to have lived there — how long had they been removed and was it 
reported who had removed them ? 

Ans. There have been no inhabitants on these shores or islands 
since the descent of Colonel Church, as I have been always told 
by the Indians. 

4. Did John Currie go there with you, or when did he arrive 
there? 

Ans. He did not go with me, but he came there in the year 
1770. 

5. Was there a civil jurisdiction exercised by the Government of 
Nova Scotia over the people there, when did it begin, and how far 
west did it extend ? 



THE BOUNDARY LINE IO9 

Ans. The jurisdiction began at St. Johns river, but how far 
west it extended I am unable to say any further than will appear 
from a Commission which I received as a Justice of the Peace 
for the County of Sunbury and district adjoining westward, and 
which I believe was the first civil commission raised for that quar- 
ter of the country, a copy of which commission is annexed. 

6. What was the name of what is now called St. Andrews point 
when you went there ? 

Ans. Conasquamkook. 

7. Did you ever know Alexander Hodges, who he is and when 
did he come to Passamaquady ? 

Ans. I knew him. He came first to Passamaquady as a ser- 
vant to a certain Mr. John Frost of Machias, an Indian trader. 
He was very illiterate. 

8. Did you ever know an Indian by the name of Louis Neptune, 
and did you ever hear him swear or say which was the river 
St. Croix. 

Ans. I did, but to give a more full answer to the question it is 
necessary to state that I know several Indians of the name of 
Lewis Neptune. This is a name which was very common among 
the Indians of Penobscot, Passamaquady and St. Johns — but the 
Lewis Neptune which I refer to was of the Passamaquady tribe 
and who was one of the persons appointed by his father Bunga- 
warrawit, or John Neptune, (then Governor of that tribe) to go 
with Jones and Mitchel and point out to them which was the river 
called Saint Croix, and which the said Lewis Neptune did then 
and there, standing on a piece of land on the north side of the 
Magaguadavic, in concurrence with two other Indians, declare the 
Magaguadavic to be the same river known among the Indians by 
the name of St. Croix, and further to distinguish and identify the 
said Lewis Neptune, he was called by the Indians Backsucees, 
which means a man of great strength — or having the strength of 
a bear. 

James Boyd, J. P. 



no eastport and passamaquoddy 

Commonwealth of Massachusetts \ 
Suffolk, ss, August lo, 1798. | 

James Boyd Esquire personally appeared and being duly cau- 
tioned and carefully examined subscribed and made oath to the 
truth of the foregoing deposition, the same being taken at the 
request of James Sullivan Esquire, agent for the United States, 
to be used before the Commissioners appointed to settle the Saint 
Croix boundary. 
Taken and sworn to before me, 

George Richards Minot, 
Justice of the Peace and Quorum. 



The next document does not refer to the dispute about 
the St. Croix, but appears to be a copy of a statement pre- 
pared to show that Moose Island as well as the other islands 
in Passamaquoddy Bay had been considered under the juris- 
diction of Nova Scotia : — 

■ John Curry Esqr. of the County of Charlotte in the Province of 
New Brunswick, upon his oath testifieth and sayith, That he has 
resided at Passamaquoddy, formerly within the Province of Nova 
Scotia, and now in this Province since the year 1770, and that in 
the year 1774 he was honored with a commission of the Peace 
from his Ex'cy Francis Legg Esq. then Governor of Nova Scotia ; 
that from the year 1770 till the commencement of the late war, 
Courts of General Cessions of the Peace was held agreeable to 
a law of the said Province of Nova Scotia on the Island of Cam- 
pobello, and during that time (as might fully appear by the Dock- 
etts of said courts, had they not been taken from the deponent 
with several other books and papers by an American Privateer in 
the year 1778) Moose Island, Deer Island, Indian Island, and all 
other islands in said Bay of Passamaquoddy were within the juris- 
diction of the Province of Nova Scotia, and that the inhabitants 
of all the islands in the said Bay were regularly summoned and 
attended the different Courts held at Campobello, and always con- 
sidered themselves under the jurisdiction of the Province of Nova 



THE BOUNDARY LINE III 

Scotia. The deponent further sa3ith, that James Cochran then 
and now an inhabitant of Moose Island, was appointed as deputy 
Provost Marshall for the district of Passamaquoddy, and was by 
said deponent sworn into office, which he held and executed within 
the said district, till the commencement of the late war, which put 
a stop to all Juditiall proceedings. 

The deponent further sayith that all the inhabitants upon the 
Cobscook River, and those who resided within twelve miles to 
the westward of Moose Island aforesaid, w^hich was the extent of 
settlement at that time, considered and acknowledged themselves 
within the jurisdiction of the said Province of Nova Scotia, and 
also regularly attended the Courts holden on the Island of Campo- 
bello. The deponent further sayith that William Owen, Plato 
Demray, James Boyd, William Sherwood, John Moro, Thomas 
Proctor and Benjamin Yoxhall were all inhabitants and Magis- 
trates of said district and held their commissions under the Gov- 
ernor of N. S., and that none of said Magistrates excepting the 
deponent now resides in this Province. He further sayith that 
during his residence in said district the Government of Massa 
chusetts Bay while under the authority of G. B. never claimed 
any jurisdiction over the inhabitants of said district, never ap- 
pointed any civil officers, but when aggrieved applied for redress 
to the laws of Nova Scotia. 

Then follows copy of another document : — 

We the subscribers inhabitants of the County of Charlotte in 
the Province of New Brunswick, have resided within the district 
of Passamaquoddy since the year 1770, testify and declare that 
ever since our said residence we have considered ourselves within 
the limits of the Province of Nova Scotia and since the appoint- 
ment of civil officers in said district by the Gov. of N. S. which 
was in the year 1770 we have at different times attended the 
Courts held on the Island of Campobello, and the inhabitants of 
Moose Island, and all the islands in the Bay of Passamaquoddy, 
as well as those on the Cobscook River and twelve miles to the 
westward of said Moose Island always considered themselves 



112 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

under the government of N. S. and attended the Courts held on 
Campobello aforesaid. 

Thos. Terrell, Deer Island 

James Chaff ey, Indian Island 

John Lawless,* ' Deer Island 

John Fountain, Do. 

Wm. Elwell, Do. 

Alex'r Hodge, Do. 

Henry Bowen, Moose Island 

Wm. Ricker, Do. 

Wm. Crow, Do. 

Andrew Lyod,* Campobello 

Hibbard Hunt, Do. 

Joseph Cormock, Deer Island 

These two papers with the names are in the same hand- 
writing, as are also the following memoranda, describing the 
several islands within the disputed jurisdiction : — 

On Moose Island there is about two hundred acres of cleared 
land, and about forty five head of horned cattle. The inhabitants 
are chiefly employed in fishing during the season. The lands are 
generally good, and the timber chiefly hard wood ; has always 
been under the jurisdiction of Nova Scotia and a James Coffran 
acted as Deputy Sherreff. 

Hubbards Island, now called Aliens or Duttons contains about 
two hundred acres, about four acres cleared — has only a Col. 
Allen his wife, and four children. Good lands and chiefly hard 
wood; lays about south, distance about three miles from Moose 
Island. 

Le Darneys Island, contains about 20 acres of land, lays from 
Aliens Island about SW., distance about two roods — the only 
inhabitant is Lewis LeDarnie,t who acts as Naval officer for the 
state of Massachusetts, and keeps his office on the island. 

* Andrew Lloyd, grandfather, and John Lawless, great-grandfather, of William Lloyd 
Garrison, the antijslavery reformer. 

t Lewis F. Delesdernier, the successor of Samuel Tuttlq as collector of excise for 
Massachusetts, and afterward first collector of the district of Passamaquoddy. 



THE BOUNDARY LINE II3 

West Ouaddy Island, lays about SE. of Le Darneys Island, 
about three quarters of a mile; contains about one acre, has no 
inhabitants, makes West Ouaddy a good Harbour. 

Barr Island,* lays from Frost's at Pleasant Point about SW. 
distance about 5 or 6 rood from the Main Land, contains about 
200 acres; no inhabitants, the land good, no person claims it; a 
good deal of mash. 

There has come down to us the record of an interview 
which the British agents sought and secured with the chief 
and other principal men of the Passamaquoddy tribe of In- 
dians, at the time the former were preparing their case for 
presentation to the commission, which had not then begun 
its sessions. The story of the Indians, with its mixture of 
fact and myth, seems worthy of a place in these sketches, so 
it is given in full : — 

On the seventh day of August, 1796, Mr. R. Pagan, at the re- 
quest of Mr. Chipman, sent a message to Francis Joseph, Chief 
of the Passamaquoddy tribe of Indians, who was then at Pleas- 
ant Point on the west shore at the entrance of Passamaquoddy 
Bay, requesting him to come to St Andrews to give Mr. Chipman 
information respecting the Scoudiac River. On the 8th in the 
morning, Francis Joseph came up attended by Nicola Francis 
Xavier, and six other Indians. Mr. Chipman met them at Mr. 
Pagan's house, where Mr. LeCott, French Interpreter, attended, 
and in the presence of Mr. Pagan and Mr. Chipman, communi- 
cated to the Indians Mr. Chipman's wish to obtain information 
from them respecting the first coming of the Europeans into this 
part of the country. They at first declined answering any ques- 
tions, because they said only one party was present, having ex- 
pected that some American gentlemen, among whom was Gen- 
eral Knox, then in an American sloop up the Scoudiac River 
would have attended at the meeting. They were then told that 
this was not a formal conference, that the only object of the mes- 
sage was to request Francis Joseph to come up to hold a friendly 
conversation respecting the tradition among the Indians relative 

* What we now call Carlow's Island. 



114 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

to the first coming of the Europeans here ; that we were glad 
however to see so many of them come up ; that we wished not to 
obtain any opinion from them respecting the Scoudiac as a boun- 
dary line, but merely to learn some historical facts that had as we 
supposed been handed down to them from their forefathers, but 
that if they had any objection or disinclination to gratify us, we 
wished not to urge them. 

They thereupon gave the following information : That two or 
three hundred years ago the French came in three or four ships 
to Passamaquoddy Bay, entered at the L'Etete Passage and 
erected a cross at the entrance of the Magaguadavic River,, upon 
Point Meagique, that they soon after removed and erected a cross 
upon St. Andrews Point, on St. Andrews day celebrated Mass 
there and gave it the name of St. Andrews ; that at that time the 
Indians were clothed in skins, which the French purchased of 
them, and gave them in return knives, hatchets, and rufiied shirts, 
that the French at their request set blacksmiths to work on board 
the ships, and furnished them with such iron implements as they 
described their want of; that the French remained long enough 
to load the ships with furs and then returned to France. That 
the next year they came again with four ships and went to the 
small island at the mouth of the Scoudiac River; that this island 
was the place of resort for the Indians to deposit their articles 
both in going up and coming down the Scoudiac River, and has a 
name describing that as its use ; that the French landed there and 
remained some months, but finding that the water upon the island 
was not good, and had a poisonous quality, and that a mortality 
as they supposed from that cause prevailed among them, they 
went away ; that at this time they did not traffic ; that all the 
adjacent country was full of Indians ; that the French came to this 
small island because they could there defend themselves ; that 
they did not go to any other island or remain on shore at any 
other place, from their fear of the Indians, who were not willing 
they should land upon the main, or any large island, lest they 
should claim a right of possession. That this island was larger 
than it now is, and that the sea has washed it away from the rocks 
on the lower side. That the small hill or island towards the sea 
had always remained distinct by itself, and the water on the in- 
side and near to it is very deep. 



THE BOUNDARY LINE 



115 



In further conversation they said that after erecting the cross 
at the Magaguadavic, the French Priest went up to the forks of 
that river, and there put some earth in his handkerchief, and said 
*'this is the place." There appeared to be a strong inclination in 
them to favor the idea that the Magaguadavic was the boundary- 
river, and of their having been instructed on the subject. They 
denied that the Scoudiac River retained that name above where 
Cristie's Mills now are, and one of them in Mr. Pagan's store 
previous to the conversation said, that the Magaguadavic certainly 
was the boundary line. 

We found the same disposition in Thoma Louis, who on Satur- 
day the 6th, gave us, when up the Scoudiac, a plan of the western 
branch of that river: upon asking him which was the main branch, 
he said the Cheputnacook was the main branch, but at the same 
time upon being asked the question, declared that all the stream, 
and lakes which he laid down upon the western branch retained 
the name of Scoudiac. 

The Indians at the conversation told us that Passamaquoddy 
was so called from the great quantity of Pollock taken there ; 
that Scoudiac meant a great clear place, because all the country 
had been burnt ; that Magaguadavic was so called on account of 
the high hilh upon it. 

They mentioned an anecdote upon the first arriving of the 
French, that the French officer gave to two Indians a glass of 
spirits each, and immediately ordered a gun to be fired, upon 
which one of them let the glass drop out of his hand and fall 
down, while the other steadily drank off the last drop without 
flinching. That at that time the Indians did not like guns as an 
article of traffic because they made too much noise. 

Eneas Moon, a Canadian Indian who spoke French, held the 
conversation with LeCotte during the interview. I afterwards 
saw him at my quarters, and showed him the plan of the Scoudiac 
which Thoma Louis had drawn for me on Saturday; he knew it 
at once and said the whole river there laid down was called Scou- 
diac. Upon my telling him I did not exactly recollect whether it 
was said that the cross was removed from the mouth of the Maga- 
guadavic, he said the cross was not removed, but that another 
cross was erected at St. Andrews at the time referred to. 



Il6 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Capt. Nicola Anawan, d'] years old, said the Indians called the 
Magaguadavic the St. Croix, because there was a cross put up 
there by the French, and the whole river was called St. Croix 
when he was a boy, and did not know that the Scoudiac was ever 
called St. Croix. The two islands on this side of Devil's Head 
are called Muttoneguis and Aluttonegwenish, a great and little 
island, where was a store to deposit things. 

If after this accumulation of evidence there were any 
doubt that the Magaguadavic was known as the St. Croix 
at and before the earliest settlements of English-speaking 
people in this vicinity, the following document, which ap- 
pears to be a statement from English settlers on the dis- 
puted territory west of that river, gives additional corrobora- 
tion. Only, as appears by the words which are here put in 
Italics (though not so in the original), the claim is made that 
there were two rivers, each known as the St. Croix, emptying 
into Passamaquoddy Bay : — 

St. Andrews, Charlotte County, 
Province of New Brunswick, Dec. 1795. 

Sir : Having understood that the Commercial Treaty between 
Great Britain and the United States has been ratified by His 
Majesty, and conceiving ourselves deeply interested in the opera- 
tion of the fifth article, we feel it our duty to address you on 
behalf of the British subjects settled upon the territory in dispute 
between the two powers, or at least that part of the County of 
Charlotte which is situated between the lesser and greater St. 
Croix Rivers^ more commonly known as the Magaguadavick and 
Scodiac Rivers, which empty into the Grand Bay of Passama- 
quoddy — comprehending part of the parish of St. George — and 
the whole of the parishes of Saint Patrick, Saint Andrews, Saint 
David, and Saint Stephen. A very few settlers having come to 
this Country previous to the peace of 1783, the settlements within 
these limits having been formed since, chiefly by Loyalists and 
disbanded soldiers, the lands on the Magaguadavick in St, George 
were settled mostly by the Royal Fencible American Regiment. 



THE BOUNDARY LINE II7 

Some emigrants from New Hampshire seated themselves at St. 
David, and a number of Loyalists &c. who were disappointed in 
the quality of the land allotted them at Port Merton, Nova Scotia, 
had lands assigned them at St. Stephen — but the most extensive 
settlement has been made by the troops and Loyalists from 
Penobscot, forming a margin upon the Bay upwards of — miles in 
length, embracing the shores of nearly four parishes. From the 
time the British took post at Penobscot in 1779, great encourage- 
ment for settlers was held forth by the commandants, and prom- 
ises were made that they should be secured in their possessions 
as soon as a Civil Government should be established, on the faith 
of which several persons sensible of its importance as a lumber 
country, fixed themselves there in full confidence that if the Inde- 
pendence of the American States should be acknowledged by His 
Majesty and a boundary assigned, the British Government would 
not consent to its being brought to the eastward of Penobscot 
River ; but to their great surprise, loss and mortification, they 
learnt by the Treaty of Peace, and the debates in Parliament 
thereupon, that the Province of Maine was not considered as 
a lumber country, and that the line of separation between the two 
Governments was fixed at the St. Croix. Whereupon the objects 
of their settlement at Penobscot being defeated, their attention 
was turned to this quarter, and having informed themselves of 
a convenient situation for trade &c., agents were appointed to 
transact the necessary business with the commander in chief at 
New York, and the Governor of Nova Scotia at Halifax, where 
previous to obtaining a grant, it became necessary to escheat the 
lands, for they had formerly been granted and the conditions left 
unfulfilled. No idea of their bearing a dispute was then sug- 
gested, but on the contrary every encouragement was offered by 
that Government to induce as many settlers as possible to repair 
hither, and the eldest son of the Surveyor-General, Mr. Morris, 
a young gentleman brought up in that ofiice, was appointed to 
attend the survey and location of these lands. The settlers re- 
moved hither in the fall of 1783. On their arrival at St. Andrews, 
a person who had been a warm partisan of the American cause, 
came in a birch canoe, ordered them to remove, and forbid their 
settling within the American territory ; but confiding in the assur- 



Il8 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

ances of Government, and as he did not produce any commission 
to authorize his behavior, he was disregarded. 

In the summer of 1784 it was rumoured that commissioners 
were appointed by Congress to examine which of the rivers was 
the St. Croix, we understood that Generals Lincoln, Knox, and 
Jackson, had come for that purpose who proceeded in a vessel to 
the mouths of the two rivers, without entering either, or landing 
within the British line, and on their return reported in favor of 
the eastern river or Magaguadavick. As at that time we were not 
separated from Nova Scotia, the agents for the settlement repre- 
sented the matter to Gov. Parr, who assured them of His Majesty's 
protection. These assurances were renewed by His Excellency 
Governor Carleton soon after he took possession of the Govern- 
ment of New Brunswick ; but what we considered more particu- 
larly added to our security was a letter from Lord Sydney to Gov. 
Parr, on the subject of the Boundary Line, a copy whereof was 
transmitted to us from Halifax, wherein assurances were given 
that His Majesty is determined to protect his faithful and legal 
subjects in the peaceable possession of their lands. Although we 
had at all times placed great reliance upon the promises of Gov- 
ernment, yet that letter established in our minds a confidence 
which has remained unshaken till the publication of the Treaty 
which has excited an alarm, as we find ourselves thereby involved 
in very precarious circumstances respecting our landed property, 
and in a manner consigned for chance to decide to which of the 
two Governments we must be subject. . . . 

The Scodiac is by far the most considerable river bearing the 
name of St. Croix ; following its courses about — miles from the 
mouth it forks into two large branches, the one extending to the 
northward towards the St. John, called by the Indians Cheputnate- 
cook, the other to the southwest, called by the Indians Scodiac, 
taking its source near that of the Penobscot. The Cheputnate- 
cook is wider than the other at its mouth, but is neither so long nor 
so deep. The British Surveyors who have explored these two 
branches, decide in favor of the westernmost as the true Scodiac, 
indeed the Indians who pass and repass at all seasons giving that 
branch the same name with the main river supports this decision; 
but the American Government appears disposed to claim the 



THE BOUNDARY LINE II9 

Cheputnatecook as the main branch, provided the Magaguadavic 
is not allowed as the boundary line. . . . This country abounds 
with pine, spruce, hemlock, maple, beach, oak, ash, and elm 
timber, the resources of which appear almost inexhaustable, par- 
ticularly the pine, as notwithstanding the immense quantity of 
pine lumber exported during our residence here, several cargoes 
of masts, yards and bowsprits for the Royal Navy within the last 
two years, have been procured within a very small distance from 
the shore, with great ease and at trifling expense. . . . American 
vessels have loaded in the Scodiac River with cargoes of British 
lumber which has been carried to different ports in the states, and 
used for home consumption, being of a superior quality ; and the 
contractors for building the new State House at Boston have 
found it more convenient to procure the chief part of their wooden 
materials from us, than from any of their ports less distant. . . . 
However we continue to place our firm dependence upon His 
Majesty's most gracious promise, and should the report of the 
commissioners so operate as to transfer our possessions over to 
the American jurisdiction, we fully trust in the justice and gener- 
osity which the British Government have evinced on all former 
occasions, will be extended towards us, and that full compensation 
will be made for every loss and injury which an unfortunate 
chance of circumstances may produce. 

The letter from Lord Sidney to Governor Parr, referred 
to, was dated at Whitehall, March 8, 1785 ; and from it are 
made the following extracts : — 

The plans made use of by the commissioners at the time of 
negotiation published by Mitchell in the year 1755 seem to be so 
inaccurate, that no sort of dependence can be placed upon them, 
for ascertaining which of the rivers could be meant as the said 
boundary, for neither of them are correctly laid down, but it must 
naturally be concluded that when one of the two rivers of the 
same name with the distinction only of Great St. Croix is to be 
fixed upon as the boundary, and such distinction shall not have 
been particularized, the preference must of course determine in 
favor of that river which shall happen to be the most consid- 
erable. . . . 



I20 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

His Majesty's ministers can by no means admit that the river 
fixed upon by Mr. Hancock can be considered as the line of sepa- 
ration between the United States and the territory still remaining 
in His Majesty's possession ; and although the King is equally 
disposed to cultivate that peace and harmony which for the mutual 
advantage of this Kingdom and the United States ought to sub- 
sist, yet His Majesty feels himself called upon to refuse a com- 
pliance with the requisition which has been made for the removal 
of his subjects now in possession of lands on the western side of 
the Little St. Croix and between that and the Greatest St. Croix 
or Schudiack, which latter must be considered the line of separa- 
tion, and His Majesty is determined to protect his faithful and 
loyal subjects in the peaceable possession of these lands. I shall 
write to Gov. Carleton by this opportunity fully on the subject, to 
enable him to reply to Gov. Hancock's letter, and His Majesty's 
ministers will be ready to take such further steps as may be nec- 
essary for settling this dispute in the most amicable way, and such 
as I hope will prevent any doubts or inconveniences arising in 
future upon this disagreeable subject. 

A not inappropriate title for these sketches would be 
" The Hunt after a Lost River." There are streams in 
the world known as lost rivers, — well-defined watercourses 
which, after flowing across the country, leap out of sight into 
some rocky chasm or fade away among desert sands. But 
not so did the St. Croix of the Acadian discoverers disap- 
pear. It was known to be somewhere extant, and had 
simply lost identity and strayed away. The American com- 
missioners at Paris found upon the map which had been 
brought from England by the British agents a river of that 
name distinctly shown as the most eastern of the streams 
entering the Bay of Passamaquoddy ; and, as this position 
was well sustained by local evidence, the government of the 
United States claimed that it should be made the boundary 
line. The British government, without disputing the fact 
that this easternmost river was properly called the St. Croix, 



THE BOUNDARY LINE 12 1 

claimed that it was not the only river of that name entering 
the same bay, there being another larger and more impor- 
tant stream which should be considered the St. Croix of the 
treaty. When De Monts and his fellow-voyagers sailed up 
the River of the Etechemins, as they called it (now known to 
us as the Schoodic), they gave to the island where they made 
their place of habitation the name of the Isle of St. Croix, 
because the spreading branches of the river farther up came 
together in the form of a cross. As has been already stated, 
for a century and a half afterward this was apparently a for- 
gotten region; and the historical facts which gave the place 
its name passed into oblivion. In the mean time, as it would 
seem, some later French voyagers had visited the Magagua- 
davic, and, as was the custom at the time with discoverers 
sent out by Catholic governments, had set up a cross on 
Point Megique, at the mouth of the river, as a symbol that 
the Church, as well as the sovereign, claimed jurisdiction 
over the region. From this cause, the river itself came to be 
known as the St. Croix ; and thus was introduced the confu- 
sion which it required so much diplomacy to unravel. 

Apparently in the earlier stages of the controversy about 
the identity of the St. Croix, neither of the disputants appre- 
hended the real origin of the name, or was aware of the 
conclusive evidence in favor of the position of the British 
government which the French archives would afford. Had 
it been otherwise, Lord Sidney's claim that the Schoodic was 
properly the boundary line would have been placed upon 
some firmer basis than merely that it was a larger river of 
the same name as the one which the commissioners, who 
arranged the treaty with a 'British official map before them, 
supposed to be the true St. Croix. And eleven years later, 
at the interview with the Indians at St. Andrews, the English 
agents seemed most anxious to find evidence that the cross 
originally set up at the mouth of the Magaguadavic had 



122 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

been removed to St. Andrews Point, or another one erected 
there, as though in such event was to be found the reason of 
applying the name of St. Croix to the Schoodic. 

In the expense accounts of the commission of 1794 appear 
considerable items for cost of collecting at Paris records of 
the early French discoveries, and copying and translating 
them. From these histories and reports of travel by Char- 
levoix, L'Escarbot, and Champlain, new light was gained 
upon the matters in dispute. The close way in which the 
British agents cross-examined Frost and Ricker, two of the 
American witnesses, in reference to the abundance of ale- 
wives and other fish found at the foot of Schoodic Falls in 
May and June, and showed that no large quantities of these 
fish were taken on the Magaguadavic, has been noticed. 
This brought out a most important item of evidence in favor 
of the identity of the former river as the St. Croix of the 
French discoverers, in which, as their records show, a similar 
abundance of fish appeared in spring and early summer. 
" Champlain's Voyages," published at Paris in 1613, gave a 
carefully drawn map of the island and vicinity, and a view 
of the buildings which were erected in 1604 for the shelter of 
De Monts and his associates. An English reprint of these 
"Voyages" has been published by the Prince Society of 
Boston, with fac-similes of the original illustrations ; and the 
engraved copy of the last-named sketch which is furnished for 
this paper enables the reader to see exactly how the first habi- 
tations ever erected by civilized people in this part of the 
country appeared. They w^ere placed on the upper part of 
the island, occupying about one-half of its area. At the lower 
end was a battery with mounted cannon, the chapel, their 
place of worship, and the little cemetery in which before 
summer came again so many of the number were destined 
to find their last resting-place. 

To prove that Doucett's Island was the true Isle of St. 



HABITATION DE L'ISLE STE. CROIX. 

(From " Champlain's Voyages," published at Paris a.d. 1613.) 

II III! I llllllMimiHIIH 




A — Jjwelliiit,' of Sieur de Monts. li — Public building wliere we spent our time vhen it rained. C — The 
irehuuse. D — Dwelling of the guard. F — Dwelling of the carpenters. G — The well. H — The oven where the 
ead was made. 1 — Kitchen. L, iM, X — Gardens. N — Place in the centre where a tree stands. O — Palisade. 
-Dwellings, tlie Sieurs d'Orville, Champlain, and Champadore. V— Dwelling of our curate. Q, R, «fc T — Other 
/ellings. Y — The river surrounding the island. 



124 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Croix, the same methods were adopted which Schliemann and 
other noted archaeologists of our day are employing in identi- 
fying the sites of ancient cities, and the following statement 
of Judge Pagan shows with what satisfactory results : — 

Robert Pagan declares that having obtained a plan of St. Croix 
Island said to have been published in Paris Anno 1613, and hav- 
ing compared it with the shore, coves, and points, of the Island 
laying a few miles below the mouth of the Scudiac River at the 
Devil's head, commonly called Doceas Island, and also with the 
shore «S:c. of the main land westward and eastward of it as laid 
down in that plan, and having found a most striking agreement 
between every part of these shores, coves and points and that 
plan. 

He on the 7th day of this instant July went to said Doceas 
Island accompanied by William Cookson, Thomas Greenlaw, 
Nehemiah Gilman and John Rigby for the purpose of making 
further discoveries there. 

On the north end of said Doceas Island where in the plan 
above mentioned the French buildings are laid down, he found 
four distinct piles of ruins agreeing in their situation and dis- 
tances from each other with the spot at A as laid down in that 
plan, and these four piles of ruins are directly abreast of the long 
sandy point at low water in said plan. 

On examining these piles he found them considerably raised 
above the general level of the ground around them, some parts of 
them covered with roots of trees and windfalls, and all of them 
with mould and rotten leaves from six to eighteen inches deep. 

On further examining he discovered distinctly several tiers of 
stone in each of the piles, laid in clay mortar one on the top of 
another. The clay is perfectly distinct from the stone, and of the 
usual thickness (between the tiers of stone) of mortar made use of 
in laying stone or brick at this day. In some parts of these ruins 
the clay is as soft and perfect as if newly dug out of a pit, and on 
other parts it appears as clay does in chimnies where fire has 
been, and there are evident marks of fire on the stones m many 
places. 

In digging he found charcoal in a perfect state only it was easily 



THE BOUNDARY LINE 



125 



crumbled to pieces in handling, he also found part of a stone 
pitcher in full preservation. 

On one side of one of the piles he discovered a number of 
bricks so laid together as to convince him that a large oven had 
formerly been built there. All these bricks are in a tolerable state 
of preservation. 

He further declares — That on the iSth day of this instant July 
being at said Doceas Island on a party of pleasure with a large 
company, part of the company went with him to view the ruins 
above described, and on further examination in presence of John 
Brewer, Esq., The Rev. Mr. Andrews, Daniel McMasters, Esq., 
John Campbell, Donald McLauchlan, Donald Grant, William 
Pagan and Thomas Pagan, he uncovered another pile distinct 
from the piles found on the 7th inst, which they found to be laid 
in clay mortar with tiers of stone in the same manner as the first 
four piles are laid. 

In digging with a spade for a few minutes near one of these 
piles they turned up a metal spoon, a musket ball, a piece of an 
earthen vessel, and a spike nail, all of which bore evident marks 
of having laid a long time under the surface. 

He further in presence of these gentlemen discovered on that 
part of the island agreeing with the spot in the plan between A & 
B a ledge of rocks extending from the middle of the island towards 
the shore on each side a considerable breadth, in many places the 
rocks are some height above the surface, and in other places is 
lightlv covered with earth and leaves. 



'&" 



This deposition is signed by Robert Pagan, and sworn to 
at St. Andrews, July 20, 1797, before Daniel McMasters, Jus- 
tice of the Peace. It will be noticed that Judge Pagan places 
the mouth of the river above the island. 

Thomas Wright, his Majesty's surveyor-general for the 
island of St. John (now Prince Edward's Island), also testi- 
fies that on the eleventh and twelfth days of October, 1797, 
he examined the remains of habitations on the Isle de St. 
Croix, or Bon Island ; and his survey was more systematic. 
He found lines of walls, and piles of bricks, evidently turn- 



126 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

bled chimneys, and above them standing trees, ten or twelve 
inches across the butt, and windfalls eighteen or twenty 
inches in diameter, showing the great antiquity of the ruins. 
Samuel Webber, afterward president of Harvard College, 
who accompanied the commissioners, also examined the 
ruins, and reported that they were undoubtedly the relics of 
De Monts's fortifications. Several years ago, some cannon- 
balls were dug from the soil of the island, evidently left there 
by the early French occupants ; and one of these, which came 
into possession of Peter E. Vose, Esq., of Dennysville, was 
deposited in the collection of the New England Historic- 
Genealogical Society at Boston, where it still remains. 

This historic island has had various names, — Muttaneguis, 
St. Croix, Bon, Doucett's or Doceas, and, in modern times, 
Neutral Island. The origin of the name by which it is most 
commonly known does not appear, unless it comes from John 
Doucett, governor of Nova Scotia in 1720. It ought to be 
called De Monts Island, for surely there should be preserved 
somewhere in the region the memory of the leader of the 
expedition which first opened it to the civilized world. 
Champlain, who was one of his subordinates, has had better 
fortune ; and the beautiful sheet of water which he discovered 
on a later expedition is his undecaying monument. Another 
of the party was Sieur d'Orville ; and it has been suggested 
that the name of Devil's Head, as applied to the bold prom- 
ontory on the shore above, is a corruption of his name. 

The evidence of the early French records proved conclu- 
sive as to the identity of the Schoodic with the St. Croix, but 
the exact location of its mouth as well as its source remained 
to be settled. 

The cross-questioning of the British agents as to where 
whales and grampuses were to be found was for the purpose 
of showing that sea and bay extended well up ; and, as has 
been seen, the claim was made on their part that the mouth 



THE BOUNDARY LINE 



127 



of the river was above Devil's Head, where Oak Bay widens 
out, and that the source was to be found at the head-waters 
of the western branch, off in what is now Penobscot County, 
which would have carried the eastern boundary line of the 
United States many miles to the westward of its present 
course. 

The decision of the commissioners was finally made at 
their last meeting at Providence, R.I., Oct. 25, 1798, and the 
declaration published that the Schoodic was the St. Croix of 
the treaty, which was to form part of the boundary line, with 
its mouth opposite Joe's Point, one mile north of St. Andrews 
Island, and its source at the head-waters of the Cheputna- 
tecook or Chibnitcook, as it is variously called. The iden- 
tity of the river was in accordance with the British claim, the 
location of its source and mouth against it. 

A good deal of time has been devoted to a single period 
in the history of the boundary disputes, because, until the 
writer began the investigation of which the results appear in 
these sketches, the subject was quite obscure to him, and he 
has been led to think that it might be the same with others. 
But of the later history it will only be necessary to touch 
upon a few prominent incidents as the series is brought to a 
close. 

The decision of 1798 settled one item of dispute, and fixed 
the location of the river St. Croix from its mouth to its 
source ; but there still remained troublesome problems for 
future controversy. The agent of the American government 
urged the commissioners to continue the boundary line from 
the mouth of the St. Croix to the sea, so as to settle the na- 
tionality of the islands in Passamaquoddy Bay. But it was 
decided that, having determined which river was the true St. 
Croix, and marked its mouth and source, their authority was 
exhausted. The President of the United States, in commu- 
nicating the decision of the commissioners to Congress in 



128 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

his opening speech, Dec. 8, 1798, expressed the opinion that 
the adjustment of these subordinate questions would not be 
a matter of difficulty. 

But this proved a mistaken confidence, and the people of 
Eastport were not allowed to forget that the government of 
Great Britain still claimed jurisdiction over their island. As 
appears by the town records, a town meeting was called on 
the 27th of July, j8oi, "to consider on the situation we are 
in respecting the dispute between Great Britain, and the 
United States of America in regard to the claims of jurisdic- 
tion on Moose Island, and to take such methods for an ex- 
planation, as may be thought proper and expedient to quiet 
the inhabitants." When in 1808 Clark's Hill was being 
fortified by Major Lemuel Trescott, under whose direction 
Fort Sullivan was built there. Admiral Sir John B. Warren, 
and General Prevost, governor of Nova Scotia, insisted " that 
His Brittanic Majesty still considered all the islands in Pas- 
samaquoddy Bay as belonging to New Brunswick, and de- 
sired to be informed why military works were erected on one 
of them by the American Government. " 

Further efforts were made to settle the disputes by nego- 
tiation ; and on the 12th of May, 1803, a treaty was arranged 
between Lord Hawkesbury, representing Great Britain, and 
Rufus King, on the part of the United States, the first article 
of which contained the following provision : — 

The line hereinafter described shall and hereby is declared to 
be the boundary between the mouth of the river St. Croix and the 
Bay of Fundy; that is to say — a line beginning in the middle of 
the channel of the river St. Croix at its mouth (as the same has 
been ascertained by the commissioners appointed for that pur- 
pose), thence through the middle of the channel between Deer 
Island on the east and north, and Moose Island and Campobello 
Island, on the west and south, and round the eastern part of Cam- 
pobello to the Bay of Fundy ; and the islands and waters north- 



THE BOUNDARY LINE 



129 



ward and eastward of the said boundary, together with the island 
of Campobello situate to the southward thereof, are hereby de- 
clared to be within the jurisdiction, and part of His Majesty's 
Province of New Brunswick ; and the islands southward and 
westward of said boundary, except only the island of Campobello 
are hereby declared to be within the jurisdiction, and a part of 
Massachusetts, one of the United States. 

The reader will notice the peculiarity of the description, 
which makes the boundary line go out between Deer Island 
and Campobello, so as to give the United States equal access 
through the main channel to the sea, and then remands 
Campobello into British territory. 

This was an attempt to correct the unnatural arrangement 
by which the boundary line between two great nations was 
forced through a narrow obstructed passage, to the avoidance 
of the natural outlet to the sea opening broadly out close at 
hand, — an arrangement which has remained a perputual puz- 
zle to new-comers to this day. It originated in that provision 
of the treaty of 1783 by which all islands heretofore within 
the jurisdiction of Nova Scotia were to remain British terri- 
tory ; and, whatever uncertainties might be connected with 
other islands of the vicinity, there could be no dispute about 
Campobello, which was granted by Nova Scotia to William 
Owen in 1767, and, by a law in that province, courts of jus- 
tice were established there in 1770. 

Had this treaty of 1803 been carried into effect, many 
future disputes would have been avoided ; and, even if Great 
Britain had considered it worth while to occupy Moose Island 
during the next war, it must have been promptly given up at 
its close. The second article also provided for a commission 
to decide the position of the north-west angle of Nova Scotia, 
on the same plan as that which settled the identity of the St. 
Croix ; and at that early period, when the region in dispute 
was practically an unknown wilderness, there would probably 



130 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

have been little difficulty in coming to an amicable agree- 
ment on a matter which, when later years and growing inter- 
ests had added vastly to its territorial importance, became a 
source of most serious controversy. However, the Senate of 
the United States failed to ratify the treaty on account of 
some provision in the eighth article in reference to the 
boundary line at the north-west. Dec. 31, 1806, Messrs. 
Monroe and Pinkney, on the part of the United States, con- 
cluded a treaty with the British government, in which the 
boundary line on the eastern frontier was agreed upon in 
nearly the same words ; but President Jefferson, disliking 
some of the provisions which it contained, did not submit it 
to the Senate, and so matters were allowed to drift along in 
the same unsettled condition. 

In the mean time, various causes of disagreement were 
tending toward open hostility between the two nations ; and 
on the i8th of June, 1812, war was declared by the United 
States. During the next two years, amid the varying fort- 
unes of the war, the people on both sides of the frontier 
had generally refrained from hostile acts against their neigh- 
bors, not greatly disturbed by the echoes of the combat 
going on at a distance ; and it was not until after steps had 
been taken to bring the contest to a close that the war came 
to their doors. The Emperor of Russia had offered his 
services in bringing about a reconciliation between the con- 
testants ; and in May, 1814, the American commissioners to 
Ghent set sail for Europe. Two months later, on the nth 
of July, 18 14, a British fleet, commanded by Admiral Sir 
Thomas Hardy, having on board a large military force under 
command of Lieutenant Colonel Pilkington, appeared before 
Eastport and demanded its surrender. As the small force 
at Fort Sullivan, under command of Major Perley Putnam, 
was in no condition to repel such an attack, the British were 
allowed to take possession, which they did in a style indica- 



THE BOUNDARY LINE 



131 



tive of their purpose of permanent occupation as a part of 
the British empire. The next day, Lieutenant Colonel Fitz- 
herbert sent a letter from St. Andrews to John Brewer, of 
Robbinston, brigadier general of the militia of Maine, 
stating, by order of General Sherbrooke, that the object of 
the present expedition was to take possession of the islands 
in Passamaquoddy Bay, as being within the British line, and 
that there was no design to carry on offensive operations 
against the people resident on the main, unless their conduct 
should provoke severities. 

When the diplomatic representatives of the two nations 
had assembled at Ghent, and entered upon the consideration 
of the terms of peace, the x\mericans insisted upon the im- 
mediate restitution of Moose Island and its dependencies. 
They were met with the claim that these islands belonged 
by right to the British government, — as much so, said one 
of their commissioners, as " Northamptonshire, an interior 
county of England " ; and, finding that further persistence 
on their part would have prevented the termination of the 
war, Mr. John Quincy Adams and his associates consented 
that the possession of England might be continued until 
commissioners, appointed under the treaty, should decide 
the question. 

The treaty of Ghent was signed Dec. 14, 18 14; but it was 
not until 18 16 that the commissioners were appointed under 
the fourth article, and these were Thomas Barclay on the 
part of Great Britain, and John Holmes, of Alfred, in that 
part of the State of Massachusetts known as the District 
of Maine, for the United States. Mr. Barclay, it will be 
remembered, had served his king on the commission for 
settling the identity of the St. Croix; and that government 
also adhered to its policy of employing in such service those 
who had received diplomatic training, and Ward Chipman, 
of New Brunswick, was again called to act as agent for pre- 



132 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

senting their case. Associated with him was his son, also 
Ward Chipman, and, like his father, a graduate of Harvard 
College, a member of the class of 1805. John Holmes was 
a well-known American politician, and afterward represented 
the new State of Maine in the National Senate. The agent 
for the United States was James T. Austin, a Boston lawyer ; 
and Jonathan D. Weston, of Eastport, was associated with 
him for the collection of evidence and other assistance. 

The commissioners met first at St. Andrews, Sept. 23, 
18 16, and adjourned from time to time and place to place, 
until, at their final meeting at New York, Nov. 24, 1817, they 
rendered their decision. The American claim that the island 
of Grand Manan rightfully belonged to the United States, 
under the terms of the second article of the treaty of 1783, 
which had not been made very prominent before, was urged 
and sustained with a strength of evidence which seemed 
rather unexpected to the other side ; and this had doubtless 
a good deal to do with their willingness to give up Moose 
Island, which their commissioners at Ghent considered to 
belong to Great Britain beyond dispute. 

The decision was " that Moose Island, Dudley Island and 
Frederick Island in the Bay of Passamaquoddy, which is part of 
the Bay of Fundy, do, and each of them does, belong to the 
United States of America, and all the other islands, and each and 
every one of them in the said Bay of Passamaquoddy, which is part 
of the Bay of Fundy, and the Island of Grand Manan in the said 
Bay of Fundy, do belong to His Brittanic Majesty in conformity 
with the true intent of the said second article of the treaty of one 
thousand seven hundred and eighty-three." 

It has sometimes been claimed that, if the American case 
had been properly managed before the commission, Grand 
Manan might have been secured to the United States ; and 
Mr. Holmes was subject to a good deal of criticism on that 




This map of the District of Maine, copied from the United States Gazetteer, 
published at Philadelphia in 1795, gives the same boundary lines as Osgood Carleton's 
map, referred to on page 134; and, like that, makes the Magaguadavic River the St. 
Croix of the treaty. 



THE BOUNDARY LINE 1 33 

account. The same complaint was made on the other side, 
because Moose Island was relinquished to the United States ; 
and Judge Chipman, greatly annoyed by the attacks upon his 
fidelity and diplomatic ability, was obliged to remind his 
critics that they had little idea of the strength of the Ameri- 
can position in reference to Moose Island or of the ability 
with which their claim to Grand Manan had been presented. 

It was not until the following year that the decision of the 
commission was carried into effect ; and on the 30th of 
June, 18 18, after living for four years under martial law, 
ruled by officers of the British army, the citizens of Eastport 
saw the red-coats depart, and the stars and stripes again 
waving over their heads. 

Thus closes another stage in the history of the complica- 
tions growing out of the descriptive language of the second 
article of the treaty of 1783. But there still remains the 
North-eastern Boundary controversy, the most serious of them 
all. Its story — from the beginning to the culmination in that 
mustering of military forces known as the Aroostook War, 
and the final settlement under the Ashburton treaty, to 
which the assent of Maine was gained by methods at which 
men still shake their heads — forms a most interesting chapter 
in American history, and is to be found in the documents of 
the time ; and many of its incidents are fresh in the memories 
of men still in active life. Whoever investigates the subject 
will learn that when, in the early stages, the British govern- 
ment discovered that the natural construction of the language 
of the treaty would carry the American jurisdiction fright- 
fully near to the St. Lawrence, and leave the communica- 
tion between their colonies restricted to a narrow isthmus, 
the suggestion was made of the desirability of such a 
variation of the line as might secure a direct communication 
between Quebec and Halifax, which would take only a small 
portion of unsettled territory. This proposal receiving slight 



134 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

favor, it was hinted that there was much doubt whether 
the territory in question did not already belong to Great 
Britain. Then British geographers discovered that the 
waters of the St. John River did not empty into the Atlantic 
Ocean, and British surveyors found " the highlands which 
divided those rivers which empty themselves into the river 
St. Lawrence from those which fall in the Atlantic Ocean" 
in a solitary eminence known as Mars' Hill, a few miles north 
of Houlton ; and by and by came the remarkable decision of 
the King of Holland, — to whom the location of the highlands 
was referred, — which (to use the construction put upon it at 
the time) placed those highlands in the bed of the river. 

To one whose geographical impressions were gained from 
school atlases and Greenleaf's map on the wall at home, 
where the outlines of Maine at the north-east were carried 
to a sharp angle close up to the St. Lawrence, the current 
maps of the State, in spite of long famiharity, seem trun- 
cated and shorn of natural proportions. 

If one could have before him the State map of to-day, — at 
one side the same as it would have appeared had the claims 
of the United States been maintained in their completeness, 
and on the opposite another with its proportions pared down, 
in accordance with the British construction of the treaty,— the 
contrast would be quite striking. Sullivan's History of 
Maine, published in 1795, has a map by Osgood Carleton, 
which shows the State (then district) in accordance with the 
American claim. The Magaguadavic is the St. Croix, and 
the boundary line running through it to its source leads 
directly north till it meets the highlands well up to the St. 
Lawrence, and follows along those highlands in a tolerably 
direct course to the head-waters of the Connecticut ; and its 
extension at the shore would reach out and include the island 
of Grand Manan. A map in accordance with the British 
construction will need to be specially drawn for the oc- 




The yellow line shows the 
present boundary line be- 
tween the State of Maine 
and the adjoining British 
possessions; the blue line, 
the extent of the original 
claim of the United States; 
and the red line, the claim 
of the British authorities. 







*^ 



iftitaMsoq 









THE BOUNDARY LINE 135 

casion. Going up the Schoodic to the junction of the 
western branch, the boundary line would turn through the 
Grand Lakes to the source of that branch in the Penobscot 
County ; then northward till it meets some elevation, some 
lower Mars' Hill, short of the affluents of the St. John ; and 
then go zigzagging westward to the Canadian line. On the 
Schoodic, in the lower part of Calais, it would start off in 
a direct line for distant St. Mary's in Florida, reaching the 
ocean at Little Machias Bay in Cutler, and cutting off from 
Washington County the whole of Eastport, Perry, Lubec, 
and Trescott, and part of Calais, Robbinston, Pembroke, 
Edmunds, Whiting, and Cutler. In the map prepared for 
and published in this volume, these contrasted lines are 
placed side by side, — the glacial marks of sixty years of 
controversy. 



CHAPTER III. 
EARLY SETTLERS OF EASTPORT. 

BY LORENZO SABINE.* 

Our town was once a possession of France. The first 
British subject who owned it was Sir Francis Bernard, one 
of the governors of Massachusetts, who obtained a grant of 
one hundred thousand acres on the waters of Passama- 
quoddy, of Which Moose Island was a part. The northern 
limit of this grant was, as I conclude, the bluff headland in 
the St. Croix which is now known as the Devil's Hea-d. 
Sir Francis, adhering to the crown in the Revolutionary con- 
troversy, which indeed commenced with him and his adminis- 
tration, lost these hundred thousand acres and the island of 
Mount Desert, under the confiscation act of Massachusetts ; 
and the hopes which he had cherished of providing for his 
family failed. John, one of his sons, however, was a Whig; 
and one-half of Mount Desert was restored to him after the 
Revolution. Yet he seems to have attempted to settle on 
the lands which his father possessed in this vicinity. It is 
known that he went to Pleasant Point, built a hut of logs, 
and that he lived there some months with no companion but 
a dog. The fortunes of the young man were at the lowest 
ebb. His father was dead, his brothers Francis and Thomas 
were ruined and in exile, and the misfortunes of his family 

*Mr. Sabine represented the town in the legislature of Maine in 1834-35, and a 
sketch of his life will be found in the chapter on the Political History. This fragment, 
published in 1847, was prepared as part of a history of the town on which he was then 
at work, though the plan was never carried out. 



EARLY SETTLERS OF EASTPORT I37 

had saddened, perhaps deranged, his mind. He had been 
educated in affluence and in ease, and had mingled in the 
most refined society, when he came to Moose Island, and 
passed hence to the mainland in Perry. The only family 
here had never seen a horse, and did not know whether that 
animal had horns or was without them ; while the only per- 
sons north of the island were a few men at the head of the 
tide-waters of the St. Croix, who were building a mill. 
Young Bernard cut down a small number of trees, became 
discouraged, and departed. 

He lived at Boston awhile, but finally abandoned the 
country. He was Sir Francis's second son. Francis, the 
eldest, owned lands on the Penobscot which were confis- 
cated, and died, I believe, without inheriting the title. But 
John, the settler at Pleasant Point, became Sir John Ber- 
nard, baronet, held offices under the British crown in Bar- 
badoes and St. Vincent, and died in 1809. His brother 
Thomas, who graduated at Harvard in 1767, and who mar- 
ried a lady of fortune in England, succeeded to the bar- 
onetcy, and died in 18 18. Sir Thomas was a gentleman of 
great benevolence, and did much good. I need pursue the 
fortunes of the Bernards no further. My notice of them 
shows that Moose Island was originally the property of a 
Tory, and that it passed to Massachusetts, our old, usurp- 
ing, ambitious mother, under the confiscation act, which di- 
vested all the absentee adherents of the crown, in the Rev- 
olutionary strife, of their possessions. . . . 

Though De Monts explored the St. Croix, and passed 
the winter on an island opposite Red Beach, Robbinston, 
sixteen years before the landing of the Pilgrim Fathers at 
Plymouth, I find no account of any inhabitants of European 
origin at Moose Island prior to the year 1688. At that 
period, as appears by a paper preserved in the Collections of 
the Massachusetts Historical Society, there lived in Passa- 



138 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

maquoddy and St. Croix the following Frenchmen and their 
families, namely : St. Robin, his wife and son ; one Lettrell ; 
John Minns, his wife and four children ; one Lambert ; 
Jolly Clive and his servant; one Torza; and one Lena and 
his servant. It is highly probable that the number was sub- 
sequently increased, since in 1704 Messieurs Gourdon and 
Sharkee, two French officers, seem to have been here, and 
engaged in building a fort. The celebrated Colonel Church 
was here the same year, and made prisoners of a French- 
woman and her children, and the officers named, their fam- 
ilies, and domestics.* He also seized Moses Luttrell and 
his family, who lived on the mainland, and was probably the 
same mentioned as among the inhabitants in 1688. It would 
seem, too, that Gourdon and Sharkee resided somewhere on 
the main, and above the mouth of the St. Croix, inasmuch as 
Church, after ascending that river, had an affray with these 
gentlemen and persons serving under them, and fired upon 
and killed and wounded several. Gourdon may have been 
a man of consideration and property. Church certainly 
robbed him of some articles of value. 

When, in 17 13, France made a final cession of the posses- 
sions which now form the colonies of New Brunswick and 
Nova Scotia, the French undoubtedly abandoned Moose Isl- 
and; and it remained uninhabited for a considerable period. 
Governor Belcher, of Massachusetts, explored our waters in 
1734 jt Richard Hazen made a survey of our coast in 1750; 

* Once, when the late Samuel Tuttle was clearing a portion of the land on his allot- 
ment below Shackford's Cove, he came upon unmistakable evidences of a blacksmith's 
forge, blackened stones, ashes, and cinders; and the large growth above them showed 
them to be the remains of occupancy long years before. The late Captain Janjes Waid 
told me that, when he was a boy, there was a depression in the field near his father's 
house on the up-island shore, which they always called the French Cellar. — K. 

t Rev. Thomas Prince, pastor of the Old South Church, Boston, with Hon. Josiah 
Willard, Esq., and Edward Winslow, Esq., sheriff of the county of Suffolk, accom- 
panied Governor Belcher on this eastern expedition in July, 1734, in his Majesty's ship 
"Scarborough." Captain Durell "came to anchor (2 days from Boston) in the eastern. 



EARLY SETTLERS OF EASTPORT 



139 



and William Brattle, John Winslow, and James Otis came here 
in 1762, charged with the duty of ascertaining "Which is the 
true St. Croix?" and, as already stated. Sir Francis Bernard 
obtained a grant which included one island in 1765, But no 
account of a single person of the Saxon race is to be met 
with at either of these dates, as far as I can find ; and I con- 
clude that the island was inhabited for the first time after 
the French abandoned it by fishermen from the fishing-towns 
of Massachusetts, at the close of the Revolution. 

At the commencement of the year 1784, the late Samuel 
Tuttle, Esq., and the late Captain John Shackford, and five 
other persons, with families, whom they found here, com- 
prised the whole population of the island. In 1789, the 
number of families had increased to twenty-two, perhaps to 
twenty-four. I have been able to ascertain these names 
and the lots which they occupied, with some degree of accu- 
racy, and as follows : Robert Bell, father of William Bell, 
Esq., of Trescott, on the land since Prince's and the salt- 
works ; James Cochran, a native of Ireland, on the lot after- 
ward owned by Captain William Billings and others, includ- 
ing Prince's Cove ; Samuel Tuttle, a native of Lynn, Mass., 
on lot afterward owned by Captain John H. McLarren and 
others ; John Shackford, born in Newburyport, Mass., on 
the lot between Shackford's Cove and Key Street ; Caleb 
Boynton, also born in Newburyport, on the lot between Key 
Street and the aqueduct wharf property ; William Clark, 
a native of Ireland, on the lot north of Boynton's, and in- 
cluding Little's Cove ; John McGuire, a Scotchman, at 
Todd's Head ; Joseph Clark, born at Great Island, near 
Portsmouth, N.H., on the lot divided between his heirs, 
Joseph and William, and to Carpenter, Sloman and others ; 
William Gowdy, who also came from Great Island, on the 

which is the main branch of Passamaquoddy Harbour in the Bay of Fundy." They 
went "ashoar," but could discover no inhabitants; "and the thick fog hindered us from 
searching for St. Croix river." 



140 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

lot occupied in part by heirs of William Harris and others, 
and including Gowdy's Point ; Henry Bowen, on lot after- 
ward occupied by Alexander Capen and others ; 

Fenno, from Boston, on lot afterward Samuel Stevens's, 
Elijah Harrington's, and others ; William Ricker, an emi- 
grant from Steuben, Me., on lot afterward N. Phinney's, 
Nickerson's, and others ; Stephen Fountain, a Tory or Loy- 
alist, who came here from New Brunswick, on lot afterward 
owned by Jeremiah Edmunds and others, including Holmes's 
Hill ; William Hammond, of Marblehead, a fisherman to 
the Grand Banks, on the lot afterward Paul and Thomas 
Johnson's, William Taylor's, and others ; Paul Johnson, of 
Rowley, whose lot descended to his heirs ; Derney, a native 
of Ireland, who soon after sold his lot to the late Moses 
Norwood, Sen., a fisherman from Cape Ann ; Joseph Bea- 
man, a Tory from New York, who lived on part of Fenno's 
lot ; Solomon Mabee, also a Loyalist from New York, on lot 
near Fenno's ; Richard Hall, a droll fellow, who went by the 
name of " Crocker Hall " ; Samuel Coombs ; Alexander 
Hackett, a Scotchman, who lived at Bowen's Cove, and 
whose widow was long known as " Granny Hackett " ; and 
one Crow, a Tory, who, I suppose, came from New York. 

Besides these persons, with families, several young unmar- 
ried men were residents of the island in 1789 ; but James 
Carter, an Englishman, who lived with Captain Shackford, 
Nathaniel Goddard, Esq., of Boston, and Captain Jacob Lin- 
coln,* our well-known citizen, who is upward of eighty years 
of age, are all who are remembered by my informant. Few, 
married or single, designed to remain for life. Several were 
old fishermen ; all depended upon fishing for support ; and 
some had homes elsewhere, to which, after a short sojourn 
here with their wives and children, they intended to return. 

* Captain Jacob Lincoln, a native of Hingham, Mass., and the last survivor of the 
original settlers and grantees, died at Eastport soon after these notes were written in 
1847; and Mr. Goddard died at Boston. — k. 



EARLY SETTLERS OF EASTPORT I41 

But various circumstances combined to prolong their stay 
from year to year ; and the saying that " all who after land- 
ing drank first of the water from Paddy Clark's spring* 
will live and die on Moose Island " owes its origin to the 
difficulties which they encountered whenever they designed 
to remove, since in pleasantry they attributed their continu- 
ance upon the island, half against their will, to a spell cast 
upon themselves and all others who frequented and tasted of 
that spring. Whatever was the charm or power which con- 
trolled their destiny, most of them, though at times much 
discontented, never changed their abode ; and when, in 
1 79 1, the island was surveyed by order of the General 
Court of Massachusetts, nearly all of them received grants 
of the lots which at first they occupied without title.f Bell, 
Cochran, Joseph and William Clark, Goudy, Hacket, Ricker, 
Johnson, Hammond, Norwood, Boynton, and Shackford died 
in this town, McGuire at St. Andrews, Bowen at Perry, 
Beaman at Deer Island, Mabee at Campobello, and Tuttle 
at St. Stephen. Fenno, Denny, Hall, and Crow removed; 
and their fate is not known. 

* This spring, famous in the early history of the island, is situated on the land of 
Mr. William Clark, on the west side of Water Street going up from the hollow, opposite 
the Judge Burgin, afterward the Peavey, and later the French place, where Mr. Cor- 
thell's house now stands. — k. 

t See Appendix A. 



CHAPTER IV. 
MOOSE ISLAND. 

OUTLINE OF AFFAIRS DURING THE RESTRICTIVE MEASURES OF THE 

UNITED STATES WHICH PRECEDED THE WAR OF l8l2, AND 

TO THE CAPTURE OF THE ISLAND, JULY II, 1814. 

BY LORENZO SABINE. 

"'Tis Sixty Years Since." — Waverley. 

" Sixty years since," * to use the title-page of Scott's 
earliest novel, Eastport was one of the most noted places in 
the country. But its fame was of a kind which no people 
should desire ; for the general impression was that its inhab- 
itants were bold and reckless men, and earned their support 
by sheltering, and sharing the gains of, adventurers, smug- 
glers, and gamblers. 

In some respects, it must be admitted that public opinion 
was right. Here, as in other frontier towns in the United 
States, an extensive contraband trade was carried on for 
several years, almost with impunity ; and, while this trade 
flourished, and strangers flocked here to engage in it, the 
state of society was lamentable. 

The embargo laid by Congress in December, 1807, gave 
an impulse to the illicit trade with the British colonies which 
our government vainly strove to check, and which, finally, 
evading every means adopted to suppress it, became im- 
mense, and attracted the attention and capital of merchants 
and ship-owners even as far south as Virginia. 

England at this period, it should be remarked, held fast 
to the commercial policy which she adopted in the time of 

*This paper was published in 1872. 



EMBARGO AND NON-INTERCOURSE 1 43 

Cromwell, and refused to us and to all other foreign powers 
any and all direct intercourse with the colonial possessions, 
except at moments of calamity, when certain enumerated 
articles were admitted, for a few days or weeks, into the 
ports of some one of her suffering colonies in this hemi- 
sphere. Yet these colonies had always received their bread- 
stuffs, naval stores, and salted meats from the United States 
by long and circuitous voyages, which employed both Ameri- 
can and British vessels, — the first to transport them from the 
places of production to the West India Islands of Sweden or 
Denmark, when they were transferred to the other, and car- 
ried to the markets of consumption. Occasionally, supplies 
for the planters of the British islands had been bought here, 
and the exchanges made in the waters of the Passama- 
quoddy "on the lines"; but the " Neutral Islands," above 
mentioned, had been preferred, generally, by persons of 
both flags who engaged in the business. The embargo 
caused an entire change. That law, for the instant, though 
the coasting trade was still free, seemed to put an end to all 
further trade with the British planters ; but, as they still 
depended on the United States, — as, too, additional legal 
obstacles to dealing with them had served to enhance the 
prices of the commodities which they wanted, and as the 
American producers still raised these commodities for ex- 
port, — a way was soon devised to continue an intercourse 
so beneficial to both sellers and buyers. This device 
consisted merely in shipping to Moose Island, which was 
lawful, the articles that, under the former restrictions, had 
been carried to the Swedish and Danish islands. 

Once upon the frontier, it was supposed — rightfully enough 
— that persons would be found to purchase these articles, 
and to get them across to the opposite or British shores. 
British statesmen gave a prompt and efficient aid to the 
plan. In May, 1808, the ports of New Brunswick and Nova 



144 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Scotia were opened for most kinds of American produce ; 
and Eastport became, of consequence, one of the busiest 
towns in the Union. In less than a month, large quantities 
of flour arrived in the harbor ; and fourteen vessels with full 
cargoes were at anchor at one time, even before the ist of 
June. Still later in the season, thirty thousand barrels of 
flour were received in a single week. During the summer 
and autumn, quite one hundred thousand barrels more ar- 
rived ; while the whole quantity for the year was one hun- 
dred and fifty or sixty thousand barrels, at the lowest com- 
putation. To store or protect these extraordinary receipts 
of flour in the ordinary manner was not possible. Suitable 
buildings for the regular trade of the country were hardly to 
be found ; and no spacious, safe, or convenient wharf had 
been erected. Piling places were made, therefore, on sev- 
eral of the beaches above the reach of the tide, and upon the 
adjacent uplands. Nearly all the sites selected were be- 
tween Prince's Cove and Todd's Head, for the reason that 
trips to Indian Island and to Campobello were easiest, short- 
est, and safest from the front of the island. 

Besides the flour that was shipped to Eastport, several car- 
goes were landed in creeks and by-places along the shore, 
between West Quoddy and the entrance to Machias River, 
as affording the best opportunities for communicating with 
British subjects on the island of Grand Manan. Little River, 
without a storehouse or other proper building, and inhabited 
by only eight or ten indigent fishermen, was the principal 
mart west of the frontier ; while Robbinston, alike destitute 
of suitable shelter for merchandise, was still a place of de- 
posit for purchases, at St. Andrews. Little River and its 
neighborhood excepted, every depot was within two or three 
miles of British territory. To that territory, the owners and 
agents of these large quantities of flour determined their 
property should be transferred, by fraud or by force ; and 



EMBARGO AND NON-INTERCOURSE 1 45 

there were desperate men among them. The officers of gov- 
ernment — of whom there was soon a host — were arrayed 
in arms to defeat their purpose. Sentinels in the pay of the 
collector of customs were stationed within twenty or thirty 
rods of one another, upon the headlands and other look-out 
places. The compensation to most was small, as appears 
by the accounts ; but between April, 1808, and September, 
1-809, the collector expended the sum of $17,581.82 for the 
payment of the persons whom he employed to carry out his 
instruction to enforce the Embargo Act. Nor was this all. 
In May, 1808, the sloop of war "Wasp," Captain John 
Smith, arrived with a company of troops ; the frigate " Ches- 
apeake," — that ill-omened ship, — Captain Stephen Decatur, 
— that ill-fated officer, — was sent here after the departure of 
the " Wasp " ; and two and even four gunboats were stationed 
in our waters. Every building, every pile of flour, was 
guarded. Boats and barges from the vessels of war were 
kept constantly on the alert; while on shore the collector 
finally demanded the keys of the stores, and would permit 
no person to enter the depositories unless in the presence of 
an officer. But the flour disappeared. There was, indeed, 
no such thing as keeping it here on the American side, in 
piles in the open air, or even in buildings, where it was worth 
only five dollars per barrel, when it could be sold for twelve 
dollars two miles off across the harbor. At first, the price of 
smuggling was but twelve and a half cents ; but, as the risk 
increased, the price advanced, and finally rose to three 
dollars the barrel. Boats of almost every imaginable size 
and condition, and even Indian canoes, were kept employed ; 
and, sometimes, one man earned for his own labor and the 
use of a small boat the sum of forty-seven dollars in twenty- 
four hours, which was paid him in "hard money." The 
smugglers worked under cover of the night and of the fogs, 
and said they knew why fogs were made. They skulked 



146 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

about the rocks, and hid themselves in the indentations of 
the shores. They had other helps ; for the men who were 
appointed to watch their movements became — to follow the 
common accounts — their allies, and favored their unlawful 
enterprise. Persons who intend to measure their words have 
assured me that every man in the pay of the government, 
three excepted, would take hush-money, and that even these 
three would retire or go to sleep while on duty to oblige a 
friend. But, however this may be, it is certain that corrup- 
tion was not unknown, and that individuals were false to 
their trusts. Indeed, as goes the story, it was the practice 
of some of the guards or sentinels, at one time, to allow 
the free-traders to carry off all the flour they pleased, on 
payment of a stipulated sum for each barrel. The price 
sometimes paid was fifty cents the barrel ; and it actually 
happened that men, hired and sworn to prevent smuggling, 
counted the piles of flour under their particular charge, to 
ascertain whether the smugglers or owners rendered them 
accurate accounts of the quantities which they took away. It 
is related, also, that, after sellers and buyers had arranged 
the price and terms of sale, there was often a difficulty be- 
tween them as to the party found to bribe and pay the 
sentinels. I am not satisfied, however, that so thorough 
corruption was general or that the sweeping charges of un- 
faithfulness to which I have listened are strictly true. The 
collector — whatever were his deficiencies in capacity and 
habits of business — was not wanting in zeal, and owed his 
ruin, I am led to conclude, to his ill-advised endeavors to 
suppress the trade. I knew him in his poverty and old age, 
and was in a situation to hear him relate the vicissitudes of 
his life. Nothing seemed to soothe him more than his recol- 
lections of Albert Gallatin, with whom he was associated in 
his youth, and of whom I used to lead him to speak when 
his spirits were greatly depressed. 



EMBARGO AND NON-INTERCOURSE 1 47 

Against the commissioned officers of the army and navy, 
no well-authenticated accusations, as far as my knowledge 
extends, have ever been sustained. That the soldiers who 
deserted from the post had taken bribes when on duty may 
be admitted, as a matter of course. The collector received 
persons into his service whose habits rendered them needy, 
and who had never been trustworthy ; and thus, undoubtedly, 
yielding to the temptations which beset them, they were paid 
by both sides. 

Still, if, as has been often affirmed, all or most were false 
on the land and some on the water, why was it neces- 
sary for smugglers to overawe the sentinels with threats of 
violence ? Why — to allow some sham cases — were servants 
of the government seized, bound, and confined ? Why did 
the free-traders wear arms ? W^hy did the guards on shore 
and the barges of the vessels of war fire so frequently at the 
boats engaged in smuggling .'' Why w^ere there so many ex- 
traordinary feats of skill in rowing, between the pursuers 
and pursued ? and why were a British sloop of war — the 
"Squirrel" — and the cutters " Pogge " and "Hunter" 
stationed across " the line," to protect and succor the latter 
as soon as they passed into British waters ? 

How did it happen that the " Wasp " captured fourteen 
boats laden with merchandise, in one night, though a British 
armed brig and a schooner were moored off Campobello, with 
their decks covered with flour that had been carried safely 
across, and were ready to interfere and open their fire upon 
the first pretence of violated jurisdiction ? How did it hap- 
pen, too, that on another occasion the boats of the " Wasp," 
which were despatched up the Passamaquoddy, were com- 
pelled to a hasty return to the ship, overpowered by those 
whose movements they were sent to watch ? Again, if every 
man could be bought or sent to bed, on payment of hush- 
money, or to oblige a friend, why were there so many ingen- 



148 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

ious devices to elude the vigilance of the various grades of 
persons who were engaged in the preventive service ? 

Four vessels which arrived here, rather than incur the risks 
of unloading and transporting their cargoes in the ordinary 
way, preferred, after entering at the custom-house, to depart 
to the British colonies without their papers, and never to 
return to the United States. Others, when flour sold in 
Jamaica for twenty-five dollars the barrel and lumber for 
seventy-five dollars the thousand feet, adopted the pretence, 
after arriving here, of being "blown to sea in heavy gales, '^ 
and of being " driven to the West Indies by successive 
storms," where they sold their cargoes " in distress." Still 
further, there were many and bitter quarrels between the 
merchants and the collector, in some of which the parties 
hardly refrained from blows. One instance will be related. 
This functionary, suspecting that one of the citizens had in 
his store a quantity of flour which he meant to send over to 
the British side, entered his place of business, accompanied 
by Captain Smith of the navy and Captain Swett of the 
army, with a band of men within call, and demanded the mer- 
chandise in the name of the government. The merchant 
was known to be a man of spirit, — hence the array of offi- 
cials, and underlings to do his bidding. The demand was 
instantly, and most positively, refused. High words ensued 
between all. The merchant, conscious that, whatever were 
his designs, as yet he had violated no law, declared his in- 
tention to stand for his rights to the extremity, and, facing 
the demandants, thus addressed them : " Gentlemen, I am 
here on my own soil, in defence of my own property, and — 
as you have seen fit to conduct — of my personal honor. 
Heed me, then, when I say, as I now do, that no man, be he 
who he may, touches a barrel of this flour except at the peril 
of his life. I have said : now take care of yourselves." 
Awed, the officers retired to consult upon the course the 



EMBARGO AND NON-INTERCOURSE 1 49 

affairs had taken, and finally, calling away their men, de- 
parted ; though, in the outset, so determined had they been 
to effect their purpose that they had hauled a vessel upon 
the beach to receive the flour, and placed soldiers and sail- 
ors on the spot to commence the removal. 

This rapid survey, while it shows the spirit and transac- 
tions of the past, shows also that the narrations of those 
who participated in them are somewhat exaggerated. As all 
the world knows, the tales of smugglers and fishermen are 
always long and frequently adorned. And, besides, matters 
that are correctly stated at first seldom lose in point or gain 
in accuracy by the lapse of years. In the transmission from 
person to person and from one generation to another, sup- 
positions and conjectures easily and almost imperceptibly 
become changed into verities, with date and circumstances. 
Some of the stories which show the peculiar nature of our 
commercial history during the embargo are, however, to be 
received without allowance ; and it is from such that I have 
endeavored to convey a general idea of the occurrences and 
state of society at the time. 

It is remarkable that, in the numerous affrays and col- 
lisions, neither officers nor smugglers were killed. Whatever 
was the remissness of the sentinels and guards on shore, the 
use of fire-arms on the water was frequent. One person, in 
whose statement the utmost confidence is to be placed, has 
assured me that twenty-one bullets were fired at him in the 
course of a single chase ; and a second smuggler, equally 
entitled to credit, relates that, while in pursuit of him, 
eighteen guns were discharged from the government boats 
before he crossed " the line " into British waters. Nor were 
these shots fired at random, for the mere purpose of intimi- 
dation or show ; since it is affirmed that direct aim was 
taken, and that most of the balls passed through the sails 
or between the masts, or struck the water within a few yards 
or feet of the boats. 



150 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

There was one affair, however, in which human life was 
taken by the free-traders. The circumstances appear to have 
been these : Finding that, with all the force employed, smug- 
gling was still continued, a final effort was made to put an 
end to it by refusing to enter at the custom-house vessels 
arriving with cargoes. A vessel which had been refused 
leave to discharge went to Isle Haut, and other places in the 
vicinity of the Penobscot, where her flour was landed and 
put in the care of men appointed by the collector of Castine. 
While thus situated, and late in the fall of 1808, some sailors 
were employed to take the flour from the custody of its 
keepers to a vessel which had been sent from Eastport to 
receive it. In attempting to execute this design, they were 
fired upon by the collector's men, one of whom, in returning 
the fire, they killed on the spot. They then took possession 
of the flour, put it on board of the vessel, and made sail for 
the frontier. But, pursued and overtaken by the revenue 
cutter, they hoisted British colors, and pretended entire igno- 
rance of the crime of which they were accused. Their lad- 
ing betrayed them. They were taken to Castine, where, on 
examination, one of their number testified against them ; and 
they were committed to prison. From another account, it 
appears that the smugglers consisted of fourteen persons, all 
of whom were armed ; that ten of them, carrying guns and 
pistols, started for the shore, and were hailed several times 
by the sentinels before landing ; that, during the affray, one 
of the smugglers was wounded in three places with cut shot ; 
and that the name of the sentinel who was slain was Lazara 
Bogdomovitch. It also appears that only eight of the smug- 
glers were examined and committed ; that some days after 
they were sent to jail a mob of twenty or thirty men, armed 
with pistols, presented themselves to the jailer, and de- 
manded his keys ; and that, before assistance arrived, four 
of the eight were either released or made their escape. It 



EMBARGO AND NON-INTERCOURSE 151 

is further affirmed that, though the vessel sent for this flour 
was registered at Halifax, the real owner lived at Eastport, 
and that every one of the fourteen who were employed in 
the enterprise resided here or immediately across the border. 

While Eastport, now so changed, so quiet and orderly, was 
the scene of the plans, plots, and deeds which have been 
briefly noticed ; while all was excitement, noise, and revel ; 
while regular and legal vocations were nearly suspended ; 
and while the disorders introduced by commercial advent- 
urers and free-traders were increased by the grosser excesses 
of seamen, who, deprived of voyages at home by the em- 
bargo, were continually arriving on their way to the colonies 
in quest of employment there, — we cannot wonder that the 
very name of Moose Island became offensive to men of 
pure morals, or that the odious celebrity which it acquired 
remained long after those who made it a place of evil doing 
had departed. 

I have been told repeatedly that Fort Sullivan w^as built to 
aid the collector of the customs in suppressing the illicit 
trade of the time. This is a mistake, for there is official 
evidence to show that it was one of the several fortifications 
projected in consequence of the relations between the United 
States and France and England. . . . 

The events of the year 1807, especially "the insolence and 
rapacity of British naval commanders," caused increased yet 
weak and inefficient attention of our government to defences 
of the coast, to consist of "land batteries and gunboats." 
In a list of exposed points for the whole United States, 
I find mentioned, as of " secondary importance," the follow- 
ing in our own State, — namely, "York, Kennebunk, Saco, 
Kennebec, Sheepscot, Damariscotta, Broad Bay, St. George's, 
Penobscot, Frenchman's Bay, and Passamaquoddy Bay." 
To these the Secretary of War (General Dearborn) — at the 
instance, possibly, of Colonel Lemuel Trescott — added Ma- 



152 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

chias. The three posts east of Castine, as recommended, 
were to be : at Frenchman's Bay and Machias, " two or three 
small batteries and three cannon mounted on travelling 
carriages, aided by gunboats " ; and for Passamaquoddy, 
" two batteries and a block-house, aided also by a blank 
number of gunboats, but on a large scale.". . . 

In January, 1809, the President informed Congress of the 
use he had made of his discretionary power, and remarked 
that the military works erected had been in accordance with 
the circumstances of the several places ; while, in the report 
of the Secretary of War, at the same time, we have, as con- 
cerns our immediate subject, the information that at " Pas- 
samaquoddy a battery and block-house have been erected, 
and a garrison placed in the works." In December, 1809, 
William Eustis, the successor of General Dearborn, is more 
definite, as thus : " Passamaquoddy, a circular battery of six 
guns mounted, covered by a block-house, with barracks for 
fifty men " ; and the same Secretary, in an official letter in 
December, 18 11, reduces the number of guns to four, but 
communicates to the country the extraordinary fact that the 
battery is built of stone and the barracks of wood. As re- 
lates to Machias, we are informed that there is "a circular 
battery of stone, with heavy guns mounted, covered by a 
block-house, with wooden barracks for forty men and 
officers." 

Turn we now to the facts gleaned from the papers of 
Colonel Lemuel Trescott, collector of customs at Machias, 
under whose direction the fort was laid out and completed. 
He received his instructions as early as April, 1808. Hence, 
aside from what we derive from the State papers, the events 
of the summer and autumn of that year could have had no 
possible influence in the matter. 

It appears, moreover, that the President gave no specific 
directions as to the selection of the site, but, on the con- 



EMBARGO AND NON-INTERCOURSE 1 53 

trary, intrusted that duty to the colonel, requiring only that 
he should purchase ground and build a fort at " Passama- 
quoddy," according to a plan which was transmitted to him. 
Colonel Trescott, in the exercise of his discretion, purchased 
three acres of land on Clark's Hill for the sum of one hun- 
dred and eighty dollars, cleared off the trees, and built Fort 
Sullivan, while the town and the adjacent waters were 
thronged with smugglers. Though an officer in the Revolu- 
tion, he confessed that he was " no engineer," and in a letter 
to Major Joseph G. Swift, of the United States Army, sta- 
tioned at Boston, requested advice upon several material 
points. 

It was intended that a ditch and a line of pickets should 
surround the works ; but the earth was found to be but from 
three to fifteen inches in thickness above the ledges of which 
the hill is composed, and this part of the design was aban- 
doned. The fort, as then completed, consisted of a crescent 
battery, of stone mason-work, laid in lime, eleven feet thick, 
and, including the sods on the top, six and a half feet high, 
with platforms for cannon ; a block-house, of pine timber, two 
stories high, with walls fourteen inches in thickness ; and a 
magazine, ten feet square, with walls two feet in thickness, 
and an arched roof. Before the close of the season, the 
whole was completed, four eighteen-pounders were mounted, 
and Captain Moses Swett — who, as will be remembered, 
with his company of United States artillery, arrived in the 
*'Wasp" in May — removed from temporary quarters into 
the garrison. 

The masons were brought from Massachusetts, and were 
supposed to be workmen ; but the masonry was soon found 
to be defective and to need repairs. In 1809, further expen- 
ditures were made, and buildings for the accommodation of 
officers and soldiers were erected. A fort open on all sides, 
otherwise weak, and built for less than five thousand dollars. 



154 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

could not, it might be reasonably concluded, excite envy or 
alarm. But the people of Robbinston insisted that they 
required a fortification far more than their neighbors of 
Moose Island, and raised a clamor because their superior 
claims were overlooked ; while, on the other hand. Admiral 
Sir John B. Warren and General Prevost, governor of Nova 
Scotia, insisted that his Britannic Majesty still considered all 
the islands in Passamaquoddy Bay as belonging to New 
Brunswick, and desired to be informed why military works 
were erected by order of the American government on one 
of them. 

That Colonel Trescott exercised a sound discretion in the 
choice of the particular town may be seen in the relative 
importance of all the towns on the bay at the present time, 
and that the pretensions of England were unfounded subse- 
quent events most clearly proved. 

Equally certain is it that Clark's Hill was well chosen, 
since it is precipitous in front, commands the village and 
much of the harbor, and affords one of the finest views 
imaginable. It was selected, however, in preference to other 
spots on the island, after much hesitation, and at the re- 
peated solicitation of an estimable citizen, on whose authority 
the fact is stated. 

For whom, was the fort named? is a question which may 
well detain us a moment. Certainly, for a distinguished man 
with the surname of Sullivan. But there were three of that 
description : thus, John, of New Hampshire, a major-general 
in the Revolution, who died in 1795 ; his son George, a mem- 
ber of Congress, and an attorney-general of New Hamp- 
shire, who died in 1838 ; and James, brother of John, a 
governor of Massachusetts, who died in 1808, the very year 
the fort was completed. George is utterly beyond considera- 
tion, because he was a Federalist, and on the declaration of 
war was one of the members of Congress who addressed the 



EMBARGO AND NON-INTERCOURSE 155 

country in opposition to the measure. As relates to James, 
it may be remarked that it is not usual to name military 
posts for civilians of State rank merely ; yet it is possible 
that, as James was a Democrat, and, besides, an intimate 
personal friend of General Dearborn, who was Secretary of 
War, there was a departure from the rule. But, on the other 
hand, Dearborn was an officer in the Revolution, and in the 
expedition against the Indians known as the Six Nations 
was under the command of John, the general ; and I incline 
to the opinion that for John the honor was designed. . . . 

To resume my narrative. During the year 1809, Eastport 
was comparatively deserted by those whose loose morals and 
free use of money had been so pernicious to its real pros- 
perity. 

At the opening of business in the spring, many of the 
inducements to the prosecution of contraband trade which 
existed in 1808 had ceased; while in August the ports of 
St. John and Halifax were closed by proclamation against 
the free admission of American produce. The principal 
trade which remained was in gypsum, or plaster of Paris. 
The restrictive policy of both governments — fast hurrying 
to war — compelled the American people on the frontier, as 
well as those in the colonies, to resort to various expedients 
in order to earn subsistence. The traffic in gypsum was of 
consequence to both, and the article was extensively used 
in the agriculture of the South.. That a commodity deemed 
essential to increase and to cheapen the production of South- 
ern staples was entirely interdicted may appear strange to 
those who are familiar with the politics of the times. But 
such was the case, and there was no lawful means of intro- 
ducing plaster of Paris into the United States. Still, as — 
in the words of the old adage — " necessity is the mother 
of invention," a way, carrying upon the face of things the 
forms of law, was speedily devised. It was this : A merchant 



156 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

here would purchase a cargo of plaster, bring it into Ameri- 
can waters, and perhaps land it. He would then go to the 
collector of the customs, and lodge information against it, — 
against his own property, be it remembered. In due time, it 
would be condemned and sold. At the sale, opposing bid- 
ders — where all were alternately alike situated and did the 
same thing — were of course few; and the owner purchased 
it much at his own price, besides receiving, on settlement 
with the collector, his share of the proceeds as the informer. 
Thus, then, he had obtained a quantity of plaster, which, 
having been forfeited to the government by his own act, 
could be transported under the protection of the law to 
any port in the country. A few tons — just enough, as 
the phrase was, " to swear by " — were put on board of an 
American vessel, and cleared at the custom-house. As the 
deputy collector was very accommodating, — such is the story, 
— the clearance specifying no definite quantity, the balance 
of a cargo could be taken in on the British side, without 
exciting suspicion when that document should be examined 
at the port of destination. To Head Harbor, or some other 
place across " the line," the vessel was accordingly sent, to 
complete her lading. Another practice was to clear at the 
custom-house a definite number of tons and about one-tenth 
what the vessel would carry, and then, by adding two letters 
to the quantity cleared, make a full and legal cargo. Thus, 
if six tons were specified in the clearance, the addition of ty 
made six sixty, so seven became seventy, and nine ninety. 
By these and similar methods, the trade was safely continued 
until the restrictions were removed. 

Not one, I suppose, of the prominent actors in the scenes 
of which I have rapidly spoken, is now alive. Among them, 
to accept what has been related to me, were men whose 
whole career was checkered and eventful, and whose history, 
if written out, would teach us many, many useful lessons. 



EMBARGO AND NON-INTERCOURSE 



157 



As has been said, most of them were mere sojourners here. 
Of those who continued in town, three or four only were of 
an age to be leaders, or very considerable participants, in 
the hazardous and exciting enterprises of which I have 
spoken. 

The number of vessels which arrived and departed the 
Passamaquoddy, "sixty years since," was large. Most of 
them, however, were owned by inhabitants of other parts of 
the country; and some of them seem to have been named 
with particular reference to the times or their employment. 
Thus, one was called the " Honest Tom," a second the 
"Federal," another the "Hazard," a fourth the "Mind- 
well," and still another, the " Financier." Of the few ves- 
sels which belonged to residents of Eastport, the schooner 
" Delesdernier," John Shackford, master, and the sloop 
" Packet," commanded by Anthony Brooks, were possibly 
the only two of suitable size and equipment to perform 
voyages at a distance. Captain Joseph Livermore, who was 
master of the first packet to Boston which was owned in 
town, retired from the business more than a year before the 
embargo, and had been commissioned a lieutenant in the 
revenue service. These three gentlemen, it is believed, were 
all who were, or had been, in charge of vessels of burden 
or value. 

At that period, it may be remarked, too, that little or no 
attention had been given to many things which are now 
deemed of the highest consequence. There was no suitable 
place of worship ; there was no adequate provision made for 
schools. Boynton, Key, Water, and Washington Streets 
were the only public ways ; and these had been obstructed 
by gates and bars down to the very time to which our nar- 
rative relates. The first dwelling-house of two stories was 
but six years old; and five — perhaps six — buildings of this 
description comprised the whole number which had been 



158 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

built upon the island. The soil was uncultivated, and a 
large part of it covered with trees and bushes. Cows and 
other domestic animals were uncommon. A horse was a 
curiosity, and many persons never saw one until 1804. The 
mail arrived but once in a week. The town had sent a rep- 
resentative to the General Court of Massachusetts but a 
single year. The country on the main was sparsely peopled 
and densely wooded. The towns of Perry, Robbinston, and 
Calais had no incorporated existence. Lubec, almost a 
wilderness, still formed a part of Eastport. The distance 
to Bangor, as travelled, was nearly two hundred miles. 
The roads leading to the Penobscot were bad, almost beyond 
description. Two years had hardly elapsed since the first 
journey had been made on horseback between the frontier 
and Machias ; and, to communicate with Robbinston, even 
on foot, it was necessary, after crossing Tuttle's Ferry, to fol- 
low the beaches and shores. 

Few changes occurred before the war. To that event, 
therefore, we now direct our attention. 

On the ist of April, 18 12, another Act of Embargo passed 
Congress. Of " all the days in the year," exclaimed John 
Randolph, in his bitter invectives against the measure, *' April 
fools' day ! " This was considered as the precursor of war. 
Our relations with England had been hostile for a long 
course of years ; and, indeed, the careful student of State 
papers and documentary history will conclude that, from the 
peace of 1783, the causes and the manner of the parting 
between the mother and her children had been continually 
in the minds of both, and that at no distant day there would 
be a renewal of the quarrel. . . . 

The tidings that hostilities actually existed between Eng- 
land and the United States, though not unexpected by the 
people of Eastport, fell upon them with stunning force ; and 
many families prepared for immediate removal to places less 



WAR OF l8l2 1^9 

exposed. Adventurers and free-traders had continued to 
resort to the frontier, and several were in town. Twenty 
American vessels were at anchor in the harbor ; and, at the 
neighboring port of St. Andrews, thirty English ships, pro- 
tected by two small vessels of war, were hurrying on board 
cargoes of timber. The inhabitants on both sides of the 
boundary line, feeling that the injuries which they could in- 
flict upon one another would only imbitter their own lives 
without helping either government, and bound together by 
ties of business, consanguinity, and friendship, determined 
to mutually discourage predatory excursions, and to live on 
as amicable terms as the state of affairs would allow. To 
a very considerable extent, this resolution was adhered to 
throughout the conflict. . . . 

The impression seems almost universal among the inhabi- 
tants that Fort Sullivan was occupied by regular troops at 
the commencement of hostilities. The account is that Lieu- 
tenant Samuel Maclay succeeded Captain Swett, and re- 
mained until ordered to a more important post of duty. 
This may be the fact. But, on the other hand, the State 
papers of the time show that, only twelve days before the 
declaration of war, the number of troops in the whole of 
New England was precisely three hundred and twenty-four ; 
namely, one hundred and ninety-three at Boston and one 
hundred and thirty-one at Newport. Immediately after the 
declaration, however. General Dearborn made a call on Gov- 
ernor Strong for troops, in accordance with instructions from 
the President, and stated that one company of artillery and 
four companies of infantry were required for the post at 
Eastport. Governor Strong replied to the general's com- 
munication on the 5th of August, and informed him that, as 
persons from this town and Robbinston had been deputed to 
make known the wishes of the inhabitants, who entertained 
no fears of invasion from authorized British forces, but were 



l6o EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

apprehensive of predatory excursions from lawless people on 
the borders, he had that day issued an order for two com- 
panies to be stationed at Eastport, and for one company to 
take post at Robbinston, to be commanded by a major. 

Two of these companies were detached from the brigade 
of General John Blake, on the Penobscot, and were in com- 
mand of Captain Joshua Chamberlain, of Orrington, grand- 
father of the ex-Governor Chamberlain, and Captain Thomas 
George, of Brewer. The third was commanded by Captain 
Thomas Vose, Jr., of Robbinston. Major Nathan Low, of 
Deer Isle, was detailed as the superior officer, but was ex- 
cused ; and Major Jacob Ulmer,* of Lincolnville, was desig- 
nated in his place, and repaired to the frontier. 

On the departure of Chamberlain's company from home, 
a religious meeting was appointed, a sermon preached, ex- 
hortations delivered by several ministers, and prayers offered 
by both clergymen and laymen. The soldiers were going, it 
was thought, to a barbarous region, where the enemy on one 
hand and the American smugglers on the other would, as 
kind friends supposed, certainly destroy them. Hence the 
solemn services and the more solemn partings which fol- 
lowed them on the green in front of the meeting-house, all 
of which I well remember. My own father was one of the 
clero-vmen who officiated on the occasion. I was a little 
fellow, and was so frightened at the military display, at the 
sobbing and tears of parting friends, that I cried myself, 
and crossed the river for home, much distressed. In truth, 
the scene is still fresh in my memory. And more : William 
Cobb, one of the soldiers, after his return hired with my 
father. His first work was to sharpen rails ; and, to keep 
them steady and to turn them over, I was employed to sit 
astride. To while away the time, and amuse a boy who 
loved to play better than to study even, he told me from day 
to day about Moose Island, its scenery, its headlands, the 

*The official order sz-y^ Jacob Ulmer: individuals here say Philip Ulmer. 



WAR OF l8l2 l6l 

rise and fall of the tides, the smugglers, and everything con- 
nected with his own stay there, which interested me greatly. 
Without these stories, when compelled to " seek my fortune " 
somewhere, I should not have so much as thought of East- 
port, certainly not have sought a home there. 

To resume my narrative. These militia and the volunteers 
enlisted in town and the neighborhood continued service 
about a year, when they were relieved by regulars. The dis- 
cipline of the militia was lax, and they committed many dep- 
redations upon the very people whom they were sent to 
protect from the incursions of marauders. It is related that, 
at one time, the pork of their rations was bad, and consisted 
principally of legs and heads, and that they plundered the 
potato patches of the inhabitants at will. On complaint 
being made to one of the captains, he rebuked his company 
on parade for the offence with some severity. After he had 
finished his harangue, a green, tow-haired Jonathan of a 
fellow stepped out of the ranks, and, with a knowing cant of 
his head, said, " Why, Cap'n, don't you expect that your 
men will root, when you give them so much hogs' heads 
to eat?" 

The troops of the United States were first under command 
of George Ulmer, a major-general in the militia, who, being 
appointed colonel in the national army, resigned his commis- 
sion. Colonel Ulmer was much disliked. The citizens, un- 
able to bear the insults and oppressions which he authorized 
or permitted, appointed a committee to investigate the sub- 
jects of complaint, and to report a statement of facts. Their 
report and the depositions of several respectable persons are 
in my possession, and show that the inhabitants suffered the 
most wanton and unprovoked injuries. It is averred, on the 
other hand, by Colonel Ulmer's friends, that his unpopular- 
ity was caused by his exertions to prevent smuggling and 
other illicit intercourse with the enemy. In 1814, he was 



1 62 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

succeeded by Major Perley Putnam, of the Fortieth Regi- 
ment of United States Infantry. His force consisted of the 
companies of Captain J. B. Varnum and Captain John FilU- 
brown at Fort SulUvan, and a third company at a slight forti- 
fication erected at Robbinston. The whole number of troops 
on the frontier did not at any time exceed two hundred and 
ten men ; nor was it greater, or even so great, after the regu- 
lars relieved the militia. 

The inhabitants the first year of the war were not sufferers 
to any extent for breadstuffs and other necessary articles 
of food. The intercourse with the ports South was inter- 
rupted, but with Boston it was maintained with sufficient 
regularity to supply their pressing wants. But in 1813 com- 
munication by vessels became hazardous ; and resort was 
had to open boats, which, by keeping close to the shore by 
day and stopping by night, performed trips to Boston, Ports- 
mouth, and Portland with safety during the summer months. 
In craft of this description, fish and oil were exported and 
articles of consumption received. Three of our townsmen — 
John Shackford, Darius Pearce, and another — were in one 
of these boats, off Pemaquid Point, bound to Portsmouth, 
when the " Boxer " got under way to meet the " Enterprise." 
As the " Boxer " passed them, they pulled round the point, 
and went on shore to witness the fight. After the first fire, 
the smoke obstructed their view ; but they drank success to 
their countrymen during the action. When they saw both 
vessels standing toward Portland, they testified their joy by 
cheers and additional potations. 

In 1812 and a part of 18 13, American privateers were 
numerous in the Bay of Fundy, and often came into the 
harbor or passed up the bay to Robbinston. Five were at 
West Quoddy Head at one time. Some of these privateers 
were very successful in making prizes. Among their capt- 
ures were the " Jarroth," of four hundred tons, the " Fanny," 



WAR OF l8l2 163 

with a cargo of sugar valued at $18,000, the bark ''Will- 
iam," the ship " Concord," the brig " Elbe," and a schooner 
with specie. These and several smaller prizes were taken 
when bound to or from the port of St. Andrews. In preying 
upon the commerce of St. John, it is believed that they were 
still more fortunate. Their presence in our waters was the 
cause of frequent rumors and alarms. At one time five, 
and at another three, — as was conjectured, — were hovering 
about the bay, for the purpose of making a descent upon St. 
Andrews and of seizing the shipping there ; and it was 
threatened that, in retaliation, Eastport should be burned. 
An attack upon several British vessels aground at Indian 
Island by three of the privateers, the " Fame " and " Re- 
venge " of Salem, and the " Industry " of Lynn, caused a 
threat of reprisal to be made, and angry messages to be 
sent and answered. Some of the privateers were, in fact, 
no better than pirates. Of this description was the 
"Weazel," commissioned by the collector at Castine, and 
commanded by Edward Snow, of Hampden, Me., a preacher 
of the gospel, whom I knew as a boy knows a man. On the 
9th of June, 18 13, this minister went to Beaver Harbor, 
N.B., robbed the house of Captain H. Young of fifteen 
barrels of sugar, the clothing of the family, and even the 
children's toys. The owner was absent, and no resistance 
was made. The same night, Snow captured a small vessel 
bound from St. John to St. Andrews. News of these in- 
famous exploits reached Campobello the next day, when 
two boats were fitted out, and sent in pursuit. They re- 
captured the vessel, chased Snow to Grand Manan, and 
drove him and crew to the shore, and, one man excepted, 
into the woods. Prior to this affair, the British cruisers in 
the Bay of Fundy had never interrupted American fishing- 
boats in their pursuits ; but Captain Gordon of the " Rat- 
tler " now ordered them olT, and gave notice that such as 



164 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

were found beyond certain prescribed limits would be capt- 
ured and destroyed. 

It may be added that other American private armed ves- 
sels did not scruple to fire upon and otherwise annoy our 
own flag, and that one of them made prize of and sent to 
Salem the brig " Sally " (Porter, master), owned by citizens 
of this town. These privateers were generally vessels, but 
some were mere open row-boats ; others, though still without 
decks, used sails. The largest, as now to be ascertained, 
were the " Fame," the " Revenge," the " Growler," and 
"Wasp," all of Salem, the "Lily" of Portland, and the 
" Industry " of Lynn. In June, 18 13, the " Fame " was com- 
manded by Captain Chapman, and was in the bay on her 
eighth cruise. The " Lil}'," in coming out of Little River in 
December, 1812, fell in with the " Breame," and, not being 
able to escape, ran on shore, where she lost her mast by 
the " Breame's " fire, but escaped capture, repaired dam- 
ages, and put to sea. The " Wasp " was taken by the 
" Breame " in June, 1813, and carried into St. John. 

No privateer was owned here. Noah Edgecomb was in 
command of the " Olive " of Portland, and was the only 
inhabitant, possibly, who engaged in privateering as an 
officer. 

In concluding the topic, it remains to speak of the cruisers 
of the enemy. Of these, several were of size and force. Of 
this description were the frigate " Spartan," Captain E. P. 
Brinton, a native of Rhode Island and the son of a Loyalist 
of the Revolution, the frigate " Maidstone," Captain George 
Burditt. Such also were the " Fantome," Captain J. Law- 
rence, the "Rattler," Captain A. Gordon, the "Indian," Cap- 
tain Henry Jane, the " Emulous," Captain W. M. Godfrey, 
and the " Martin," Captain H. F. Senhouse, all sloops of 
war, the brig " Plumper," Lieutenant J. Bray, and the brig 
"Boxer," Lieutenant Samuel Blythe ; while the "Breame," 



WAR OF l8l2 165 

Lieutenant Hare, though smaller than either of the sloops 
or brigs, was dreaded for her activity and success. The 
" Spartan " and " Maidstone " made great havoc among the 
American privateers which cruised in the bay in 1812. 
The " Indian," the same- year, passed Fort Sullivan with her 
colors struck, to prevent or escape its fire, proceeded to 
Robbinston, where she made a prize of an American vessel 
with a cargo valued at $15,000, crossed to St. Andrews, and 
thence conveyed a number of ships to St. John, to join con- 
voy for England, and captured the privateers " Argus," 
" Fair Trader," and " Madison," and the brig " Mars " from 
Portugal. 

The " Plumper " was a great scourge, but her career vv-as 
short. During the summer and fall of 18 12, she made many 
valuable prizes, and afforded convoy to vessels bound to sea 
from St. Andrews. On the 5th of December, she was totally 
lost on Point Lepreau; and forty-two persons perished. 
Lieutenant Bray was saved. Among those who lost their 
lives were several of her officers and a number of passengers. 
Of the latter, the names of Dr. and Mrs. Wright, Mr. Cun- 
ningham, and Mr. Crawford, of the commissary department, 
have been preserved. She had on board a large sum in 
specie, the principal part of which was subsequently recov- 
ered.* The " Martin " was a frequent visitor. Sometimes, 
she anchored off the town and in sight ; at others, she lay in 
Harbor L'Etaing for weeks. Toward the close of 18 13, with 
the help of a tender, she blockaded our port for nearly a 
month, and cut off the chebacco boats and other small craft 
which approached it with supplies. 

The "Breame" was still more annoying. She seems to 
have been one of the earliest of the British cruisers that came 
on the eastern coast, and few of them were more fortunate. 

*The Spanish dollars received from the wreck of the "Plumper" were discolored 
by the salt water, and, when put in circulation, were called " plumpers." 



1 66 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

The first notice I find of her bears date in July, 1812, 
when, under a flag of truce, she carried to Boston one or 
more of the seamen taken from the " Chesapeake " by the 
"Leopard " in 1807, and returned to Halifax. Subsequently, 
she made twenty-six captures in a short time. Most of the 
prizes were burned ; but during one cruise she spared so 
many of her crew to man vessels which she had captured that 
she was utterly defenceless, and she kept her prisoners below, 
fast in irons. 

Among the prizes were the schooners " Delesdernier" and 
"Dolphin," and three smaller vessels which belonged to East- 
port. John Shackford was master of the first ; and Samuel 
Wheeler, an owner, was on board as a passenger. They paid 
ransom for their property, and were released. The " Dol- 
phin" was owned by Jabez Mowry, commanded by Anthony 
Brooks, bound to Cadiz, and was captured off Head Harbor 
and sent to Halifax. Captain Brooks fell into their posses- 
sion a second time off West Quoddy, in a chebacco boat, in 
which, after the loss of the "Dolphin," he attempted to pro- 
ceed to Boston. The fourth prize was also a chebacco boat, 
in which were the brothers Samuel and Jacob Shackford, who 
paid a stipulated sum and were given up. The fifth was the 
schooner "Fortune," owned by Jabez Mowry, and commanded 
by John Webster. Vessel and cargo were sent to St. John. 
Similar incidents connect the "Rattler" with the history of 
Eastport. Among the prizes was the "Expedition," which 
was the second vessel built here, to run as a packet to 
Boston. The "Expedition" was of one hundred and thirty 
tons burden, was owned by the firm of Dana, Wheeler & 
Bartlett, and Jabez Mowry, and commanded by Anthony 
Brooks. When captured, twenty-two passengers were on 
board ; and among them were Samuel Wheeler, and a Mr. 
Morton, of Gloucester, Mass. The British officers who took 
possession ordered Mr. Wheeler in an insolent tone to haul 



WAR OF l8l2 167 

down her colors. He turned and said, "Did you speak to 
me, sir?" "Yes," was the reply. "Well," rejoined Mr. 
Wheeler, " if the colors don't come down till / haul them 
down, they'll fly a long time." The passengers were taken 
on board of the " Rattler," but were subsequently transferred 
to her companion, the " Emulous," with the design of set- 
ting them on shore at Head Harbor ; but the wind blew a 
gale, and they were landed, about dark, on the day of cap- 
ture, at West Quoddy. Mr. Wheeler and Mr. Morton were, 
however, detained some hours longer for contumacy, and for 
planning — as was supposed — to release themselves and 
companions from captivity. The " Expedition " was sent 
to St. John, was named the " Sarah," and was owned by 
Thomas Milbridge. After the war, she was in the plaster 
trade ; and some of her cargoes were sold here at ^9.60 the 
ton. Solomon Rice, the purchaser of one cargo, gave for it 
a bucket even full of dollars, a barrel of beef, and another 
of pork. The master received the money without count- 
ing ; for, "by the look of it," said he, "I am sure there is 
enough." John Webster, in a sloop bound to Eastport 
with provisions, was captured by the brig " Curlew," off 
Deer Island. The sloop was sent to Halifax. Three days 
after, the " Curlew " made prize of another sloop loaded 
with wood, and put on board Captain Webster and about 
one hundred other prisoners, who arrived at Cape Ann. 

Darius Pearce, in command of the schooner " Sally," — 
better known by the name of the " Old Sal," — was taken by 
the frigate " Spartan " and carried to St. John. The " Sally " 
was owned by Dana, Wheeler & Bartlett; and, as one of the 
firm was at St. John on her arrival there, vessel, cargo, and 
crew were released. John Shackford — for the third time 
a prisoner — was captured off Cape Ann in the schooner 
" Delesdernier," by a frigate, and sent to Halifax. His 
brother Samuel was his companion. On his arrival at Hali- 



1 68 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

fax, he was without a hat, and, one dollar excepted, entirely 
destitute of money. 

In July, 1813, Noah Edgecomb was captured off West 
Quoddy light-house by the British privateer " Retrieve," 
Captain Crane. Captain Edgecomb had taken in some flour 
and other stores at Machias for the garrison at Fort Sulli- 
van, and was on his passage home. He was detained one 
night, and was released. The captors gave up his vessel, 
but kept his cargo, which they transferred to a sloop which 
they had taken the day previous. 

The " Boxer," like the cruisers already mentioned, is well 
remembered. Lieutenant Blythe, her commander, was known 
to several of our inhabitants and was respected for his manly 
and generous conduct. He made several prizes off the har- 
bor, and three vessels bound in fell into his hands near 
West Quoddy at one time. His visits were often ill-timed, 
for it was his fortune to intercept supplies at moments of 
absolute want; but, though in the course of his duty he 
caused distress, he was liberal in adjusting terms of ran- 
som, and treated his prisoners with kindness. A week 
before his death, John Shackford, Darius Pearce, and Sam- 
uel Shackford were his captives. "* They were in a small 
boat, and were taken within a few miles from home. He 
asked them about the " Enterprise," and said he hoped to 
fall in with her, that seizing upon craft like theirs was detes- 
table business, and that he wished to make a prize honor- 
able to his profession. One of them replied that he "had 
better keep clear of the ' Enterprise,' for she would surely 
prove a ' Scotch prize.' " He took the remark in perfect 
good nature, and laughingly replied, "Oh, no!" Blythe was 
short and thick, very straight, of a light complexion, and 
handsome person. His manners were open and social, and 

* Captain Thomas Reed, who subsequently commanded several steamers plying from 
St. John, was pilot of the "Boxer." He knew the prisoners, and aided in effecting 
their release. 



WAR OF l8l2 169 

he spoke without harshness or authority. He released his 
three prisoners, and proceeded in search of the " Enter- 
prise," and on the 5th of September, 18 13, engaj^ed her. 
Forty-six of his officers and crew were killed and wounded 
in the battle. Blythe was among the slain ; and the people 
of Portland buried him by the side of Burrows, his antago- 
nist. The capture of the " Boxer " was an event which gave 
universal joy to the inhabitants of the eastern coast, because 
of the annoyance she gave to them and their trade. 

Two instances more of the personal sufferings endured by 
our citizens may now be given, to complete our hasty survey. 
These, though differing somewhat from those already re- 
lated, still serve to show the miseries which governments 
inflict upon individuals, when they wickedly refuse to adjust 
national quarrels. The first is the case of Captain Ebenezer 
B. Tuttle, who perished some years since in the schooner 
" Champion." Captain Tuttle was impressed during the 
embargo, and served in the British navy until the close of 
the war. He was drafted to the "Java" for the cruise in 
which she met the " Constitution," but was excused on stat- 
ing his dislike to service, which would be likely to bring him 
in conflict with his countrymen. At a subsequent period, he 
was attached to a ship of the line stationed off New York. 
His situation was never pleasant, and at times extremely 
disagreeable. He intended to escape from the first, and, 
accomplishing his design finally, returned home. 

The second is that of the brig " Orient." This vessel was 
owned by Jabez Mowry and the firm of Dana & Wheeler, 
and under the command of William Shackford. Early in 
18 1 2, she sailed from Eastport for Cadiz, with a cargo of 
rice and flour. When within twenty-five miles of her port 
of destination, she was taken by three French privateers and 
carried into San Lucar. The seamen were sent to prison; 
but Captain Shackford, his mate, and cook were left desti- 



lyo EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

tute in the streets. The three went on board another Amer- 
ican prize, where they lived on charity four weeks. Our 
townsmen then succeeded in procuring charge of an Ameri- 
can vessel under a British license, laden with wine for Lon- 
don, to touch at Plymouth for convoy. On the passage, he 
heard of the declaration of war. 

He remained at London several months, waiting for an 
opportunity to get to the United States, and at last shipped 
as a common seaman in a brig bound to Boston. 

As yet, I have said nothing of British privateers. None, 
I think, were cruising in this quarter in 1812. But, early in 
18 13, authority was given to commission private vessels in 
New Brunswick and Nova Scotia ; and they soon became 
numerous. Among them were the "Thorn," the "Curlew," 
the "Rapid," the "Fly," the "Dart," and the "Liverpool 
Packet." They were all troublesome. The " Liverpool 
Packet " was one of the most fortunate armed vessels that 
was upon the coast during the contest. She was fitted out 
in Nova Scotia, and was commanded by Joseph Barrs. 
After taking prizes to the value of upward of $300,000, she 
was herself captured, and ordered to an American port, 
but was retaken and refitted by her original owners. Again 
successful, her captures in a few days amounted to $100,000. 
The " Fly," another of the Nova Scotia privateers, seized 
upon the schooner boat " Success," Snow, bound to East- 
port with government stores for Fort Sullivan, in June, 18 13, 
and, putting on board a prize-master and a boy, ordered her 
to a colonial port. Captain Snow, who had but one leg and 
was alone, rose upon the prize-master, killed him, and ar- 
rived in the Narraguagus River, where his victim was de- 
cently buried. The master of the " Fly " was Elkinah Cle- 
ments, who treated our countrymen when in his power with 
kindness. He once gave up a prize of some value without 
ransom, on condition that her master should carry into Bos- 



WAR OF l8l2 



171 



ton or Salem a young lady who was passenger in another 
vessel which he had captured; and his course, generally, was 
dictated by the same spirit. 

Besides the losses already spoken of, our citizens suffered 
others, the principal of which may be noticed. Early in the 
war, the schooner "Raven," bound here from Philadelphia 
with a cargo of flour, the property of Messrs. N. B. & S. 
Bucknam and Wooster Tuttle, was captured off Portland and 
sent to Halifax. As she sailed under a British license, an 
agent of the owners of the cargo succeeded in recovering 
partial remuneration. In 18 13, a sloop owned by the 
Messrs. Bucknams, under convoy of a British armed brig, 
and also furnished with a license and bound from St. John 
to Boston, drifted under the guns of Fort Sullivan, was 
fired upon and made a prize. Her cargo, which con- 
sisted of hardware worth $20,000, was taken out and sold 
at auction. Vessel and cargo were bought in by the owners, 
when, protected from British cruisers by the license, a sec- 
ond attempt was made to perform the voyage. When off 
Cape Ann, she was examined by a British privateer, which 
the master mistook for an American, and accordingly de- 
stroyed the license. Thus become again a prize, she was 
sent to a port in Nova Scotia. The loss — increased by the 
purchase money after the first seizure and subsequent ex- 
penses — was about $30,000. The schooner " Olinda Ann," 
owned by Ezekiel Prince, was lost to him in January of the 
same year. It appears that the "Diligence," Symonds, of 
eighteen guns, from London to Halifax and St. John, with 
ammunition for the garrison at the latter place, drove on 
shore near Machias in a gale, and that boats were sent to 
take the " Olinda Ann" as she passed by soon after. Sym- 
onds, learning that an attack on his ship was meditated at 
Eastport, hastily put a part of his goods into the " Olinda 
Ann," burned the wreck and such of the cargo as he could 



172 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

not get into the schooner, and embarked in her for St. 
John. 

These details might be continued ; but enough has been 
given to convey a general idea of what war is, when its rav- 
ages are seen, felt, and mourned over at home or around us. 
It remains, then, in concluding this chapter of our history, 
to speak once more of the contraband trade which for years 
caused Moose Island to be everywhere spoken of in terms 
of reproach. I am disposed to conclude that here the illicit 
traffic in 18 12 was very limited. The seizures on record, 
which I have examined, are few; and the value of goods 
seized appears to have been small. 

A few bales of blankets, the sloop "Venture," occasionally 
a boat, comprise the details until January, 18 12, when Colo- 
nel Ulmer took possession of the sloop " Betsey," Tebbets, 
and the schooner " True American," Blake, on the charge of 
lading on the British side of the Passamaquoddy. But the 
contraband trade was not abandoned. There is ample evi- 
dence that the adventurers to this region only changed their 
plans, and that they kept up constant intercourse with St. 
John and Halifax. The new device was the employment of 
British or American vessels, with the register and flag of 
some neutral European power, to transport British goods 
direct from a port in the colonies to a port in the United 
States. This infamous evasion of law, I lament to say, was 
countenanced by the Secretary of the Treasury, as we shall 
find proof under his own signature, when we come to speak 
of the capture of the islands in 18 14. This device, however, 
lasted only until June, 18 13, when, by proclamation, the Brit- 
ish government declared a " blockade " of the whole coast 
of the United States, from the Passamaquoddy to the Missis- 
sippi, — a measure which, to have been in conformity with 
the law of nations, would have required all the ships-of-war 
and all the merchant vessels of every country in the world. 



WAR OF 1812 



173 



including Chinese junks and Indian canoes. Yet, absurd as 
was the "paper blockade," it produced great alarm, and seri- 
ously lessened our lawful trade ; and, besides, it caused a 
change in the unlawful trade in the " neutral vessels," for 
the reason that neutrals as well as belligerents are required 
to respect "blockade." But what then? Were the illicit 
traders foiled ? No, indeed : as in the embargo, Eastport 
at once became the theatre of their operations. " Neutral 
voyages " here could be made, short and safe. It was but 
a moment's work to give an American or a British vessel a 
Swedish register and to transform Yankees or Blue-noses 
into natives of Stockholm or Upsaal. In war, dealings with 
an enemy, perjury, fraud, and deceit are small crimes : mur- 
ders, burnings, and robberies, the tears of homeless women 
and children, and the shouts and bonfires for "glorious 
victories " swallow up or make virtues of common wicked- 
nesses ; and hence to swear men and vessels through the 
custom-house at Passamaquoddy was an innocent device to 
boast of in drunken revels. 

Indian Island and Campobello were as suddenly con- 
verted into places of great business. English goods and 
wares were shipped to them from the large colonial ports 
in bales and casks, and in vast quantities. These goods 
were there stow'ed in and on a "neutral vessel" until the 
deck was almost even with the water ; but, nevertheless, 
this description of craft was so swift as to make a pas- 
sage from Sweden to Eastport in three or four hours, and 
sometimes, aided with sweeps and oars, and with boats 
ahead to enter a cargo at the custom-house, twice the same 
day. Thus, legally introduced into the United States, manu- 
factures of silk, wool, and cotton, and of the metals were 
laden in boats for places up the bays and streams westerly 
of Moose Island, transferred at the head of navigation to 
wagons, thence carried to the Penobscot, and finally to Port- 



174 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

land, Boston, and even New York. Travelling with teams 
between the frontier and the Penobscot was extremely diffi- 
cult ; but all obstacles were overcome, and a trade, spirited 
and extensive, was conducted as long as the gains met the 
risks and expenses. 

But those who engaged in these adventures were not 
always careful to cover their proceedings with the letter of 
the statute-book. Merchandise of various kinds, boats, and 
vessels were seized, not only by the collector, but by the 
officer in command of the fort. Houses and stores were 
searched, and soldiers sent in pursuit of smugglers. In a 
word, property to a large amount was forfeited to the govern- 
ment from time to time, and the proceeds divided in accord- 
ance with the laws. 

To illustrate: in June, 1814, the "Marshall " deposited in 
the Bank of Cumberland, Portland, the sum of $52,345.27, 
being the share which belonged to the government from the 
seizure and condemnation of one vessel only and her cargo. 
This, however, — in a single case, — was by far the largest 
amount ascertained in the course of my investigations. 

Thus far we have considered war to the inhabitants of 
Moose Island only as near them. As yet, the iron heel of 
War had not trod the soil. But what War did when it came 
to our fireside, and violated the hearth-stone, remains to be 
shown. 



CHAPTER V. 

MOOSE ISLAND AND ITS DEPENDENCIES FOUR 
YEARS UNDER MARTIAL LAW.=* 

BY LORENZO SABINE. 

... I DESIGNED, years ago, to write a History of Eastport, 
but feel at last that I must leave the task to a younger and 
less weary brain. And yet I cannot bear to think of longer 
keeping in manuscript the only account, probably, of the 
four years under martial law extant, or which was ever pre- 
pared with reference to a place in the annals of the town. 
I say only^ because none of the persons who, year after 
year, communicated to me their own knowledge of or per- 
sonal participation in the events of that interesting period 
now survive, and, as far as I know, were never asked by 
any person other than myself to be allowed to commit their 
recollections in detail to paper, and then to meet and cor- 
rect the differences which might be found in memory, on 
comparing statements. True, as concerns records, another 
can glean materials from the official papers preserved in the 
custom-house and elsewhere, as I have done ; but who can 
supply the narratives — which are indispensable — of Solo- 
mon Rice, Samuel Wheeler, Samuel Tuttle, Dr. Mowe, Jona- 
than D. Weston, and George Hobbs, or of Jabez Mowry, 
Jonathan Bartlett, the Shackfords (John, Jacob, and Will- 
iam), and of others who have laid down mortality, leaving 
of their own no manuscript touching British rule? 

During the winter of 1814, the inhabitants of Eastport suf- 

* Published in 1870 



176 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

fered little annoyance from the British cruisers. The sloop- 
of-war " Fantome," Captain Lawrence, made her appearance, 
however, in April, drove two vessels on shore, captured a 
number of boats, and committed several other hostile acts 
near the town, in the course of that month and in May ; but 
these were the principal events of any importance until mid- 
summer. 

In the afternoon of the eleventh day of July, a large fleet 
of ships was seen coming up the "White Horse Way," or 
the eastern passage, and approaching the town. But, as 
communication with the cities in New Brunswick and Nova 
Scotia had continued to be frequent, and as only five days 
previously a gentleman from St. John had brought intelli- 
gence that a frigate had arrived at Halifax with news of an 
armistice and, probably, of peace,* the alarm was not at first 
very general. The common impression was that these ships 
were merchant-men, under convoy of a frigate, bound to St. 
Andrews for timber. The wind was south-east, the tide was 
fair, and they came up the passage rapidly. When off Indian 
Island, it was ascertained that the largest ship was of seventy- 
four guns, and that her consorts were also vessels of war. 
Familiar with the sight of British cruisers, many still believed 
that no hostile deeds against Eastport were meditated, but 
that the fleet would pass the town, and proceed up the bay 
to St. Andrews. 

Their progress was so swift that there was no time to 
remove, none to deliberate ; and, while numbers were anx- 
iously watching the movements and indulging in speculations 
as to the objects of the visitors, the leading ship, wearing a 
white flag, hove to off the town, and sent a boat ashore at 

*A gentleman left Eastport on the 7th for Boston, arrived there on the 14th, and 
communicated this news, and that messengers had been sent with despatches to Sir George 
Prevost to suspend hostilities. The tidings were generally believed, and, having been 
published in the Boston papers, were communicated to all parts of the country; but it 
was soon ascertained that the whole story was a fabrication. 



UNDER MARTIAL LAW 1 77 

Hayden's Wharf. A person in uniform, and with a flag, 
landed, and started, at a very rapid pace, for Fort Sullivan. 
Solomon Rice, who had been a close observer of everything 
from the earliest moment, followed this messenger without 
delay, and entered the garrison with him, and heard him 
announce himself as " Lieutenant Oats, of the British Army, 
and of the staff of Sir John Cope Sherbrook." He said that 
he bore a written summons for the surrender of the fort and 
of the island, and handing to Major Putnam, the commanding 
officer, his watch and the summons, required an answer in 
five minutes. Mr. Rice remarked that he had come on a 
serious errand, and that the time allowed to consider the 
proposition was much too short. 

Major Putnam asked both gentlemen to enter his quar- 
ters and to be seated. Lieutenant Oats complied with the 
first part of the invitation, but continued standing. The 
request that he would sit during the interview was repeated 
several times ; but the lieutenant as often replied : " Good 
day, good day, sir. My orders are imperative. I cannot 
stop." Several of the principal inhabitants had now re- 
paired to the fort ; and among them were Samuel Wheeler 
and Aaron Hayden, who, on learning the state of affairs, 
united with Mr. Rice in an endeavor to produce some ar- 
rangement which should prevent a sacrifice of life. Major 
Putnam was sick ; but he declared his determination to dis- 
regard the summons, and to fire upon the ships. 

The citizens present strenuously opposed such a course, 
and earnestly inquired why they were needlessly sacrificed. 
They stated, and with truth, that all resistance on his part 
would be in vain j that a force would be landed, and over- 
power him almost before he could harm a single vessel of 
the fleet with his small battery; that, should he refuse to 
surrender, the fort would still be taken ; and that to save the 
town from destruction, under the circumstances in which he 



178 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

was placed, was his imperative duty. He called a council 
of his officers. They were divided in opinion. He became 
angry, and threw away his sword. 

Meantime, the different ships had taken up positions off 
the business part of the town, and were in readiness to begin 
an attack. The ship of the line, with her ports open, guns 
run out, matches lighted, and men at quarters, was directly 
under the fort, and quite near Burgin's Wharf ; while the 
vessels of inferior force were further south, and principally 
between Hayden's Wharf and Shackford's Cove, though one 
of them had anchored near the Bucknam stores, and com- 
menced landing troops before Lieutenant Oats had returned 
to the flag of truce. 

Major Putnam finally consented to accept the terms 
offered to him, and accordingly struck his colors. It had 
been arranged in the fleet that, if the American commander 
complied with the demand, Lieutenant Oats should embark 
in his boat with his head covered ; but, if otherwise, with his 
cap in his hand. He entered the boat bareheaded ; but, 
observing the flag at the fort descending when about half- 
way to the ship, he swung his cap, and placed it upon his 
head. 

In less than an hour from the time of the summons, fifteen 
barges, containing five hundred troops, had landed ; and, be- 
fore night, the streets were filled with armed men, cannon, 
and the various munitions of war. In the course of the fol- 
lowing day, the debarkation of men and military stores was 
completed. The proceedings on the day of capture were 
extremely regular and precise, and every act showed that the 
captors had provided for every emergency. Besides the force 
which came up the eastern passage, a sixteen-gun brig was 
despatched from the other ships, when the fleet was outside 
of the island of Campobello, to enter the harbor through 
the Narrows, to sail round the island and command Tuttle's 



UNDER MARTIAL LAW 1 79 

Ferry, which was the only place of ready communication 
with the mainland. The brig and her boats intercepted 
every person who attempted to escape, without, it is sup- 
posed, a single exception. 

As soon as the town was in quiet possession of the victors, 
their strength and character were ascertained. The naval 
force was found to consist of the "Ramilies," 74; the "Mar- 
tin," of eighteen guns, Captain H. F. Senhouse; the "Borer," 
fourteen guns, Captain R. Coote ; the " Breame," eight guns ; 
the "Terror," a bomb-ship of eight guns; a sixty-four gun- 
ship, one of ten guns, and several other transport vessels of 
smaller size, under the command of Sir Thomas M. Hardy, 
Baronet; with a regiment of infantry and a battalion of 
artillery, commanded by Lieutenant-colonel Andrew Pilking- 
ton. The sixty-four gun-ship, after landing her troops, an- 
chored under Campobello ; and the American soldiers were 
sent on board her on the evening of the capture. Some of 
the ships were direct from the Bermudas, and sailed from 
these islands on the ist of July; and, joining others at 
Shelburne, which were despatched from Halifax, accom- 
plished on the nth the special purpose for which the ex- 
pedition was fitted out, without the firing of a gun or the 
loss of a man. The troops had been on service in the Chesa- 
peake, and had obtained an unenviable celebrity for their 
depredations at Hampton and other places in the vicinity of 
that bay.* 

In narrating the occurrences of the four years which inter- 
vened between the capture and the restoration of the island, 
I shall confine my attention to such as seem to rest on credi- 
ble testimony, and give a view of the state of society during 
that period. It should be stated in the outset that the per- 
manent annexation of Moose Island to the British empire 
was the distinct and avowed object in taking possession of 
it. The expedition sent against it and its dependencies was 

* See Appendix B. 



l8o EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

fitted out in obedience to specific orders from the Britisli 
ministry ; and the official account, in announcing success, 
spoke of ''the restoration" of "the islands in Passamaquoddy 
Bay," not of their " capture." The tone of the British news- 
papers was similar ; while Sir John Sherbrook's proclamation 
declared that, in "annexing" these islands to New Bruns- 
wick, to which province they belonged, there was no design 
to carry on offensive operations against the people on the 
main, unless their conduct should provoke severities, and 
that, if they continued quiet, neither their persons nor their 
property would be in the least molested. 

This pretension, while it was calculated to lessen the ap- 
prehensions and actually did ameliorate the condition of 
the inhabitants of the island, was viewed throughout the 
country as a new obstacle to the conclusion of a treaty of 
peace, for the reason that no one supposed our government 
would consent to relinquish any portion of the territory in 
possession of the United States before the war, for any con- 
siderations or equivalents that could be offered. Nor were 
the fears that our commissioners would be compelled to 
break off negotiations and return home in any wise lessened 
when it was ascertained that the British government intended 
to revive the claims set up at the close of the Revolution, — 
namely, that the Penobscot formed the eastern boundary of 
Maine, — and were about to form the territory between that 
river and the St. Croix into a colony, both on the ground of 
original right to it and of the recent conquest and present 
possession of its military posts and principal towns. That 
there was some foundation for the doubts and suspicions 
which these plans of annexation or "restoration" occasioned 
will be seen in another place. 

The people of Eastport had many reasons to lament the 
attempt, thus made, to bind their necks in the yoke of colo- 
nial vassalage ; but yet their situation after their subjugation. 



UNDER MARTIAL LAW l8l 

as already remarked, was far better than it would have been 
had they fallen under British rule in the ordinary course of 
war. As conquered citizens of the United States, they would 
have been exposed to many injuries, which, as subjects re- 
stored to their rightful sovereign, they escaped. The fact, 
then, that Moose Island and the other islands which were 
inhabited bv Americans were claimed and held as formins: a 
part of New Brunswick is to be borne in mind, as serving to 
explain the course which was pursued toward those who 
occupied them. 

By the terms of capitulation, the public effects were to be 
given up to the captors, the officers * of the garrison were to 
be allowed to depart on parole, the soldiers were to be re- 
tained as prisoners, and the property of non-residents and 
absentees was to be disposed of as the Prince Regent might 
determine ; but the inhabitants were to be protected in their 
private rights, employments, and interests. f To exact an 
oath of allegiance was deemed consistent with the stipula- 
tions which related to the residents of the islands ; and, 
within three days of the arrival of the fleet, they were called 
upon to take and to subscribe to it. 

It may not be just to say that Sir Thomas Hardy intended 
to violate the conditions which he imposed, and which, from 
necessity, were submitted to ; but this demand was unex- 
pected. While the proclamation which he issued (a copy of 
which is now before me as I write) declared that the munici- 

* The two captains were Fillebroun and Varnum. Major Putnam readied home, 
Salem, Mass., early in August. The soldiers were sent to Halifax, N.S., and arrived there 
on the 29th of July. 

t An offer of one hundred guineas, and even of a larger sum, was made to the late 
Solomon Rice, to give information of the property of non-residents, in order that it could 
be identified and sequestered. Tliis gentleman, a person of the highest respectability 
(and on whose authority I have relied with the most implicit faith), retained sufficient self- 
possession to manifest no indignation at the overture, and, giving a pleasant turn to the 
conversation which ensued upon the subject, so managed the matter as to be an instru- 
ment to save the coveted estates from the grasp of the captors. 



l82 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

pal laws established by the American government for the 
peace and tranquillity of the captured islands would be 
allowed to remain in force, it also declared that, unless the 
persons who inhabited them appeared at the school-house in 
Eastport, and there bound themselves to certain obligations 
to his Britannic Majesty, they would be compelled to depart 
in seven days. The alternatives presented were alike dis- 
tressing, and many hesitated which of them to choose. To 
men with families, the abandonment of home, property, and 
employment, amid the general prostration of business, was 
an act which involved the most serious consequences ; while, 
on the other hand, to remain on the terms offered was painful 
and humiliating. Nearly all submitted, — a few^, perhaps, with- 
out extreme reluctance, but most to save themselves from 
apprehended destitution, if not from absolute ruin. Those 
who refused to take the oath were summoned by a subse- 
quent proclamation to appear and be conducted to the main- 
land, on pain of being sent to Halifax as prisoners of war. 

Leaving now for a time the new and unwilling subjects of 
England, let us turn our attention to those who held them 
to obedience, under the stern exactions of military law. 

The night of the capture, a patrol, consisting of officers 
and soldiers, nearly forty in number, was established to pro- 
tect the inhabitants from insult and plunder. They divided 
into parties, and walked the streets until morning, when 
strong guards were posted in various parts of the town for 
the same purpose. Similar means to insure quiet and good 
order were adopted for several days afterward, while the 
soldiers remained without proper and fixed barracks. 

A number of the officers, as will be more particularly men- 
tioned, brought their wives and children; and, strange to 
say, the very first inquiry made of the citizens was for a 
school-room. A place * was procured within eighteen hours 

* In the second story of the building at the foot of Boynton Street, long occupied 
afterward by the late John Norton, and now the business stand of Martin Bradish.— K. 



UNDER MARTIAL LAW 183 

of the surrender, and a school opened for instruction in the 
common branches of education. 

The military governor, — for such the commander was, — 
apprehensive that an attempt would be made to dislodge 
him, labored, without intermission, to strengthen Fort Sulli- 
van and to erect new defences and batteries. While em- 
ployed in fortifying the island, the soldiers were kept on 
fatigue duty every day, including Sunday. Nor were they 
allowed any relaxation from their toil until cannon were 
mounted on the most commanding and important heights. 

The soldiers lived at first in tents, and the level land in 
rear of the fort and in the vicinity of the " Bell House" and 
burying-ground was covered with temporary shelters erected 
for their accommodation. As soon, however, as the more 
important affairs were arranged, barracks were fitted up in 
various parts of the town. Some of the officers had their 
quarters at the fort, others in the " Shead House " ; some 
in the " Jones House," Washington Street, others in the 
" Prince House " at the cove which bears the name ; while 
still others lodged with Wood, who kept in the " Quoddy 
House " and in the house of Mr. Weston. But Wood's 
receipts from the officers and other customers turned his 
head; and he soon took down his tavern sign, saying that 
"he had made money enough." While he kept his house 
open, three or four men were required to attend at the bar; 
and his gains were supposed to have been eighty to one 
hundred dollars per day. 

The officers soon formed a "mess." The mess-house was 
the " Bell House," subsequently owned by John Hinkley. 
Occasionally, some of the citizens were their guests ; but, 
generally, their visitors were British subjects, whom business 
or curiosity brought to the island. The mess-table was well 
supplied whenever, by money or adventures into the country, 
the best articles of food could be procured. The table fur- 



184 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

niture was abundant and rich. Silver forks and spoons and 
other silver plate, china tea and dinner sets, cut-glass dishes, 
tumblers, wine and finger glasses, all bearing the mark or 
initials of the regiment to which they belonged, were in con- 
stant use. 

To mention very briefly the principal officers may not be 
improper, or, in completing a picture of the time, wholly un- 
necessary. These men were our enemies : none of them, I 
suppose, now survive ; and I would speak of them, not only 
justly, but generously. 

Sir Thomas Masterman Hardy was well known on the 
American coast during the war, and, unlike the infamous 
Cockburn, was respected as an honorable foe. He was a 
bosom friend of Lord Nelson, was with him in his last mo- 
ments ; and some notice of their parting interviews, though 
not strictly belonging to our subject, may not be destitute of 
interest. Just before the great captain set his memorable 
signal, " England expects every man to do his duty," he re- 
tired to his cabin, wrote a prayer, and a remarkable prayer, 
chiefly relating to Lady Hamilton, to which Sir Thomas was 
a subscribing witness. After the commencement of the bat- 
tle, while Nelson and Sir Thomas were in conversation, a 
shot struck between them, tore off Hardy's buckle and 
bruised his foot. "This is too warm work. Hardy," said 
Nelson, "to last long." They separated for a moment. 
When his lordship was wounded. Sir Thomas was near, and 
saw three men lifting him from the deck. " They have done 
for me at last. Hardy," he remarked, as he saw his friend. 
" I hope not," replied Sir Thomas. " Yes," he rejoined, 
" my backbone is shot through." He was carried below. 
Missing Sir Thomas, he became impatient to see him. 
Hardy was repeatedly sent for, but could not quit his post 
on deck. Nelson's anxiety became intense. " Will no one 
bring Hardy to me ? " he often exclaimed. " He must be 



UNDER MARTIAL LAW 185 

killed; he is surely dead." An hour and ten minutes elapsed 
before they met. They shook hands in silence. Sir Thomas 
struggled to suppress his anguish, for he saw that Nelson 
was indeed dying. The death-stricken chief was the first to 
speak. "How goes the day with us?" he asked. "Very 
well," was the brief reply. " I am a dead man," then said 
Nelson. " I am going fast. It will be all over with me 
soon. Come nearer to me." Other words were uttered, but 
they need not be related here. Sir Thomas, with a bursting 
heart, returned to his duty in the awful contest, which con- 
tinued raging between the two vast hostile fleets. In less 
than an hour he again entered the cabin, and announced that 
the victory was complete. Nelson promptly ordered him to 
anchor. Hardy gently hinted that Collingwood would now 
take the command. " No, not while I live," said the expir- 
ing admiral, — "not while I live. Do you anchor." Both 
were silent. Nelson at length said, " Kiss me. Hardy." 
Sir Thomas knelt and kissed his cheek, and continued stand- 
ing over him, in an attitude of deep sorrow. " Now I am 
satisfied," ejaculated Nelson. " Thank God, I have done 
my duty." Sir Thomas knelt again, and again kissed him. 
"Who is that?" asked Nelson. "It is Hardy," was the 
answer. " God bless you. Hardy," he faintly uttered : when 
Sir Thomas left him — forever. Thus do friends part in 
war. Such, a thousand times repeated, have been the leave- 
takings, amid the roar, the crash, the carnage, of the dread- 
ful strifes, between the children of one Father, which politi- 
cians produce and legalize. 

Sir Thomas landed the first day of the capture, and re- 
ceived several of the citizens, who called upon him with great 
politeness. He fixed his quarters at the Bucknam House,* 
south of Shackford's Cove, — burned in 1833, — where he 
continued to entertain visitors, from town and from the 
colonies, during his stay; though his balls and special 

*See Appendix C. 



I 



1 86 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

parties were on board of his flag-ship, the " Ramilies."" 
Among the pleasant things related of this noble and gal- 
lant seaman is the story of his attempting to ride on " Old 
Steel's pacing mare," to the delight of " all observers." He 
made poor work of it, indeed ; for saddle, stirrups, and bridle 
were gear to which he was not accustomed, while the beast 
would not obey quarter-deck mandates. 

A deputation of the principal inhabitants endeavored to 
prevail on him to change the form of the oath which was 
prescribed for all those who remained on the island. A gen- 
tleman who was present relates that he listened to their 
appeal and treated them with great courtesy and respect, 
but assured them that, as the oath as it stood formed a part 
of his instructions, he was compelled to administer it without 
change. Yet he said that he could make a verbal explana- 
tion which would probably relieve their apprehensions as to 
their extent and force ; namely, that it was to be regarded 
as an oath of neutrality while they remained under British 
jurisdiction rather than of perpetual allegiance. During the 
interview, continues my informant, he spoke also of the war. 
He said it was an unnatural contest, and that, while he would 
not declare an opinion as to which nation was in the right, 
he would still remark that England did not begin it. And 
he said, further, that to carry out the orders of his govern- 
ment in such a contest gave him great pain. 

Sir Thomas was nearly six feet in height, of full face, and 
inclined to corpulency. His complexion was florid, hair 
light and thin. His appearance was very fine, and his man- 
ners dignified, mild, and even kind. He departed with his 
ships toward the close of July, when an address * was pre- 

*The original reply to this address, with the signatures of Sir Thomas and Colonel 
Pilkington, and several other papers, written and signed by Colonel Gubbins and other 
British officers, are in my possession. Some of them are of historical interest ; the perusal 
of others would cause an American citizen to exclaim, "Deliver me from living under 
martial law! " 



UNDER MARTIAL LAW 187 

sented to him and to Colonel Pilkington by a committee of 
the citizens. Early in August, Sir Thomas was off Stoning- 
ton, and employed the bomb-ship "Terror" in his celebrated 
bombardment of that place. He died an admiral in the 
British army and governor of Greenwich Hospital. 

Captain Senhouse was a nephew of Admiral Fleming, and 
a man of fine talents. He was bred a lawyer, but is repre- 
sented to have been one of the best seamen in the fleet. He 
was engaged in the coercive measures of England against 
China in 1841, at which time he was Sir Humphrey R. D. 
Le Fleming Senhouse, Knight and senior officer in the Chi- 
nese Seas. He died on board the " Blenheim," in Hong 
Kong Bay, June, 1841, of excessive exertion and fatigue. 

Colonel Pilkington, who was deputy adjutant-general of 
the British army, remained but a short time. He went first 
to Castine, and thence to Machias, and was in command of 
the British force that took possession of the military post at 
the port, near the entrance of Machias River. He was suc- 
ceeded here by Lieutenant-colonel Harris, who was left in 
charge of a garrison of about eight hundred men. In the 
course of the autumn, a re-enforcement arrived ; and, until 
the peace, the number of troops was nearly one thousand. 

A single word here of the prominent British officers who 
were stationed at Eastport after the departure of Sir Thomas 
Hardy and his fleet. 

Colonel Harris resided at the fort, and was unmarried. 
He was neither respectable nor respected ; and I pass him 
with the single remark that some of his own soldiers seized 
him at night in town, and, in revenge for a deep wrong to 
one of their number, whipped him so severely that he was 
unable to leave his room for several days afterward. 

Colonel Gubbins, the second military governor, was impa- 
tient of contradiction, and not remarkably placable. His 
wife and children were with him, and his quarters were at 



l88 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

the Bucknam House. He was very exact in his pecuniary 
affairs, maintained a large establishment, and kept eleven 
fires. He had a taste for mechanics, and at his leisure in- 
dulged it in making articles of ornament and use for his 
family. On leaving the post (1816), it is believed that he 
went directly to England. He died a general. 

Colonel Renney, who succeeded Colonel Gubbins, was a 
favorite, and is remembered with feelings allied to affection. 
With his family, he occupied the house owned by the late 
Solomon Rice. He named a child born here " Moose-island 
Renney." Mr. Rice, whose feeling heart was, his life long, 
open to soften asperities and to relieve the sorrowing and 
needy, possessed his confidence to an eminent degree, and 
used the influence he acquired to obtain favors and immu- 
nities for such of his fellow-townsmen as were objects of 
consideration and kindness. Colonel Renney retired from 
the post in 18 17, and went to France the same year. 

Major Anstruther, the fourth military governor, was a 
Scotchman. He was six feet and three or four inches high, 
and his limbs and person were of a corresponding size. He 
was a finished boxer and an adroit swordsman ; and a lady, 
who was then a bride and with whom he opened a ball, adds 
that he was an elegant and graceful dancer, notwithstanding 
his huge proportions. His quarters were in the Starboard 
House, near the bottom of Washington Street. He had 
served in Egypt, and was in the battle in which Aber- 
crombie fell. While in command at Eastport, he would 
never acknowledge the right of the Governor of New Bruns- 
wick to interfere in the affairs of the island. Colonel Ren- 
ney, much to his regret, subsequently had allowed the civil 
authorities of the colony to serve a process here; and the 
sheriff of the county of Charlotte desired to repeat his visit 
for the purpose of arresting a merchant and carrying him 
away prisoner. Major Anstruther sent the sheriff a message 



UNDER MARTIAL LAW 189 

to the effect that, if he came on such an enterprise, he should 
have lodgings in the " Blackhole." On another occasion, 
Wright, the collector at St. John, N.B., came to Eastport to 
seize goods which had not been entered nor the duty paid 
to the crown. The merchants shut their stores, and applied 
to the major for protection. On the other hand, Wright 
made application for troops to assist him in breaking locks 
and taking the goods. The major stood by the merchants, 
and told the collector to refer the matter, if he wished, to 
Earl Dalhousie ; and in this course he had the concurrence 
of Colonel Renney, who, though he had surrendered the 
command, was still in town. 

The major was a rough man, but, unlike Colonel Gubbins, 
of a generous nature. The gentleman who adjusted his 
affairs on the eve of his departure — and the same who en- 
joyed the particular regard of Colonel Renney — reported to 
him that some persons, either by accident or design, had pre- 
sented their bills, though once paid, and claimed a second 
settlement. " Never mind," said the major. " Pay them 
again, — pay everybody that asks you. You have money 
enough, — satisfy every one." 

Captain R. Gibbon, the first and last in command, will be 
spoken of in another connection. 

Mr. Aiken, the chaplain, lived in a house lately occupied 
by Mrs. Dawson, south of Shackford's Cove. His family 
consisted of a wife and two interesting daughters. He was 
a patron of the theatre, — presently to be mentioned, — and 
at the balls would have the last dance. He was a fine-look- 
ing man and a merry parson. His servant killed a servant 
of Colonel Gubbins, and hanged himself the day before he 
was to have been shot for the murder. 

Other officers who had families were Captains Steele, 
Maddan, and Minchen, and Lieutenants Cruger and Villars. 
The silver plate of Villars was valued at twenty-five hundred 



190 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

dollars. He was the only subaltern who gave dinner parties. 
He was extremely fond of drawing, and among his sketches 
were several views of the bay and harbor. 

A view of a cottage in Wales, in which he lived while on 
duty there, was long preserved by a lady in town. Villars 
had been in service in India, where, he said, he kept thirteen 
servants. The first surgeon was Doctor Davis. He was 
succeeded by Doctor Johnson, a Scotchman : the last was 
Doctor Bett. 

Town-major Williams occupies a prominent place in the 
narrations of several persons of whom I have solicited infor- 
mation, and the accounts of him are contradictory. He was 
often involved in difficulties with the inhabitants, and a 
written representation of his conduct was finally made by a 
committee of citizens. He was but nineteen or twenty years 
of age, was rash and impetuous ; and it was a mistake to 
intrust to him the performance of duties which allowed him 
to indulge his joassions, to the injury of those who were sub- 
ject to his authority. The gentleman with whom he lived for 
some time retains the opinion that he was not a bad man, 
and remarks that he was a wild and thoughtless fellow, full 
of wine, jokes, fun, and frolic. He received a commission in 
the revenue from the collector of St. John, and made seizures 
which Colonel Renney disapproved, and demanded him to 
return. " What," said the colonel, " a British officer acting 
as a mere tide-waiter.? Sir, I give you half an hour to re- 
store the property you have seized." Williams went from 
Eastport to Malta, but soon retired from the army. 

Of Lieutenant Villars, who was on guard duty at an out- 
post near the "Carrying Place," at the upper part of the 
island, there is a pleasant anecdote. He mistook the roar- 
ing of a bull, in the stillness of night, for the noise of Amer- 
ican troops approaching to attack the British forces, and 
retreated to the commandant's quarters to give the alarm 



UNDER MARTIAL LAW 



191 



and to prepare him for the apprehended contest. The cir- 
cumstances afforded much amusement, and the lieutenant 
became the subject of jokes and witticisms on the part of 
his fellow-officers. ^ 

Many of the British officers were excellent men, and in 
their manners and habits were irreproachable. Some, how- 
ever, were rough and profane. A few drank liquor to excess, 
but the number of those who were addicted to daily intoxica- 
tion was limited. The habits of all were soon ascertained ; 
and, as the dissipated drank nothing in the forenoon, there 
was a time in which business could be transacted with these 
as well as with the sober and regular. With hardly an ex- 
ception, all of them paid the debts which they contracted 
with the citizens at the time appointed ; while several would 
barely ask the amount and count out the sum stated to be 
due, without looking at their bills. 

After the old "meeting-house" was removed from the turn 
of the "Old Road" to the head of Boynton Street, public 
worship, in the Episcopal form, was seldom omitted on the 
Sabbath ; and the attendance was generally on the part of 
the officers, their wives and children. 

The officers devised various amusements : theatrical per- 
formances, horse-racing, and dancing were among them. 

The fall after the capture, the " Old South School-house " 
was fitted up for a theatre. A stage was built at the east 
end, which was approached from the exterior and through 
a window on the north side. Boxes, on an inclined plane, 
were erected high on the side and west end walls, and were 
accessible from the entry by steep stairs. Underneath the 
boxes was the pit. 

In front of the stage was a drop-scene ; and in use upon 
it were a number of shifting scenes, all of which were painted 
by the officers or soldiers. There was an orchestra, occu- 
pied by the large band of the One Hundred and Second Regi- 



192 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

ment. The performers dressed in character ; and those now 
remembered are the two Lieutenants Lester, Town-major 
Williams, Lieutenant Duff, Lieutenant Carr, Lieutenant 
Brandeth, of the engineer corps, Mr. Whitney, of the com- 
missary department, and Lieutenant Cruger. The female 
parts were assumed by Brandeth and Whitney, while the in- 
ferior characters were performed by soldiers. 

On the entrance of the military governor to, this the first 
Moose Island theatre, the audience rose, the band struck up 
" God save the King," and followed with " Yankee Doodle." 
There were both a play and an after-piece each night of per- 
formance. The principal pieces recollected are " Douglas " 
and "Venice Preserved." 

Many of the citizens attended. The price of a ticket to 
the boxes was one dollar; to the pit, half that sum. The 
receipts were considerable, and, after defraying the expenses, 
were devoted to charity. " Granny Hackett " was a favorite 
with the officers, and shared liberally from the fund. 

The spring after the peace, one wing of the One Hundred 
and Second Regiment was ordered away, when the drama de- 
clined for the want of music and performers. But the racing 
of horses depended on no such contingency, and was contin- 
ued from year to year. The regular race-course was on the 
"Old Road," between the Norwood House, subsequently 
owned by Rev. Mr. Harris, and the " old Bell House," oppo- 
site the burying-ground. Besides this, there was a ring of 
about half a mile in circuit in town. The southern track 
of this circle was on the brink of the hill, south of the First, 
and the northern track just south of the Central Congrega- 
tional Meeting-house. Within a diameter thus vaguely de- 
scribed there were but two or three buildings, and the whole 
space was an open pasture. In the races, the horses of the 
officers were almost invariably opposed to those of the in- 
habitants. The British bloods were the best fed and the 



UNDER MARTIAL LAW 1 93 

best groomed ; but the Yankee scrubs beat them, with 
hardly an exception. The money at stakes, at each race, 
was from five hundred to six hundred dollars. Race-day 
was a holiday, and was devoted to the noise, excitement, 
drinking, and betting usual on such occasions. 

Of the balls, a single word : the first was in the " Jones 
House," Washington Street ; there were several in the 
" Estey House," Boynton Street; and the last was at Pine's, 
or the " Quoddy House." 

Before the close of 1S14, a breastwork of sods and earth 
was built from the fort to the " Old Road," which crosses 
Fort Hill, and the two redoubts on the Clark land were 
finished. The works on Holmes's Hill, called Prince Re- 
gent's Redoubt, were not completed until the next year. 
Mr. Holmes, v/ho owned the land on which this redoubt was 
built, claimed recompense for the timber cut on it, and for 
other injuries to his property. The question of damages 
was submitted to three of his townsmen, who awarded sev- 
eral hundred dollars. The officer of engineers, under whose 
direction the reference was agreed upon, told one of the 
referees that he need not be particular about the sum, and 
to be sure to give Mr. Holmes sufficient to satisfy him. 
Neither of these redoubts was constantly occupied with 
troops. Besides the soldiers stationed at the fort, a con- 
siderable body occupied the large store on Hathaway's 
Wharf ; guards of thirty or forty men each were continually 
on duty at the most exposed points, including a large guard 
at Broad Cove ; while single sentinels were posted at 
Prince's Cove, and on every principal wharf and headland. 
Soldiers were often severely whipped. The citizens were 
not allowed to be present ; but they heard the groans and 
screams of the culprits, and sometimes at a considerable 
distance. Desertions, at times, were frequent. About twenty 
soldiers escaped within a month of the capture. Common 



19-j- EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

camp-women were nmiierous. Both officers and soldiers 
enjoyed excellent health. Lieutenant St. John, who was 
sick at the time of his arrival, was the only officer who died 
during the four years the captors held the island ; while the 
mortality among the privates was small. Two soldiers, at 
the burning of the guard-house, perished in the flames ; and 
a third, who was under sentence of death for crime, com- 
mitted suicide. 

British ships-of-war often came into port for supplies, for 
shelter, to receive news, or for despatches. The "Arab," 
" Fantome," " Rifleman," " Breame," and one other lay at 
anchor off the town at the same time. The dogs kept by 
the officers were a great nuisance ; and the inhabitants vent- 
ured at last to levy a tax, in town meeting, of a dollar on 
each of the canine race, to aid in supporting the poor, but 
subject of course, as all votes were, to the approval of the 
military governor. 

Martial law was strictly enforced, but the rights and 
property of individuals were scrupulously regarded. The 
morning after the capture, a number of persons from Deer 
Island and Campobello, on the New Brunswick side of the 
harbor, who had unsettled difficulties with some of the 
inhabitants, came over for the purpose of "getting," as they 
said, " satisfaction out of their hides," imagining that, as 
they were British subjects and as Eastport had changed 
flags, its new master would allow the use of club law. They 
landed, and, seeking out the persons with whom they were 
at variance, commenced threatening and abusing them ; but 
the officer in command, on hearing of the affray, which he 
soon did, came among the assailed in person, and assured 
them of his protection, and, turning to the assailants, he 
told them that, if they, or others like them, attempted to 
settle old grudges thus, they should be put in the " Black- 
hole " at the fort till bread and water cooled their blood. 



UNDER iMARTIAL LAW 



195 



Yet delinquents among the citizens were punished occa- 
sionally with cruel severity. Several were tied up at the 
triangles on Hayden's Wharf, and whipped ; and one, who 
was a feeble, spare man, died of the lacerations inflicted by 
the cat-o'-nine-tails. 

Until the close of hostilities, no person was allowed to 
leave the island without a written pass * from the town- 




M'f^ 



c/^^ 



^^^^ /^^^ J^^^5^K^^^' 



M-i:^ 










^ /^^>c^ ■^V'^y^ 















v^^^ 







'^^^^^*'^ 



b 



major. It was necessary to show this document to every 
sentinel stationed between town and Tuttle's Ferry; while 

* By the favor of Peter E. Vose, Esq., of Dennj'sville, we are enabled to give a 
fac-simile of one of these passes, which has been kept in the family of the young man 
who held it. It bears the signature of the town-major, Williams, and was filled out by 
Haddesham, the beach sergeant, who had charge of the landings. It will be remembered 
that the inhabitants of the whole eastern section were held by the British authorities to 
be subjects of the crown, Machias and Castine as well as Eastport being occupied by 
their forces. — k. 



196 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

an armed vessel performed' guard duty in the harbor, and 
brought to boats that put off from the shore. 

All ordmances for the government of the inhabitants were 
proclaimed by the drum-major from the head of his drum, 
as he stopped for the purpose at the corners of the streets ; 
and he always ended the reading with a " God save the 
King." 

Justice was prompt. All complaints were heard and de- 
cided by the military governor. His judgment was final. 
Men who were sentenced were turned over to Sergeant 
Crook, who enforced the decree or placed them in the 
" Blackhole," where they lodged and fed themselves as best 
they could. A case brought before Colonel Renney excited 
much remark at the time, and is yet related. It appears 
that the agent of Mr. Thomas West, a merchant of Boston, 
came here on business for his principal, and, among other 

things, to collect a note of considerable amount of Mr. . 

The latter took the agent to his house for the proposed 
object of paying the demand, actually counted the money, 
and received his note. Instantly, after securing the evi- 
dence of the debt against him, he swept the money back 
into the desk drawer from which he had taken it, and 
ordered the astonished agent out of doors. The agent knew 
not what to do. He wandered about town for several days 
in a sad state of mind, fearing to return to Boston, because 
the transaction was so remarkable that Mr. West would not, 
probably, credit his story. At length, he related the circum- 
stances to an acquaintance, who advised him to apply to 

Colonel Renney for redress. He did so. Mr. was 

accordingly summoned to head-quarters, where he met his 
accuser, who in his presence gave an account of the fraud. 

Mr. did not deny the truth of the statement, and his 

countenance evidently showed that he had no defence. The 
colonel looked Mr. sternly in the face, and said : 



UNDER MARTIAL LAW 1 97 

"Sir, I cannot now pronounce upon the justice of the debt; 
but you have stolen your note. Of that I am satisfied. 
Return it, return it, sir. Place this man precisely where he 
was before you saw him. Sergeant Crook, take charge of 

Mr. ! " This affair was regarded as the most infamous 

one that occurred while the British were in possession of the 
island ; and the delinquent, utterly ashamed of his conduct, 
gladly obeyed the colonel's decree, and subsequently paid 
the note, to lessen the odium which he had incurred. 

Another matter of a more amusing cast was referred to 
Major Anstruther, who succeeded Renney. I relate the 
story as it was often told me by the late Doctor Mowe, one 
of the parties. Doctor B. and Doctor M. were rival physi- 
cians. The first, though regularly bred to the profession, 
had not received a medical degree ; while the latter was 
a disciple of the celebrated Doctor Thompson. Doctor B. 
complained to the colonel that his competitor was a quack 
in the practice of medicine without a diploma ; that he was 
then in attendance upon a woman in child-bed, whom he 
would certainly destroy, and besought the major's interposi- 
tion. The presence of Doctor M. at head-quarters was re- 
quired forthwith. 

As soon as all parties were present, the major, in his 
lofty, military way, exclaimed : " We-well, you heaven-in- 
spired doctor, where was you educated ? Where did you 
get your degree ? Show your diploma, sir." " I was edu- 
cated," replied Doctor M., "by Doctor Thompson." "And 
where did he obtain his medical knowledge ? " asked the 
major. " From the large and extensive book of nature, sir," 
was the prompt reply. A student of law came in, and 
offered his services as Doctor M.'s counsel; but the major 
ordered him to withdraw. Doctor M., who knew^ that the 
complainant was as badly off as himself, now quietly turned 
to him, and said: "Doctor B., j^// are the oldest physician. 



198 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Suppose you show your diploma firsts Doctor B., thus 
caught in his own trap, retired with the best grace he could. 
At another time, and while Major Anstruther was in com- 
mand, an effort was made to banish Doctor Mowe from the 
island, on the ground that he was a dangerous man, and 
would be sure to cause the death of all who employed him; 
and he was threatened with a walk through the streets tied 
to the tail of a cart, unless he departed. He had a patient* 
at the time who was very sick, and who desired his con- 
tinued attendance. Doctor Mowe learned that Lieutenant 
Duncan, who was friendly to him, would be the officer sent 
to inquire into the affair ; and he prepared to foil his enemy 
a second time. As soon, then, as he got wind of the move- 
ments against him, he sent for the barber, who shaved the 
patient, dressed his hair, assisted in putting on a well- 
starched shirt with a prodigious ruffle, and helped to other- 
wise arrange his person in a manner to show him off to the 
greatest advantage. The lieutenant, as was expected, was 
the major's messenger to Doctor Mowe to order him to 
desist from practice. The lieutenant loved good wine ; and 
the doctor had procured some excellent "old south side," 
which the officer, after being seated a moment in the sick 
man's room, was desired to taste. Pressed to drink again, 
he was finally asked to consider the wine as entirely at his 
disposal. Thus solicited, he drank of it freely, and praised 
it at every glass. Conversation ensued, in which the patient 
bore his share. The sick man looked so well, prepared as 
he was for the occasion, he talked so well, and defended 
Doctor Mowe's treatment of his case so zealously, and the 
wine, withal, was so good, that the lieutenant went away 
quite satisfied with what he had seen, and so reported to his 
superior. Major Anstruther, considering that he had done 
all that was required of him, declined further interference ; 
though he sent word to the patient that, if he allowed Doctor 

* The late Samuel Tuttle. 



UNDER MARTIAL LAW 1 99 

Mowe to kill him after this, he must thank his own obsti- 
nacy. Here the affair ended, and Doctor Mowe was not 
again molested. 

We pass to other topics. It will be remembered that 
by the terms of capitulation all the public property on the 
island was to be surrendered to the captors. This property 
consisted of Fort Sullivan and its arms and munitions of 
war, provisions for the troops, duty bonds amounting to 
$64,580.27, treasury notes to the amount of nine thousand 
dollars, the custom-house furniture, several lots of merchan- 
dise which had been seized, the revenue boats, and parcels 
of real estate which had been set off to the United States, 
to satisfy debts against individuals. Collector Lemuel Tres- 
cott,^ the collector of the customs, was not consulted by 
Major Putnam when the demand for the surrender of Fort 
Sullivan was made, and endeavored to effect his escape, 
with the bonds, notes, and other valuable papers in his 
charge ; but the ship-of-war already mentioned as stationed 
between Lubec and Tuttle's Ferry cut off all communica- 
tion. Finding that he must become a prisoner, he con- 
cealed his papers, and returned to town. 

A few days previously, he had seized a vessel and cargo 
belonging to a man who lived on the Penobscot, who was 
still at Eastport, and who was much enraged at the detention 
of his property. This man seems to have watched the move- 
ments of the collector for purposes of revenge, and present- 
ing himself to Sir Thomas Hardy, while Colonel Trescott 
was before him, answering his inquiries, gave information 
where these papers were secreted. By this means, the bonds 
and notes fell into the enemies' hands. But, as the treasury 
notes were specially indorsed to the collector, and as he 

* Major in the army of the Revolution, and much with Lafayette, and in the 
troubles with France, dunng the administration of John Adams, selected by Washington 
as a colonel in the provisional army then raised. Colonel Trescott is menlioned frequently 
in " Thacher's Journal." 



2 00 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

steadily refused to negotiate them, they were without value. 
The obligors of the bonds were, however, placed in an un- 
pleasant dilemma. The British claimed payment as being 
entitled under the capitulation and as having the originals ; 
while the United States insisted upon the right to recover on 
the copies which the collector had previously taken and sent 
to a place of security, to provide against emergencies. 

As many as one hundred packages of the goods on which 
the duties had been secured by these bonds were still in the 
warehouses of the importers, and were subject, by might or 
right, to such disposition only as the military governor would 
permit; and though the merchants had the proper certifi- 
cates, dated before the surrender, the collector refused to 
allow the validity of his own documents, and to suffer the 
goods to leave the island for transportation to the markets 
for which they were intended. After some delay, an arrange- 
ment was concluded with both governments, to the effect 
that the duties ^ on a certain part should be secured a second 
time, when the goods were to be allowed to go into the 
United States, under sufficient protection from the collector 
to prevent seizure elsewhere ; and that the obligors of the 
first bonds should abide the issue of suits to be commenced 
against them in the British courts. In these courts, the de- 
cision was that payment should be made to the British gov- 
ernment; and the marshal of Nova Scotia came to Eastport, 
very privately, in the spring of 1815, to enforce the decree. 
His arrival was the signal for the obligors to depart ; and, 
with one exception, all of them escaped. They had friends 
among the British officers at the garrison, who felt the injus- 
tice of the steps to be taken and gave them a timely hint of 
their danger, and who were not a little amused at the prepa- 
rations made at the fort by the commander for their confine- 
ment as soon as the marshal should have succeeded in 
arresting them. The officer particularly charged with the 

* The amount of duties thus paid twice was $23,981.26. 



UNDER MARTIAL LAW 2 0I 

duty of fitting up apartments for their accommodation signifi- 
cantly asked the marshal, who busied himself in forming 
plans to insure success, whether he "had ever heard how the 
Yankees cook a dolphin." "No." "Well, then, I'll tell 
you : they always catch him first ; and so do you catch these 
fellows before I turn everything topsy-turvy to make a place 
to keep 'em." 

These obligors were twelve in number, of whom six be- 
longed to Eastport. Of the Eastport merchants, five went 
to Lubec, where they built stores and wharves at the Point, 
and commenced business. Lubec Point, at this time, was 
a forest ; and the only houses within a mile of the Nar- 
rows were those owned by Mr. Delesdernier* and his son- 
in-law, Mr. Small. 

This attempt of five f citizens of Eastport to avoid the 
payment of these duty bonds to the British was the sole 
cause of founding the present village of Lubec. These 
gentlemen had a large interest at stake in the eastern sec- 
tion of Maine, which they were unwilling to abandon ; and, 
uncertain what would be the final decision of the question of 
jurisdiction, they determined to remain in the neighborhood 
until it should be shown whether the ancient Moose Island, 
or Eastport, was to be retained by Great Britain or restored 
to Massachusetts and to the United States. 

* Louis Frederick Delesdernier, an Acadian Frenchman, who espoused the Whig 
cause in the Revolution, and for a time was associated with Albert Gallatin in the mili- 
tary service at Machias. His father was a native of Geneva, and sheltered Gallatin 
when, friendless, he arrived in America. Mr. Delesdernier was the first collector of the 
customs of the district of Passamaquoddy, and was succeeded by Colonel Trescott. 
After Mr. Gallatin became eminent, Mr. Delesdernier used to speak of him as he was in 
1780 to almost every one who had leisure to listen. As concerns myself, I was never 
weary of hearing him. 

t The writer of this paper, when he went to Eastport in 1821, was first employed by 
William, son of the above-named Louis Frederick Delesdernier, and was subsequently 
educated to business in the counting-room of Jonathan Bartlett, one of the five founders 
of Lubec. [The five founders of Lubec were Jabez Mowry, Ezra T. Bucknam, Josiah 
Dana, Samuel Wheeler, and Jonathan Bartlett. — k.] 



202 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

The settlement which they commenced grew up rapidly ; 
and in 1818, when the island was formally acknowledged to 
belong to the United States, it had become so large and 
important as to compete with Eastport for the trade of the 
Passamaquoddy. Lubec was, indeed, highly prosperous. 
Buildings which cost five hundred dollars were rented for 
one hundred and fifty dollars per annum ; and it was the 
point of attraction for many persons of enterprise, who 
came to it from various parts of the country to establish 
themselves in business. The competition between the two 
towns was injurious to both; and it has been said by many 
persons of good judgment that money would have been 
saved if the whole capital invested in real estate on the 
mainland at the Point had been abandoned, and the com- 
bined operations of the commercial community been concen- 
trated on the island. 

After retiring to Lubec, one attempt was made to secure 
the persons of the obligors, but without success. A party 
of soldiers was despatched at night to make prisoner of one of 
them ; * but, as the moon shone, he was apprised of their 
approach, and escaped. As the story is told, he rose from 
bed, and, seeking the lady f with whom he boarded, asked 
her to secrete him. With woman's ready wit, she opened a 
trap-door over the oven, bade him hide himself there, and, 
calling up her hired girl, put her in his bed, to pass in the 
search for its regular occupant. 

Another of the obligors $ came to the island occasionally, 
but cautiously. On one of these visits here, it is related 
that he wore female apparel ; that the friends who knew of 
his intended visit, and who met him on the beach to show 
him the attentions due to a lady, were sorely taxed to pre- 
serve their gravity as they accompanied him through the 

* My old master, Jonathan Bartlett. 

t The late Mrs. Stearns, a beautiful woman, and as good as she was beautiful. 

$The late Jabez Mowry. 



UNDER RIARTIAL LAW 203 

Streets, since he stepped off so " long," and in other respects 
demeaned himself with so little grace and propriety as a 
woman, that both he and they, in spite of all hints and les- 
sons, were objects of attention in passing persons by whom 
they did not wish to be recognized. But after the return of 
the marshal to Halifax there seems to have been little or no 
motive for further concealment, since a third refugee * re- 
turned openly, and, in fact, was known by the British offi- 
cers to occupy his house. He was not disturbed in his 
pursuits, though an officer would sometimes say, as he passed 
his dwelling : " Well, Wheeler, I think I must come after 
you to-night. You'll be at home, I suppose." 

While the obligors, who were always willing to pay these 
bonds once, fled to escape the double payment of the duties 
on the merchandise which they imported in 1814, previous to 
the capture, they were still induced or compelled to make 
partial satisfaction to their enemies ; and, during the time in 
which the subject was in controversy, they actually liquidated 
a second time about half of the amount of their indebted- 
ness. 

To terminate a matter so vexatious to them, they finally 
petitioned their own government for relief, and in 18 16 
Congress passed an act, granting them full discharge on pay- 
ment to the United States of the amount which had not 
been extorted from them by the British ; while the latter, 
solicited to be content with the part which they had received, 
discontinued further proceedings, compromised, and thus re- 
lieved them from all further apprehension and liability. 

We have now to speak of the importations of goods in 
vessels which, in the language of the time, were called " neu- 
tral." Soon after the capture, a British deputy collector of 
the customs was appointed ; and liberal terms of commercial 
intercourse were arranged, both to promote trade and to 

*The late Samuel Wheeler. 



,1 



2 04 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

supply the post with articles of subsistence. Thus invited, 
people from various parts of Maine attempted to avail them- 
selves of the high prices and ready sale of beef cattle and ^f 
agricultural produce at Eastport ; and those who succeeded 
in eluding the officers of the United States (who, to prevent 
supplies from reaching the frontier, were stationed at differ- 
ent points on the roads) carried on a profitable business. 
Pork at one time was as high as fifty dollars the barrel, 
and several other articles of food bore a corresponding price. 

The surrounding country was poor and in the rudest state 
of cultivation ; and not only the troops, but the inhabitants, 
were dependent on distant places for fresh provisions and 
vegetables. Persons were sometimes despatched to Machias, 
a distance of fifty miles, as the road then was, to procure 
small lots of butter, eggs, and poultry. The travelling was 
exceedingly rough and wearisome, and the transportation of 
such articles expensive and precarious. By water, the com- 
munication was far easier and safer. The British were in 
undisputed possession of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, 
and had cruisers in the waters of both colonies ; and as Cas- 
tine, at the mouth of the Penobscot, was soon added to their 
conquests, the trade between that port and Halifax was free, 
and attended with but little hazard. In fact, merchant ves- 
sels bound to the Penobscot frequently sailed under convoy 
of ships-of-war. As was the case prior to the capture, ''neu- 
tral " bottoms were speedily made, to meet the wants of the 
American merchants who flocked to the frontier, to purchase 
and introduce British manufactures into the country under 
the forms of law. 

Among the vessels which they employed was the sloop 
"Abo." It was well understood that she was owned by a 
native of New Brunswick who lived at Eastport ; that she 
was registered at a British custom-house ; and that, provided 
with registers of various other kinds and with masters to 



UNDER MARTIAL LAW 



205 



correspond, she changed her nationality or flag as often as 
circumstances required. Loaded to the water's edge, and 
propelled with oars, she was yet so fast a sailer that two 
voyages to Sweden or Spain in a single day were among the 
extraordinary feats which she accomplished. 

There was still another device, which consisted in the capt- 
ure of British vessels ; and a person who was concerned in 
these enterprises relates the following instance : A British 
vessel, loaded with goods and cleared at the English custom- 
house at Eastport for Halifax, set sail professedly for that 
port toward evening, but when off Allan's Island was 
boarded by a band of men who jabbered in imitation of a 
foreign tongue. By some strange coincidence, the leader of 
these men had a Swedish register, which recited the dimen- 
sions and name of this vessel with entire accuracy. Assum- 
ing command, he compelled her crew to abandon her, and 
proceeded to Lubec, a distance of only three miles, where 
he entered the goods at the America7i custom-house. The 
original crew spent the night at Rice's Island, drinking 
shrub and playing cards, and in the morning made a pro- 
test, in which their capture by pirates — who were in truth 
their own townsmen in disguise, speaking as above men- 
tioned — was set forth with due and grave particularity. 
The trade conducted in these and other ways equally ingen- 
ious was very large. The duties secured to the United 
States on the merchandise — as appears in the custom-house 
records — amounted, in less than one month, to the sum of 
$127,261.51. The common method and route of transporta- 
tion was by land to Southbay ; thence by water to Whiting ; 
thence by land, across the lakes, to East Machias ; and 
thence, in horse-wagons, to Boston. The "neutral" vessels 
earned money something as it is coined at the mint, and 
the compensation to agents, boatmen, and others was lib- 
eral ; but yet few persons retained the property which they 



2 06 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

acquired, and many of them spent as fast as they received. 
Additional conquests soon after the capture caused a change 
in the course of this commerce. Castine was captured on 
Thursday, the ist of September, 1814, and Hampden on 
Saturday morning following. The Penobscot was declared 
the boundary between Maine and the territory now con- 
quered, and the country east of that river was erected into 
a British colony. The " neutral trade " at Eastport came 
at once to an end. Large quantities of goods were, how- 
ever, shipped from Eastport and St. John to Castine, and 
thence found their way into the United States. Hamp- 
den on the westerly or American side of the Penobscot 
became what Eastport was before its capture, and what 
Lubec was for two months after it. Josiah Hook, the col- 
lector of the customs at Castine, opened an office at Hamp- 
den, and entered vessels with British merchandise under the 
Swedish flag. Though a young boy, I well remember the 
occurrences there. Peleg Tallman, of Bath, appeared as 
Swedish consul ; and a brisk business was prosecuted until 
the close of the river. The amount of duties secured at 
Hampden in five weeks is said to have been one hundred 
and fifty thousand dollars. During the winter there was 
much smuggling ; and collisions on the ice, at Hampden and 
elsewhere in the river, were frequent and sometimes serious. 

The traffic by land experienced interruptions, and several 
droves of cattle were seized. The officer in command of the 
fortification at Machias had sixty or seventy oxen in charge, 
which had been detained on their way to the frontier, when 
the approach of the British force compelled him to evacuate 
the post. But he left the cattle behind ; and a British officer, 
on examining the works, wittily said that it was " the first 
fort he ever saw manned with bullocks." 

After the peace, commercial adventures took a new turn. 
In 18 1 5, the trade in gypsum, or plaster of Paris, was prose- 



UNDER MARTIAL LAW 207 

cuted with great spirit. In 1816, vast quantities of salt came 
*out from England ; and, as that article in the United States 
was high, as, too, the revenue cutters on the eastern coast 
of Maine were small, and could only pursue smugglers in 
calm weather, it was freely introduced. Yet the records of 
the seizures of vessels, boats, salt, fish, rum, and woolen and 
cotton goods — which I have examined — show that the con- 
traband traders were not always successful. 

The situation of Colonel Trescott, the collector, as appears 
by his correspondence, — which is before me as I write, — 
was unpleasant and, to use his own expression, even " haz- 
ardous." Novel questions of law were continually coming up 
for decision, and instructions from the Treasury Department 
were indispensable. But he could only communicate with the 
Secretary through the post-ofhce at Dennysville, a distance of 
nineteen miles from his own office at Lubec, and by a road 
often impassable in vehicles or on horseback. He was in 
constant apprehension of the seizure of his person ; and, to 
provide against incursions from the enemy, he regularly 
transmitted the bonds, which he received for duties, to Bos- 
ton, by special messengers. One of the persons thus em- 
ployed went to Portland, a distance of two hundred and 
fifty miles, on foot. True Bradbury, another, to prevent 
suspicion of his errand, passed through the wilderness, and 
across the Schoodiac Lakes. The bonds which he trans- 
mitted for safe keeping to the State Bank, by three messen- 
gers, in September, 18 14, — only about two months after the 
capture, — amounted to upward of one hundred and twenty- 
seven thousand dollars. 

His officers, stationed at Calais, Robbinston, Whiting, and 
other places, to detect smugglers, were often in collision 
with persons who claimed that the goods which were taken 
from them had been entered ; and the schemes and plans of 
the " neutrals " kept them excited and tasked his patience. 



2 08 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

His opinion of the importation of goods, in the manner 
which I have mentioned, was often and freely expressed. 
He allowed it, he said, because " the law overruled " him. 
In August, 1814, heTwrote to'the district attorney that, "not- 
withstanding" his "advice, the merchants (and the country," 
said he, " is full of them) will persist in bringing merchandise 
in neutral vessels, and I am obliged to submit." " The neu- 
trals," he remarks in another letter, " insist upon bringing in 
British manufactured goods ; and I see no law I can avail 
myself of to prevent them. Five cargoes have been brought 
over since the capture of Moose Island : the one which 
arrived last night is a large sloop, crowded full y These five 
cargoes consisted of six hundred and sixty-nine packages. 
Again he wrote to the collector at Penobscot, " I cannot 
prevent the neutral deal, though to allow it is much against 
my wish under existing circumstances." In a letter to the 
Comptroller of the Treasury, dated in October, he said that, 
as " the enemy had possession of every port from the Passa- 
maquoddy to the Penobscot, he had no authority to act in 
his official capacity, and should retire to Portland, or some 
town east of it, and there wait the orders of the Secretary." 
He accordingly departed the district in the course of that 
month, but returned in March, 18 15, reopened his office, and 
continued at his post. He came back much against his will, 
it would seem, since, in a letter to General Dearborn at Bos- 
ton, he said, " God knows I have wished to avoid doing busi- 
ness at my office." His official papers were scattered over a 
line of four hundred miles, and were to be searched for in 
by-places, and in the custody of the many people to whom 
their removal from time to time had been intrusted. 

War introduces strange distinctions. It sets up startling 
definitions of right and wrong. It regulates human actions 
by a monstrous code of morals, all of which are illustrated 
bv the terms of intercourse allowed and forbidden with the 



UNDER MARTIAL LAW 



209 



frontier. The " neutral trade " was clearly open to severe 
censure. We have seen that the collector, though it was for 
his personal interest to countenance it, remonstrated against 
it. The government obtained the duties on the merchandise 
imported, it is true ; but, in principle^ in what respect did 
the trade differ from that which the government interdicted 
as treasonable ? 

The words " treason " and " traitor " are easily spoken at 
any time, and parrots can be taught to repeat them. There 
are human bipeds who are ever ready to cast them at those 
who do not bow the knee and doff the cap and shout for 
blood, more blood. But the cry of " treason " is raised, 
sometimes, to cover the guilt of those who utter it. Who 
does not feel that "a mother with an infant in her arms has 
nature's passport through the world " .'' And yet, when the 
mothers of Eastport, with babies at the breast, were held in 
unwilling subjection to a foreign power, it was called " trea- 
son " to feed them ! 

No article of the first necessity for children, for the suffer- 
ing and the sick, could go to Moose Island without guilt ; but 
every article of luxury and fashion could be carried inno- 
cently from it ! The wagon of the farmer, who perhaps 
was a relative of some sufferer, laden with the surplus prod- 
uce of his own land just across Tuttle's Ferry, was an 
object of suspicion, of detention, and of confiscation ; but 
the four-horse teams which thronged the rough and difficult 
highways between Lubec and the Penobscot, loaded with 
British manufactures, for sale in Boston, New York, and else- 
where, were furnished with government passports! Men 
affected to be shocked when they heard that the officers of 
the customs had seized an ox, a lamb, or a gallon of milk 
on the way to the frontier; but they smiled and chuckled at 
the skill displayed by adventurers in changing the national 
character of vessels, seamen, and fabrics at Lubec and at 



2IO EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Hampden, the war ports of entry for goods called "neutral," 
but known to everybody to be British. To punish the 
"treason" of those who came to Eastport with provisions, 
an act of Congress was hinted at, and the employment of 
troops suggested by an American functionary ; but I have no- 
where found that the commercial adventurers who went to it 
from the great cities of the United States were threatened 
with the loss of liberty or life for their practices. Nay : they 
enjoyed the express sanction of the Secretary of the Treasury. 
" Neutral vessels and cargoes," said that officer, " coming 
from any port of the British dominions, may be admitted to 
enter in every port of the United States." And he added 
that " whether the port which they cleared be real or color- 
able, friendly or hostile, can make no difference in the case." 
As in the embargo, the odium of the reprehensible trans- 
actions of which I have spoken was cast upon the inhabi- 
tants of the island. The public sentiment, to a very great 
degree, was unjust. The projectors, the great movers in 
these enterprises, came from abroad. There was not then a 
merchant at Eastport who had the experience, the capital, or 
the correspondence with persons in business elsewhere, nec- 
essary to plan or execute extensive importations ; and their 
participation in the " neutral " trade was therefore limited, 
and confined principally to storing, shipping, and forward- 
ing the merchandise of others, after the legal entry at the 
custom-house. Enough has been said to show that the peo- 
ple of Eastport endured many privations, and were denied 
many of the privileges to which they had been accustomed. 
True, they were allowed to manage their private concerns at 
pleasure, according to certain prescribed rules, and some 
civil rights were expressly permitted or enjoyed, by the in- 
attention of their captors ; but yet there were many things 
to render their situation irksome and extremely unpleasant. 
If they desired to pursue their maritime vocations and ap- 



UNDER MARTIAL LAW 2t£ 

plied to the collector at Lubec for leave, the question arose 
whether, being in subjection to the enemy, they could ap- 
pear as owners or masters of American vessels. If, in the 
business in which they might engage, they purchased fish 
and oil of the neighboring islanders, they were not suffered 
to introduce these commodities into the United States, which 
were the only markets for them. If fuel or fresh provisions 
were sent to them from the mainland, their own former 
townsmen — the revenue officers — were in readiness to seize 
whatever should come within their grasp. If they attempted 
to revive their trade on "the lines," they were met with the 
declaration that, as the boundary was not yet determined as 
provided in the treaty at Ghent, as Moose Island was held as 
a foreign place, and Dudley and Frederic Islands, though less 
important, were still claimed by the British, as the old lines, 
established long before by the collectors of the customs of the 
two governments for official purposes of their own, were now 
abolished, usages and prescriptions, in this state of affairs, 
were at an end, and that no indulgences could be allowed. 
If they endeavored to communicate with their countrymen 
west of the frontier, the nearest post-offices until 1816 were 
at Robbinston and Dennysville, both of which, at times 
in the winter, were inaccessible for weeks ; while letters 
addressed to them were stopped on the Penobscot, by order 
of the government, and reached them only after delay and 
by surreptitious and circuitous routes. 

In a word, claimed by England and claimed by the United 
States, they were partially disowned by both.* When the 
subject of allowing them the full privileges of British sub- 
jects was considered in the cabinet council of New Bruns- 

* A number of persons who were born on the island during the foreign occupation 
were by birth British subjects as well as American citizens, and years after in several 
instances it was found convenient to remember this fact. A merchant, who in a provin- 
cial port had proceeded to sell the cargo of his vessel without the intervention of a 
commission merchant, not knowing that there was a local regulation which forbade 



212 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

wick, the boon was denied ; and the official decision was sent 
to town, to be posted on the corners of the streets. So, on 
the other hand, when their senator appeared in the legis- 
lature of Massachusets, it was gravely urged that, as he came 
from a conquered district, he could not hold his seat. Yet 
the Commonweath levied the State tax as usual, and actu- 
ally sued to recover it. 

Peace removed some of these disabilities, but others con- 
tinued during the entire period of British rule. That event 
caused every hostile foot, elsewhere, to leave our soil. The 
absurd claim to the territory from the Penobscot eastward 
to the St. Croix was abandoned, but the islands in the 
Passamaquoddy were left by the treaty in dispute. To these 
islands the British commissioners clung with almost invinci- 
ble tenacity. "After commencing the negotiations with the 
loftiest pretensions of conquest," says John Quincy Adams, 
" they finally settled down into the determination merely to 
keep Moose Island and the fisheries to themselves. This 
was the object of their deepest solicitude. Their efforts to 
obtain our acquiescence to their pretensions that the fishing 
liberties had been forfeited by the war were unwearied. 
They presented it to us in every form that ingenuity could 
devise. It was the first stumbling-block and the last obstacle 
to the conclusion of the treaty." 

Mr. Adams and his associate commissioners at Ghent in- 
sisted upon the immediate restitution of Moose Island and 
its dependencies, until they had reason to believe that further 
perseverance would have prevented the termination of the 
war, when they consented that the possession of England 
might be continued until commissioners, to be appointed 

foreigners to transact business without a license, was saved from arrest and a fine be- 
cause it was remembered that he was born on Moose Island when under martial law. 
A lady, of Eastport birth at that time, is now living, whose patriotic father, determined 
that his child should be born under the American flag, spread the stars and stripes over 
the mother's bed at the time of her birth. — k. 



UNDER MARTIAL LAW 213 

under the treaty, should decide the question of title finally. 
Nearly three years elapsed before the commissioners came 
to determine ; and six months were suffered to pass, after 
their decision was made, before martial law ceased to be en- 
forced on territory acknowledged, after so much delay, to 
belong to the United States, and entitled therefore to all the 
immunities guaranteed by the Constitution. 

How few now remember that a part of Maine was under 
the rule of officers in the British army from the nth of July, 
1814, to the 30th of June, 1818 ! 

Finally, Brigadier-general James Miller, of the United 
States army, was designated by the President, and Colonel 
Henry Sargeant by the Governor of Massachusetts, to re- 
ceive from Captain R. Gibbon, the British officer in com- 
mand, the formal restoration of Moose Island and its depen- 
dencies ; and the last day of June, 1818, was fixed upon for 
the exchange of national flags. 

Captain Gibbon was entitled to the respect of the inhabi- 
tants ; and, on taking leave of him, they prepared and pre- 
sented the following letter : — 

Eastport, 27th June, 1818. 

To Capt. R. Gibbon, Commandant, &c., &:. 

Sir: The time being near at hand when this Island will re- 
vert to the United States and our separation being about to take 
place, we, the undersigned citizens of Eastport, beg leave to ex- 
press to you our high respect and esteem for the disposition you 
have, at all times, evinced during your command, to conserve the 
interests of the inhabitants ; to unite moderation with firmness : 
and prudence with decision. 

We congratulate you and ourselves, that the circumstances 
under which we are about to separate are so widely different 
from those which brought us together. The happy return of 
Peace between the two countries to which we are respectively 
attached must ever be a subject of congratulation to the people of 
both nations. 



214 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

The causes of war having passed away, we sincerely hope the 
passions and resentments of the contest have passed away with 
them ; and it is with pleasure we reflect, that it is far from being 
the characteristic of the enlightened people of either country, 
to suffer the bitterness of animosity to mingle with their joy ; 
but rather to consider each other ^^ e?iemzes,m War — in Peace, 
friendsy 

While from an ardent attachment to the Government of our 
own country, we felicitate ourselves that its laws are again to be 
restored to us, which must ever be more congenial to our feelings, 
as American citizens, than the laws of any other ; we should do 
injustice to our own feelings, were we to be unmindful of the tribute 
of respect, so justly due to yourself and other officers who have 
presided over us ; and who, in the discharge of their official duties, 
have had the magnanimity and uprightness to refrain from all 
oppression, and to overcome the temptation " to feel power and 
forget rights 

We would also avail ourselves of this opportunity to express, 
through you, our high consideration and esteem for Major Gal- 
lagher, whose prompt and friendly attention to the interests of the 
inhabitants will ever be justly appreciated. 

To Doctor Bett, also, we would offer the sentiments of sincere 
regard and esteem : his many charitable and kind offices towards 
many of the inhabitants of this place, will durably impress his 
name upon the table of grateful recollection. 

To the other officers of the garrison, whose habits have been 
but little detached from the community, and who, in the character 
of the soldier, have not lost the feelings of the citizen, we would 
present our best and most sincere wishes for their future welfare 
and prosperity. 

Wishing you health and happiness, we have the honor to be, 
Sir, with great respect, 

Your most obedient servants. 

[Signed by John Burgin and by forty-two of the respect- 
able resident inhabitants, in the name of the whole.] 



UNDER MARTIAL LAW 215 

Captain Gibbon replied thus : — 

Moose Island, June 28th, 1818. 
Gentlemen : 

I have received an Address, to which the name of you, the 
principal inhabitants of Moose Island, is attached. 

It gives me much pleasure and satisfaction to learn that my 
conduct, as that of the officers of the detachment of his Majesty's 
troops placed under my command, have met your expressed 
approbation. 

I beg you will accept, Gentlemen, from myself and those offi- 
cers, our united thanks for such a flattering testimonial of your 
regard. With best wishes for your future welfare and happiness, 
we sincerely hope that the amity and good understanding so 
happily re-established between nations, of the same language and 
feelings, may be so strongly cemented by a reciprocity of inter- 
ests and advantages, as never to meet with interruption or dis- 
union. I have the honor, to be, Gentlemen, 

Your very obedient humble servant, 

R. Gibbon, Capt. 98, Commandant. 

John Burgin, Esq. Moose Island. 

Sergeant Crook, though of humble rank as a military man, 
had been the' commandant's sheriff or high constable, and 
therefore a personage of power and consequence. He could 
have given the citizens much trouble. But he had executed 
the mandates of his superior with due regard for the feelings 
of the citizens, and had so far won their confidence that 
they had made him their own officer of police. In the hour 
of leave-taking, he was not to be forgotten. 

Eastport, June 25, 1818. 
To Sargeant Peter Crook, 

1st Battalion Royal Artillery. 

Sir: As the time has nearly arrived when you will leave this 
place, we, the undersigned, citizens of Eastport, cannot forbear 
giving you some parting testimony of our respect and esteem. 



2l6 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

The prudence with which you have discharged your various 
duties among the citizens, and the delicacy with which you have 
executed the commands of the Commandant relating to them, 
deserve our best acknowledgments ; and we would be doing 
injustice to our feelings, did we not, in this public manner, assure 
you of our best and sincere wishes for your future welfare and 
prosperity. 

[Signed by the most respectable inhabitants.] 

The sergeant thus replied to this letter : — 

Eastport, June 27th, 1818. 
To THE Citizens of Moose Island. 

Gentlemen : I beg leave to acknowledge the receipt of your 
note, dated the 25th inst., and must confess my inability to ex- 
press myself sufficiently on this occasion ; but gratitude for your 
friendly and civil conduct towards me, as well as this mark of 
your approbation and esteem, demands my most sincere thanks ; 
and that you may long enjoy health, happiness, and prosperity, is 

the sincere wish of, 

Gentlemen, Yours, &c. 

P. Crook, 
Sergeant Royal Artillery. 

Early in the morning of the 30th, agreeable to the plan of 
arrangements, the British and American troops exchanged 
salutes, when the former evacuated Fort Sullivan, and the 
latter took possession of it. A national salute of twenty 
guns, " Yankee Doodle " by the band, the lowering of the 
British and the hoisting of the American colors, and six 
hearty cheers by the throng of spectators completed the 
ceremonies and rejoicing of the occasion. On the ist of 
July, a public dinner was given to General Miller by the 
citizens in a spacious awning erected for the purpose on the 
spot subsequently occupied by the houses of Daniel Kilby 



UNDER MARTIAL LAW 217 

and Joseph H. Claridge. The first sentiment at table was, 
"The President of the United States"; the second, "The 
Governor of the Commonwealth " ; the third, "Brigadier-gen- 
eral Miller." 

On the annunciation of the last, Ichabod R. Chadbourne 
arose in behalf of his townsmen, and addressed their distin- 
guished guests thus : — 

" General, — It is with no ordinary sensation of pleasure 
that we again see the national standard waving over our 
heads. Four years' deprivation of our civil rights has given 
to them an increased value. The pleasure we feel on again 
receiving the privileges and protection of our country is in 
no wise diminished in having them restored to us by one who 
so bravely fought in their defence. 

" The world has heard of the gallant deeds done at Erie, 
Bridgewater, and Brownston. We tender our admiration to 
the man who sought danger, and won for himself and coun- 
try glory and renown." 

To this terse and happy speech, the general made the 
following reply : — 

"Sir, — It is impossible, at this time, to do justice to my 
own feelings in answer to your very flattering address. Per- 
mit me, however, to return to you, and through you to the 
inhabitants of Eastport, my grateful acknowledgments for 
the very liberal expressions of approbation contained in it ; 
and be assured it will ever be a source of gratification to me 
to be instrumental in promoting your future prosperity and 
happiness." 

Volunteer sentiments were then given, of which some have 
been preserved : — 

By General Miller, "The citizens of Eastport, — may their 
future prosperity equal their present hospitality." 

By Lieutenant Allanson, aid to General Miller: "Major- 
general Jackson, of the United States army. He would not 



2l8 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

flatter Neptune for his trident, nor Jove for his power to 
thunder." 

By Colonel Henry Sargent, " May we never despise our 
enemy, nor from him fly ; but, like Miller, boldly forward 
march, and say, ' We'll try.' " 

By Dr. Benjamin Waterhouse, " Those three bright stars, 
yet visible in the American horizon, — Adams, Jefferson, and 
Madison." 

By Lieutenant Merchant, of the United States army, 
*' The young ladies of Moose Island, — may they each catch 
a Deer of their own choosing." 

By Jonathan Bartlett, "The icommissioners under the 
Fourth Article of the treaty of Ghent, — they have cast our 
lines in pleasant places." 

By Jonathan D. Weston, "The 30th of June, 1818, — 
which not only restored to the inhabitants of Eastport their 
personal and civil rights, but the right of exercising them." 

By George Norton, " May the war-whoop and tomahawk 
of destruction pursue the incorrigible enemies of our country 
until they accept the wampum belt of reformation." 

By Solomon Rice, " The commissioners of Ghent, — the 
enlightened guardians of the honor and rights of their 
country." 

The same day (July i) Colonel Sargent, in a pertinent 
note, communicated to the citizens " the pleasure which the 
supreme authority of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts 
receives from their restoration to the full enjoyment of all 
the rights and benefits of our constitution and laws," and 
announced that the jurisdiction of Massachusetts, by the 
termination of the disputes relative to the boundary, was 
" now perfect and complete." The selectmen of the town, — 
Abel Stevens, Ezra T. Bucknam, and Ethel Olmstead, — 
in behalf of the citizens, made a suitable reply, in which 
they breathed the wish that those who were restored to their 



UNDER MARTIAL LAW 



219 



former share of interest in the State government would "ever 
be good citizens, faithful to their country, and ambitious for 
the exalted character and honor of " Massachusetts. 

The restoration of the island was the beginning of a new 
era in its annals. A spirit of enterprise prevailed immedi- 
ately, and additions were made to the wharves and stores, 
in anticipation of an increase of business ; while several gen- 
I tlemen of Portland and other parts of Maine removed there, 
who soon gave a high tone to the moral, social, and literary 
character of the town and the neighborhood. 



SSiS, 




A Vmk 



CHAPTER VI. 

THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF EASTPORT. 

With Notices of the Citizens who have represented 
THE Town in the General Court of the Com- 
monwealth OF Massachusetts and Legis- 
lature OF THE State of Maine. 

BY W. H. KILBY. 

The desire for organization developed very slowly among 
the original settlers of Eastport. The real life of the future 
American town may be said to have begun when Samuel 
Tuttle and John Shackford, two ex-Revolutionary soldiers, 
came to Moose Island, soon after the peace of 1783. They 
found here a few settlers, about half a dozen families, the 
majority of whom had either been of British sympathy or 
indifferent to the result of the great struggle ; and many of 
those who came later expected to make only a temporary 
sojourn while engaging in frontier trade or the fisheries. 
The township lines of this section were laid out in 1785 by 
Rufus Putnam, who was afterward a prominent figure in the 
early settlement of the State of Ohio. The first settlers 
here were squatters, so called, and had no titles to the places 
they occupied until the island was divided into lots by Solo- 
mon Gushing, and assigned to their occupants in 1791. 
Plantation No. 8 included the present territory of both East- 
port and Lubec, and in 1790* a population of two hundred 
and forty-four persons was scattered over this wide area. 

* See Appendix D. 



POLITICAL HISTORY 22 1 

For the time they were content with a simple plantation or- 
ganization, but at length began to feel the necessity of some- 
thing stronger and more comprehensive, as will be seen by 
the following document, which is copied verbatim from the 
original : — 

Cowity of Washhigton^ Co7n7no7iwealth of Massachusetts. 

At a meeting of the Freeholders and other inhabitants of Plan- 
tation No. 8 in the Bay of Passamaquoddy held at the Meeting 
House on Moose Island Monday the 13th March 1797. 

On motion 

That the very great inconveniences the Plantation labors under 
in lying so near the British Lines, and a resort for strangers dur- 
ing the fishing season by which indigent objects are thrown upon 
them, to the great damage and expence of the inhabitants whose 
circumstances are very unable to bear such burthens. Allso that 
being at an extreme part of the Commonwealth, subjected to many 
evils for the want of suitable officers to execute the laws, which 
appears cannot be legally chosen by the Plantation in their pres- 
ent situation. 

Therefore, 

Voted, That application be made to the Hon'ble the General 
Court at their sessions in May next to incorporate said Planta- 
tion by the name of 

FREETOWN. 

Voted, Mess. Samuel Tuttell, John Burgan and John Allan be a 
Committee in behalfe of the Inhabitants. To draw up a petition 
to the General Court for Incorporation agreeable to the foresaid 
Motion and Resolve, and that they forward the same for the pur- 
pose before mentioned to some suitable person. 

Jonathan Leavitt, Moderator. 
• Jacob Lincoln, Plantation Clerk. 

The text of this document is in a different handwriting 
from either of the signatures. The petition to the General 
Court, based on this authority, is carefully drawn and signed 



22 2 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

by the committee, Samuel Tuttle, John Burgin, and John 
Allan. They do not seem to have felt obliged to follow their 
instructions literally ; for, instead of presenting the name of 
Freetown in compliance with the vote of the preliminary 
meeting, they asked to have the plantation incorporated with 
the name of East Port. I have heard that the latter name 
was first suggested by Captain Hopley Yeaton, who at that 
time commanded the United States revenue cutter on the 
station ; and its peculiar fitness for the locality must have 
commended it to the committee. There is now in Massachu- 
setts a town of Freetown, adjoining the city of Fall River, 
which was incorporated in 1863, and derives its name from 
the fact that a portion of its territory had been known as the 
" free lands." 

Nathaniel Goddard, a young merchant who was at that 
time carrying on a large business near where Blanchards' 
mill now stands, rendered important assistance in getting the 
act incorporated, and at a town meeting, March 11, 1799, 
received a vote of thanks for his services. He afterward 
moved back to Boston, where he became a leading merchant 
and accumulated a large estate. If there had been any 
difficulty in securing the necessary legislation, there were 
two members of the House of Representatives who, with 
their knowledge of and interest in our section, could have 
been of great service. One of these was Honorable Edward 
H. Robbins, of Milton, Speaker of the House, and the prin- 
cipal proprietor of Plantation No. 4, which, when incorpo- 
rated several years later, was called Robbinston in his honor. 
Subsequently, he was chosen lieutenant governor of the 
Commonwealth ; and just before this time, when the present 
State House, which was first occupied Jan. 11, 1798, was 
being built, he was one of the commissioners in charge of 
the work, and I have heard that the columns which orna- 
ment the second story of the building in front were made 



POLITICAL HISTORY 223 

from trees cut near the West Magurrawock Lake on his plan- 
tation. The other was Colonel Aaron Hobart, of Abington, 
who represented his native town for fourteen consecutive 
years, from 1793 to 1807 inclusive, and was the original pro- 
prietor of Plantation No. 10, now Edmunds. 

The following is a copy of the act of incorporation : — 

An act to incorporate the plantation called number eight in 
the County of Washington in the bay of Passamaquoddy into a 
town by the name of Eastport. 

Sec. I. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Represen- 
tatives in Gejieral Court assevibled a?td by the authority of the 
sanie^ 

That the plantation called number 8 in the bay of Passamaquoddy^ 
bounded as follows, viz. : Southerly by the bay of Futidy or Atlan- 
tic Ocean; easterly by a line as delineated in the plan of said 
plantation taken by Rufus Putnam, Esq., and others in the 
months of fune and fuly in the year one thousand seven hundred 
and eighty-five, and drawn from the eastern point of West Quoddy 
Head J northerly through the narrows into Passajnagiwddy Bay, 
and between Moose Island and Deer Island; northerly by a line 
delineated as aforesaid ; and from the middle of the passage 
called the Gut between Pleasatit Point and Burnt Island^ run- 
ning westerly and south westerly through Cobscook Bay by the 
middle of the ship channel^ between Crawford^s or Defiboui's Neck 
and Fall Island^ westerly by a line running southerly through said 
ship channel up Straight Bay to a white pine tree at its head, 
marked 1785 NE., NW. ; from thence by line trees, South nine 
degrees thirty minutes east, four miles three hundred twelve rods 
to a spruce tree on the northerly shore of Haycock's Harbour 
marked 1785, SW, SE, and thence through the middle of said har- 
bour to the bay of Fundy^ including Moose Island^ Burnt Island^ 
Ditdley Island, Frede?'ick Island, the Isle of Patmos, and all 
other islands within the said boundaries, as described in said plan 
together with all the inhabitants therein, be and hereby are incor- 
porated into a town by the name of Eastport, with all the powers. 



2 24 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

privileges, and immunities which towns within this Commonwealth 
do or may enjoy by law. 

Sec. 2. Afid be it further enacted by the authority afore said, 

That John Allan, Esq., be and hereby is empowered to issue 
his warrant to some suitable inhabitant of said town, requiring him 
to warn the inhabitants thereof to meet at such time and place as 
he shall therein set forth to choose all such officers as towns are 
by law required and empowered to choose in the month of March 
or April annually. 

Signed by Samuel Phillips, President of Senate, Edward H. 
Robbins, Speaker of the House, and Increase Sumner, Governor, 
Feby. 24, 1798. 

Eastport was the one hundred and sixteenth incorporated 
town in Maine, where there are now nearly four times that 
number, and the sixth town in Washington County. Prior 
to 1789 there were but three counties in Maine (York, Cum- 
berland, and Lincoln) ; and this section was included in the 
territory of the latter, of which the shire town was Pownal- 
borough, which afterward took the name of Wiscasset. When 
Washington County was established, June 25, 1789 (and 
Hancock County same day), it had but one incorporated 
town (Machias) in its limits ; and the census taken the fol- 
lowing year showed a population of only 2,758 in the entire 
county. 

In compliance with the provisions of the act of incorpora- 
tion, Colonel Allan issued his warrant to John Burgin, Esq., 
who notified and warned the inhabitants to assemble at the 
meeting-house on Moose Island on the 21st of May, 1798, to 
organize the new town of Eastport and choose town officers. 
The fact that in this little edifice began the political as well 
as the religious life of the town is a good reason why some 
monument should mark its site. 

At this first meeting, the following officers were chosen : 



POLITICAL HISTORY 225 

Jonathan Leavitt, moderator ; Jacob Lincoln, town clerk ; 
Paul Johnson, William Clark, Sen., of Soward's Neck, and 
John Burgin, selectmen and overseers of the poor ; Samuel 
Tuttle, Jonathan Morgan Owen, and John Newcomb, assess- 
ors ; Dominicus Rumery, Andrew Bowman, constables ; 
Laban Stoddard, Jos. Clark, Jr., tithing-men ; Daniel Joy, 
collector ; John Newcomb, William Allan, of Dudley Island, 
Solomon Cushing, Laban Stoddard, and Jonathan Leavitt, 
surveyors of lumber ; John Newcomb, Jos. Clark, and Will- 
iam Clark, inspectors and cullers of fish ; Lemuel Trescott, 
town treasurer ; Solomon Mabee and Eben Ramsdell, hog- 
reeves ; John Allan, Jonathan Leavitt, and Thomas Dexter, 
auditors of accounts ; William Ricker, Samuel Tuttle, and 
Benjamin Reynolds, fence-viewers ; Jonathan Leavitt, Will- 
iam Rumery, William Hammon, William Ramsdell, and 
Caleb Boynton, surveyors of highways. 

On the 5th November, 1798, there appears to have been- 
held both a town meeting and an election for member of 
Congress for the first eastern district ; and, as the record in 
both cases is somewhat peculiar, they are worth repeating. 
At the former, the moderator read a letter from foreman of 
grand jury, stating that a presentment had been made be- 
cause the town had failed to procure ammunition, whereupon 
it was voted "that inhabitants view it as an insult that any 
such presentment should be made in so short a time after 
incorporation," etc. ; and for member of Congress there is 
reported : " Henry Dearborn, thirty votes, Silas Lee, no 
votes, when the selectmen proclaimed Henry Dearborn a 
majority of the town." 

Apparently there was not much interest in these Congres- 
sional and State elections. Few people turned out, and the 
votes were all one way. The population of the town at this 
time must have been nearly five hundred (by the census of 
1800, it was five hundred and sixty-three), and ought to have 



2 26 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

cast a much larger vote. It was not easy getting to the 
polls. Practically there were no roads. Travelling was 
done in boats or by walking along the shores and beaches. 
The fact that the meeting-house was built at a place which 
has never had anything like a village about it shows that no 
centre had yet begun to develop. Two or three years later, 
the land which now comprises the busiest and most compact 
part of the town (the section between Key and Washington 
Streets) was sold for the trifling sum of eighty dollars. In 
selecting the site for the first meeting-house, the accommo- 
dation of worshippers coming from the neighboring islands 
must have been considered. There seems to have been a 
disposition to consult the convenience of the voters resid- 
ing on the main by holding town meetings there part of the 
time j and the polling place for the annual State election of 
Monday, April 7, 1799, was at the house of Mr. Benjamin 
Reynolds on Soward's Neck, and, on closing the polls, the 
vote stood as follows : — 

" His Excellency, Increase Sumner, governor, twenty-eight 
votes ; his Honor, Moses Gill, lieutenant governor, twenty- 
eight votes ; the Honorable Alexander Campbell, senator, 
twenty-eight votes. No negative appeared." 

Monday, Nov. 3, 1800, Nathaniel Dummer received all 
the votes cast for representative to Congress, first eastern 
district, thirteen in number, which shows how little interest 
was felt in the election. 

Formerly, the Massachusetts House of Representatives 
was a variable body, having a larger number of members on 
some years than others. In 18 12, when there was an excit- 
ing political contest, it consisted of seven hundred and forty- 
five members, of whom two hundred and fourteen were from 
Maine. As they occupied the same hall which now accom- 
modates only two hundred and forty, there must have been 
pretty close stowage. By the constitution of the State, a 



POLITICAL HISTORY 2 2/ 

town of one hundred and fifty ratable polls was entitled to 
one representative, and one for each additional two hundred 
and twenty-five polls. A town could vote not to send, and 
would save money by so doing ; for, while the State paid the 
travel of the representatives, the amount of their per diefn 
allowance was charged back and collected of the towns. 
Eastport seems first to have become entitled to representa- 
tion in 1805; for, at the May election in that year, it was 
voted " not to send." Similar action was taken in 1806 ; and, 
in 1807, for the first time, the most eastern town in the Com- 
monwealth sent a representative to the General Court. 

In modern times, the addition of "Esq." to a man's name 
is in most cases simply a term of compliment or respect ; but 
formerly this title had a very definite meaning, and indicated 
important rank and station. The word comes down to us 
from classic times, when it meant a shield-bearer. In the 
days of chivalry an esquire was the lieutenant of a knight, 
then in England it belonged to the sons of the nobility, and 
in later days was bestowed upon all magistrates. Our New 
England ancestry were quite punctilious in their use of titles. 
If a man was squire or deacon, captain or ensign, he got the 
benefit of it whenever his name was used ; and it was not 
every one who could be addressed as Mr. (master). The or- 
dinary prefix was goodman. It is related that "in 1631, 
Sept. 27th, Josiah Plaistow of Boston, for a misdemeanor is 
sentenced by the Court of Assistants hereafter to be called 
by the name of Josiah, and not Mr. as formerly he used to 
be." Magistrates had the title of Esq. as in England, and 
it was also allowed to representatives to the General Court ; 
while members of the State Senate, the lineal successors of 
his Majesty's Council, were Honorable. Important military 
titles, and sometimes those of a professional character, were 
given preference ; and not unfrequently a prominent citizen 
was given a title at both ends of his name. On the town 



228 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

records it is written that, at the election of 1806, Hon. 
David Cobb, Esq., and Hon. Mark L. Hill, Esq., each re- 
ceived fifty-four votes for senators ; and in the burying- 
ground at South Abington there is the headstone of Col. 
Aaron Hobart, Esq., who has already been mentioned. In 
the notices which follow, the intention is to give in each in- 
stance the title warranted by custom. 

At the election held May 4, 1807, Eastport chose for her 
first representative Colonel Oliver Shead. He was the son 
of Oliver and Chloe (Jones) Shead, born in Brookline, 
Mass., Oct. 29, 1777, came to Eastport as clerk of Nathan- 
iel Goddard, who was the second* merchant to establish 
himself here, which he did in the year 1789. Afterward, 
Mr. Shead connected himself in trade with Aaron Hayden, 
under the firm of Hayden & Shead ; and they succeeded to 
Mr. Goddard's large business. He built the first two-story 
house on the island, at the North End, near where the bridge 
now crosses. It has recently passed into the hands of Mr. 
E. A. Holmes, and lost its identity in the improvement 
of the estate. In 1802, he was appointed the first post- 
master, and held the office until his decease ; and he was 
the first coroner, was town treasurer from 1800 to 181 1, 
when, declining re-election, he received a vote of thanks in 
town meeting. He owned the first horse on the island. It 
was a vicious, black animal, which grown up children, who 
had never seen the like before, called an ox without horns, 
and smaller children called "the devil." He was chosen 
second captain of the town militia, John Shackford having 
been the first. His order, dated Aug. 16, 1800, directs Mr. 
Henry Wade, sergeant of the Eastport militia, to notify and 
warn the train band of militia in this town from eighteen 

* The first merchant in Eastport was a Mr. Warren, who came from Boston before 
1789, and had his store on Clark's beach, near Clark's ledge, where J. T. Pike & Co.'s 
establishment was in later years. He afterward moved to Allan's Island and did busir 
ness there. 



POLITICAL HISTORY 229 

years old to forty-five to appear on parade at a place called 
Reynolds Point, or Soward's Neck, on Saturday, the 30th 
day of the month, at nine o'clock in the forenoon, equipped 
according to law of military duty and discipline, etc.* 

Muster was held at Pleasant Point, and the Eastport com- 
pany went in boats. There was present, also, the company 
from along the river up to Schoodic, under the command 
of Captain Thomas Vose, and I suppose the third company, 
which included the men of Dennys River, Pennamaquan, 
and Orangetown. As Captain Shead's and Captain Vose's 
commissions bore the same date, there was a serious dispute 
as to which was entitled to the right of the line ; and Captain 
Shead was arrested by Major Brewer, and the Eastport com- 
pany placed under the command of his first lieutenant, 
Jacob Lincoln. At a later day. Captain Shead was tried by 
court martial and acquitted, and was afterward chosen major 
and then colonel of the regiment. When elected to the 
General Court in 1807, he was allowed for four hundred fifty 
miles travel, that being the distance by post road from East- 
port to Boston ; and the only other member from Washington 
County at the time was John Dickinson, of Machias. In 
1808, the town voted not to send; but Colonel Shead was 
re-elected, 1809, 1810, and 181 1, having the last year Mr. 
Delesdernier for colleague, the increased population of the 
town being sufficient for two representatives. Colonel 
Shead was a comparatively young man, only thirty-six when 
he died at Eastport, Nov. 18, 18 13, being still at the time 
postmaster of the town, and colonel of the Third Regiment 
and Second Brigade, Tenth Division of the militia of the 
Commonwealth, of which John Balkam and Joseph Whitney 
were majors. In later years, his son, also Oliver Shead, 
filled the same position of postmaster of the town eight 
years, from 1837 to 1845 ; and his grandson, Edward E. 

* See Appendix E. 



230 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Shead, the publisher of this volume, is now president of the 
Frontier National Bank. 

At the annual town meeting, April 2, 1810, it was "voted 
that a committee be chosen by the people of Sowards Neck 
to petition the legislature of Boston to be set off from Moose 
Island and be a town or district by itself " ; and Samuel 
Yeaton, Joseph Clark, Jr., and Benjamin Reynolds were 
appointed the committee. The petition signed by this com- 
mittee asks " that all that part of the town called Sowards 
Neck, Denbos Neck, and all the parts not connected with 
Moose Island, may be set off into a district by the name of 
Lubec, because, among other reasons, their interests which 
are agricultural are materially different from those of Moose 
Island, that the municipal regulations require a different 
arrangement, and the parochial and pecuniary concerns, 
a different management," etc. The petition is in the hand- 
writing of Jonathan D. Weston, at whose suggestion, as I 
have heard, the name of Lubec was selected. It bears an 
indorsement showing that it was sent to be presented at the 
May session, but was received too late for action. Next 
year, April i, 181 1, a committee of six was appointed to 
draft a bill for the separation of Soward's Neck from Moose 
Island, consisting of Jonathan D. Weston, Jabez Mowry, 
Sherman Leland, Samuel Beals, Joseph Clark, Jr., and Ben- 
jamin Reynolds; and at a later meeting. May 6, it was 
voted to accept the draft of the bill reported by this com- 
mittee. 

Lubeck, as the name is spelled in the act of incorporation, 
which is dated June 21, 181 1, was the one hundred eighty- 
eighth town in Maine. Besides the mainland, it included 
Dudley, Frederic, Mark, and Roger's Islands ; and, until 
the population of the town should be sufficient to entitle it 
to separate representation in the legislature, it was to con- 
tinue to join with Eastport in the election of representatives, 



POLITICAL HISTORY 23 I 

and to pay its proportion of the expenses thereof, and, at the 
meeting for such purpose, the selectmen of Eastport were to 
preside. 

By the separation of Lubec, the town was greatly reduced 
in its proportions, and became in territory about the smallest 
municipality in the State. Eastport did not as heretofore 
include within its borders the extreme eastern point of land 
in the United States. It used to be supposed that Todd's 
Head was the jumping-off place, as it was called ; and even 
so competent a historian as Mr. Weston publishes the state- 
ment, and a good deal of sentiment has been wasted by 
visitors who have gone there with the supposition that they 
had reached the most eastern extreme of the republic, 
though West Quoddy Head in Lubec (its Indian name is 
Cheburn) is nearly a mile farther east. 

This division of the town naturally closes the first chapter 
of its history. The census of 1810 showed a population of 
1,511, all of three times what it was when incorporated a 
dozen years before. The increase had not been a steady, 
healthy growth. The embargo and the other restrictive 
measures which preceded the second war with Great Britain, 
while they closed the regular avenues of commercial inter- 
course between the two countries, turned it into illegitimate 
channels, and sent to this frontier a horde of adventurers ; 
and vast quantities of merchandise were taken out of the 
country as well as brought in, in defiance of official inter- 
ference. The stirring incidents of this period, as well as 
those of the war which followed, have already been faithfully 
and graphically related, and can only be hinted at here. 
The effect upon the morals as well as the reputation of the 
place was decidedly injurious, and during these years but 
little was done to promote the higher interests of the com- 
munitv- 

One notable event was the erection in 1809 of the school- 



232 



EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 



house at the head of Boynton Street, on land which had 
been presented to the town by Caleb Boynton, the origina 
proprietor, and had already been the site of a smaller school 
house, which was destroyed by fire in the winter of 1808-9 
The new edifice, long familiarly known as the Old South 
did excellent service in the thirty-six years of its existence 
when it, too, was burned, to be replaced by the Boyn- 
ton School-house. For many years it was occupied on 
Sunday for religious worship by different societies, before 
they were able to build meeting-houses. It was the place 
for lectures and exhibitions. Town meetings were held here, 

and during the British 
occupation it was used 
as a theatre. During 
this period, also, the 
United States made 
two important construc- 
tions within the limits 
of the town, — one the 
batterv and barracks 
at Fort Sullivan, and 
the other the light- 
house at West Quoddy. 
An important local event of the time was the institution 
of Eastern Lodge of F. A. Masons on the nth of Au- 
gust, 180 1, at the house at Todd's Head, then owned and 
occupied by John C. Todd, which is still standing, well 
known as the residence of the late Nathan Bucknam. In 
the Masonic records, the lodge-room is called " Mantuan 
Hall." The petitioners for the charter were among the lead- 
ing men of the section : Daniel Putnam Upton, the first 
lawyer in practice here, whose son, George B. Upton, born 
on the main in Eastport, was afterward a prominent Boston 
merchant ; Oliver Shead, the first representative of the 




WEST QUODDY LIGHT, BUILT 1S09. 



POLITICAL HISTORY 



233 



General Court and first postmaster ; Louis Frederic Deles- 
dernier, the first collector of the district of Passamaquoddy ; 
General John Brewer, of Robbinston, the first of that rank 
on the frontier ; Hopley Yeaton, commander of the first rev- 
enue cutter on the station ; Abijah Sherman, Joshua Chase, 
and William Ramsdell. 

This was a time of sharp political contests throughout the 
country. In the earlier years, Eastport generally gave a 
majority for the Federal candidates ; but, after 1806, the 
vote was largely for the Republican, or, as it was getting to 
be called, the Democratic party. Sometimes but little inter- 
est was taken ; 
and in 18 10 
only thirty-one 
votes were cast 
for representa- 
tive, of which 
Colonel Shead 
received twen- 
ty-two, and was 
elected. 

It needs to 
be remembered 
that at this time 

MASONIC HALL. — iSoi. 

there was a 

property test ; and no one could vote unless he had real 
estate in town of the rental value of £2, ($10) a year, or other 
property amounting to £60 ($200). I remember hearing my 
father say that, when he became of age, wdiich w-as only a few 
days before election, there w^as some talk about his voting, 
and he suggested that, being just out of his time and without 
property, he did not see how he had a right to vote ; but the 
officers of Plantation No. 2 said: "Why, of course Daniel 
has a right to vote. He has got his clothes and his watch ; 




234 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

and, of course, a young man like him is worth $200." So his 
name was put on the list; but he never felt just right about 
it, and was glad when the law was repealed. 

The following extract is made from the town records of 
the time : — 

At a legal meeting held on the 24th day of October, 1S03, 
agreeably to warrant the following business was transacted. 

1st Chose Aaron Hayden moderator. 

2nd The report of the Selectmen respecting the road from 
Mr. Shackford's to the Meeting House was read. On motion, 
Will the town accept the road agreeable to the report and survey 
of the same, it passed in the negative. Voted that . the town 
accept the road as laid out from Mr. Shackford's to Mr. Todd's 
northern line. 

This was Water Street. Judge Burgin fought hard to 
have it laid out of suitable width ; but it seemed impossible 
to convince the inhabitants that anything more spacious than 
a foot-path where two hand-barrows could pass each other 
was needed. They considered it a waste of land and ex- 
pense in building to put over twenty feet into the width of a 
highway along that shore, and it was not until after the fire 
of " '39 " that the street was improved to its present width. 
The following list gives the names of those who filled the 
most important town offices during this first period : — 

Moderators: Jonathan Leavitt, [798 and 1799; William 
Allan, 1800; Oliver Shead, 1801 ; John Allan, 1802 ; Lemuel 
Trescott, 1803 and 1807; Aaron Hayden, 1804; John Bur- 
gin, 1805, 1806, 1808, 1809, and 1810. Town clerks: Jacob 
Lincoln, 1798 and part of 1799; Joseph Y. Burgin, 1799, 
1800, 1801, and 1802 ; Benjamin R. Jones, 1803 and 1804 ; 
Jonathan D. Weston, 1805, 1806, and 1807 ; Thomas Burn- 
ham, 1808, 1809, 1810. Treasurers: Lemuel Trescott, part 
of 1798; James Bradbury, 1798 and 1799; Oliver Shead, 



POLITICAL HISTORY 235 

1800 to 1810 inclusive. Selectmen: John Burgin, 1798, 
1799, 1800, 1801, 1803, 1804, 1805, 1S06, and 1809; Paul 
Johnson, 1798; William Clark, Sen., 1798; Benjamin Rey- 
nolds, 1799, 1809; James Bradbury, 1799; Jonathan Leavitt, 
1800; William Allan, 1800, 1803; Lemuel Trescott, 1801, 
1804, and 1805 ; Jacob Lincoln, 1801 ; Samuel Tuttle, 1802 ; 
Jonathan M. Owen, 1802 ; Jacob Clark, 1802 ; John C. 
Todd, 1803, 1804, 1805, and 1810; L. F. Delesdernier, 1806; 
Josiah Dana, 1806 ; Aaron Hayden, 1807 ; Rufus Hallowell, 
1807 ; Jonathan D. Weston, 1807 and 1808 ; Samuel Wheeler, 
1808; Joseph Clark, Jr., 1808; Thomas Burnham, 1808; 
Thomas Rice, 1810; Jerry Burgin, 1810. 

At the election of April 3, i8ii, the town having become 
entitled to two representatives, Lewis Frederic Delesdernier, 
Esq., was chosen as colleague to Colonel Shead. When the 
Revolutionary War broke out, a considerable body of people 
in Cumberland County, at the head of the Bay of Fundy, in 
Nova Scotia, were in sympathy with the American cause. 
An expedition was organized to attempt the capture of Fort 
Cumberland, which was garrisoned by British troops ; but 
it failed most disastrously, and those concerned in it were 
obliged to make their escape as best they could. Among 
the number was a young man by the name of Lewis Freder- 
ick Delesdernier, whose parents, natives of Geneva in Switz- 
erland, had emigrated to Nova Scotia a few years before his 
birth, in 175 1. After the defeat, he with others made his 
way over to the North Shore, then along to the St. John 
River, and, under the guidance of the Indians, up and 
across the wilderness to Machias, where he found Colonel 
John Allan, who had come from the same neighborhood, 
in command of the American forces and superintendent of 
the Indians in the Eastern department. By a commission 
dated May iS, 1777, Colonel Allan made young Delesdernier 
his secretary, with the rank of lieutenant in the Continental 



236 EASTPORT AND P ASSAM AQUODDY 

Army. While in this service, he was decoyed on board a 
British armed vessel, which had come into the vicinity dis- 
guised as a trader, sent to Halifax, and held as a prisoner of 
war until he was exchanged. 

His connection with Albert Gallatin, who afterward be- 
came a distinguished American statesman and financier, is 
worthy of being related. Gallatin, who came of a prominent 
Swiss family, was born at Geneva in 1761, and graduated at 
the university of that city in 1779. His friends desired him 
to accept a position and remain near home ; but he was 
determined to come to America, and take part in our strug- 
gle for liberty. His friend, Henri Serre, accompanied him ; 
and they landed at Cape Ann July 14, 1780. They had 
letters of introduction from Benjamin Franklin to his son-in- 
law, Richard Bache, Postmaster-General at Philadelphia, and 
Lady Julianne Penn also wrote John Penn, Esq., of the same 
city ; but, after riding on horseback from Gloucester to Bos- 
ton, they took refuge at a French coffee-house in Fore (now 
North) Street, kept by one Tahon, and here they met a 
Genevese woman, and glad, in their homesick condition, to 
find one who could talk their language, they were quite ready 
to make new plans and go among her friends. The story is 
best told in letters written by them to another friend, Isare 
Badollet, theological student, who remained at Geneva. 
These are published in the original French in Adams's Life 
of Gallatin ; and from them the following free translation has 
been made : — 

Machias, 27 Sept., 1780. 
I am oroino- to tell in detail the state of our affairs. In the 

o o 

house where we lived in Boston we met a woman who had mar- 
ried a man from Geneva, named Lesdernier of Russin, and of 
whom I believe I have told you a few words in one of my preced- 
ing letters. It was thirty years since he came to establish himself 
in Nova Scotia. You know that this province and Canada are 



POLITICAL HISTORY 237 

the only ones that remain under the British yoke. A portion of the 
inhabitants of the former attempted to revolt two or three years 
ago, but not having been sustained they were obliged to fiee to 
New England, and among them was one of the sons of De Lesder- 
nier. He came to this place, where he was made lieutenant. He 
was afterward taken prisoner and carried to Halifax, the capital 
of Nova Scotia. His father went to see him in prison, and made 
him more comfortable until he should be exchanged. He suffered 
much that was disagreeable from his friends, who reprimanded 
him with having a son among the rebels. He had afterward a 
portion of his property taken by the Americans while he was 
trying to transport it by sea from one place to another where he 
was going to establish himself. The hope of recovering them if 
he came to Boston, together with the memory of the affair of his 
son, led him to leave Nova Scotia with another of his sons (three 
others being in the service of the King of England) and his wife. 
When he came to Boston, not having been able to recover any- 
thing, he had gone to Baltimore in Maryland, to see if he could 
find anything to do there, and on the arrival of the French fleet 
in Rhode Island he went there and took a priest {Capiicin) to 
serve as a missionary among the Indians in this place, for they 
are partly French and all Catholics. At the same time, finding it 
difficult to dispose of our tea, and seeing the obstacles to com- 
merce on the Pennsylvania coast, we exchanged it for the mer- 
chandise of the islands,* and decided to come here and buy fish 
and make trade with the Indians for furs. Machias is the last 
place on the north-east of New England, about one hundred 
leagues from Boston, in the District of Maine, which belongs to 
the State of Massachusetts Bay. It is only fifteen years since 
they have founded a settlement, which is very poor because of the 
war, and which consists of only one hundred fifty families spread 
over a space of three to four leagues. We are in the principal 
settlement, where there is a fort. Colonel Allan commandant of 
the place and superintendent of all the Indians who are between 
Canada, Nova Scotia and New England and all the officers. Les- 
dernier, the son, with whom we live, is a very fine fellow. We 
shall pass the winter here and probably take some of the land 

* Produce of the West India Islands, rum, sugar, tobacco, etc. 



238 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

next spring ; not here, but a little farther to the north or south, 
where it is better. 

They seem to have enjoyed themselves at Machias. Serre 
writes : — 

My dear Friend BadoUet^ — We are here in a country which I 
think you would hke. We live in the midst of the forest, upon the 
border of a river. We can hunt, fish, or bathe, and go on skates 
(?) when we please. At present, we roast ducks before a good fire ; 
and, what is better, we cut the wood in the forest ourselves. You 
know how we amuse ourselves at Geneva in sailing a boat. Well, 
I amuse myself better here navigating the canoes of the Indians. 
They are constructed of birch bark, and are charming to go with 
one or two inside. One can lie down in them as in a bed, and can 
paddle at his ease. There is not a little stream which has not 
water enough for one of these pretty craft. Once I descended a 
very slight little river. The weather was superb. I saw mead- 
ows at two feet from me. I was reclining in the canoe upon a 
blanket. There was so little water that I seemed to glide along 
upon the reeds and grass. I do joiners' work, — carpenter work. 
I draw, I play the violin. There is no deviltry {diablerie) that I 
do not amuse myself with. Remember, with all, that we are here 
in company with five Genevans, male and female. It is true that 
three of them were born in America, but they have none the less 
preserved the republican blood of their ancestors ; and M. Lesder- 
nier, the son, born in this continent of a Genevese father, is the 
one of all the Americans that I have seen the most zealous and 
full of enthusiasm for the liberty of his country. 

And in another letter : — 

I hope you will come next summer to aid me in paddling in an 
Indian canoe. We will go up the river St. John and the St. Law- 
rence, and visit Canada. 

Writing to a friend many years after, in 1846, Gallatin 
said he twice went to Passamaquoddy as a volunteer under 
Colonel Allan; and the first time, in November, 1780, he 



POLITICAL HISTORY 239 

was for a few days left in command of some militia volun- 
teers and Indians, and of a small temporary work defended 
by one cannon, which was afterward abandoned. In those 
early days, when but little land had been laid down to grass, 
ofreat store was set on the natural meadows ; and Mr. Deles- 
dernier told the late I. R. Chadbourne that Mr. Gallatin 
helped him cut hay on Frost's meadow, on the borders of 
Boyden Lake. 

The next year, the two young Swiss returned to Boston ; 
and Gallatin found employment in teaching French at Har- 
vard College. Shortly after, he went to Virginia, where he 
made some purchases of land. Then, removing to Pennsyl- 
vania, he became a member of the convention to revise the 
constitution of the State. In 1793, he was chosen United 
States senator, but declared not eligible, as sufficient time 
had not expired since he took the oath of allegiance, in 1785. 
In i8oi, President Jefferson appointed him Secretary of the 
Treasury, which office he held until 18 13. In 18 13 he was 
one of the United States commissioners to negotiate the 
treaty of peace at Ghent, in 1815 minister to France, and 
minister to Great Britain in 1826. He lived a retired life in 
his later years, and died in 1849. 

After the close of the Revolution, Mr. Delesdernier moved 
to Passamaquoddy. He was the successor of Samuel Tuttle, 
the first collector of excise under the laws of Massachusetts, 
and at that time lived on the small island known in the 
boundary disputes as Frederic Island. Afterward, Solomon 
Rice kept store there, and it got the name of Rice's Island. 
When the United States revenue system was established, 
Lewis Frederic Delesdernier was appointed, on 3d of August, 
1789, first collector of the district of Passamaquoddy. In 
1795, the first post-office was established in this section ; and 
he was appointed postmaster. Mails came along once a 
fortnight, brought by a man on foot. He then lived at 



240 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Flagg's Point in the Narrows, on the shore of a wilderness, 
with only one other house near at hand; and, as he was col- 
lector and postmaster for the entire region, it is apparent 
that business was not brisk. The post-office was abolished 
in 1805, there having been one established on Moose Island. 
In Lederney's Point, near his old residence, his name is pre- 
served, though afterward it came to be pronounced accord- 
ing to the English spelling, and sometimes only the first two 
syllables were used. 

When business began to develop on Moose Island, he 
moved over, and set up his office on the shore below Shack- 
ford's Cove ; and the way leading to it still retains the name 
of Custom House Street. The passage of the Embargo Act 
in 1807, by which exportation of merchandise to Great Brit- 
ain and its dependencies was prohibited by law, and the 
enormous temptations for its violation on the frontier, placed 
the collector in a most trying position, as he with the forces 
under his control was expected to prevent it. And it is not at 
all surprising that the affairs of his office got into a state of 
great confusion ; and, although the head of the Treasury 
Department was his old friend Gallatin, who would be dis- 
posed to favor him if possible, it was found necessary to 
make a change in the office, and Major Lemuel Trescott, 
the collector of Machias, was appointed in his place in 181 1. 
At a later date, his accounts were satisfactorily arranged 
with the department. The same year he was chosen rep- 
resentative to the General Court as colleague to Colonel 
Shead, and in 18 12 was again elected with Mr. Leland. For 
his services in the Revolution he received, by vote of Con- 
gress, a liberal grant of land in Ohio. He died at or near 
Calais in 183 1. His son. Honorable William Delesdernier, 
at one time an Eastport merchant, was an energetic Demo- 
cratic politician, high sheriff of Washington County, repre- 
sented the Baileyville class in the State legislature, and at 



POLITICAL HISTORY 241 

the time of his decease, which took place when the legislature 
was in session, was senator from the district which included 
the northern townships of Washington County and the whole 
of the then sparsely settled county of Aroostook. Mrs. 
Emily Pierpont Delesdernier, daughter of the old collector, 
was author of several works of fiction. A grandson, Lewis 
Frederick Delesdernier, now of Houston, Texas, served in 
the Confederate navy during the War of the Rebellion ; and 
another grandson, who was in the Southern army, died of 
wounds received at the battle of Manassas. 

The third representative chosen from Eastport was Hon- 
orable Sherman Leland, who was elected May 4, 18 12, as 
colleague of Mr. Delesdernier. He was son of Eleazer and 
Elizabeth (Sherman) Leland, born in Grafton, Mass., March 
29, 1783. While and after teaching, he studied law in sev- 
eral offices, the last of which was that of Honorable Edward 
Bangs of Worcester, Mass., where he was admitted to the 
bar in December, 1809. He came to Eastport immediately 
after, and commenced the practice of his profession about 
Jan. I, 1810, and, though an entire stranger, soon obtained 
a fair share of business. His office stood near the foot of 
Washington Street. He also began to take an interest in 
public matters soon after arrival. In Jul}^, 18 10, was chosen 
ensign in the militia, and in February, 181 1, promoted to 
lieutenant. In October of the same year, he received from 
the governor of the State the appointment of county attor- 
ney for Washington County. In 18 12, he was elected select- 
man and representative to the legislature. After the break- 
ing out of the war, he was in December, 18 12, made first 
lieutenant in the corps of volunteer troops raised by the 
government to serve on the eastern frontier, and April 12, 
18 13, was appointed captain in the Thirty-fourth Regiment 
of the United States army, stationed at Eastport and Rob- 
binston, until in June, 18 14, he resigned, and returned to the 



242 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

practice of his profession. Soon after the capture of the 
island, he left this part of the country, and settled in Rox- 
bury, Mass., which town he represented in the General Court 
in 1818, 1819, 1820, 182 1, and 1825, and when the separa- 
tion of the State of Maine was being arranged was a mem- 
ber of the committee which had the matter in charge. In 
1820, he was chosen delegate to the convention for the revi- 
sion of the constitution of Massachusetts. In 1823, 1824, 
1828, and 1829 he was a senator from Norfolk County, and 
in 1828 president of the State Senate. In 1826, Harvard 
College conferred upon him the honorary degree of Master 
of Arts. He was appointed Judge of Probate for Norfolk 
County in 1830, and continued to hold that office until his 
decease, Nov. 19, 1853. His eldest son, Edwin Sherm5,n 
Leland, born at Dennysville in 1812, has for many years 
been a practising lawyer at Ottawa, La Salle County, 111. ; 
and William Sherman Leland, grandson of Judge Leland, 
and a graduate of Harvard College, is a lawyer in Boston. 
Representative Leland was allowed for four hundred and 
two miles travel from Eastport to Boston, the distance by 
post road having been reduced to that length from four hun- 
dred and fifty miles on Colonel Shead's first trip. 

The disagreements between the two governments, which 
had been the cause of the various acts of embargo and non- 
intercourse, finally culminated in the declaration by Congress 
on the i8th of June, 18 12, that war existed between Great 
Britain and the United States. When the news reached 
Eastport several days later, there was much excitement and 
confusion. A number of the citizens took immediate steps to 
move their families and goods to less exposed places, and 
many went away. " The inhabitants on both sides of the 
boundary line, feeling that the injuries which they could in- 
flict on one another would only imbitter their own lives 
without helping either government, and bound together by 



POLITICAL HISTORY 245 

ties of business, consanguinity, and friendship, determined to 
mutually discourage predatory excursions, and to live on as 
amicable terms as the state of affairs would allow. To a 
very considerable extent, this resolution was adhered to- 
throughout the conflict." 

At the election. May 3, 1813, it was voted to send one rep- 
resentative ; and Jonathan Delesdernier Weston, Esq., was 
chosen. He was son of Jonathan and Lucy (Parker) 
Weston, born at Reading, Mass., April 30, 1782. He grad- 
uated from Harvard College in 1802. Soon after, he began 
the practice of law at Columbia in this county, but at the 
end of a few months removed to Eastport, where he entered 
the office of Daniel Putnam Upton, Esq. Evidently, lawyers 
were then considered valuable additions to the community, to 
be allowed the privileges of citizenship without waiting for 
the expiration of the legal term of residence. The town 
records show that on the 3d of November, 1800, it was 
voted that "Daniel P. Upton should become and be consid- 
ered a citizen of Eastport," and on the 24th of October, 
1803, " Mr. Jonathan D. Weston was voted an inhabitant of 
this town " ; and I do not find that new-comers of any other 
class or profession were ever favored in a similar way. Mr. 
Weston began immediately to take an interest in town affairs, 
which continued through the remainder of his life. He was 
early chosen town clerk, in 1805, 1806, and 1807, and again 
in his last years, 1832, 1833, and 1834, and served as select- 
man and moderator, besides filling other town offices, and 
was also appointed county attorney for Washington County. 
When, after the treaty of Ghent, the Holmes Barclay com- 
mission was organized in 1816 to settle the disputed nation- 
ality of the Passamaquoddy islands and Grand Manan, Hon. 
James T. Austin, of Boston, represented the United States 
as agent and advocate ; and Mr. Weston, who was selected 
as his assistant, did a good deal of work in collecting evi- 



244 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

dence and making up the American side of the case. In 
1820, Bowdoin College conferred upon him the honorary- 
degree of Master of Arts ; and he was an early member of 
the Maine Historical Society. For a number of years he 
was deputy collector of customs, and while the collector's 
office was at Lubec a large share of the customs business 
of the district of Passamaquoddy was done by him in the 
little hip-roofed building opposite the foot of Washington 
Street. 

By education and experience, Mr. Weston was well quali- 
fied to write the history of Eastport to his own time ; and, 
after the organization of the Eastport Lyceum, he was called 
upon to deliver a lecture on that subject. He was in failing 
health at the time ; but the lecture which he prepared was 
read on two evenings of April, 1834, by his son, William 
Nelson Weston, himself a lawyer and a graduate of Bowdoin 
College, who died four years later in Florida, where he had 
gone for the benefit of his health. The lecture was after- 
ward published in a neat pamphlet of sixty-one pages, by 
Marsh, Capen & Lyon of Boston, and is reprinted in the 
first chapter of this volume. Mr. Weston died on the third 
day of October, 1834, in the house which he built in 1810, 
and which is still standing at the corner of Boynton and 
Middle Streets, bearing his name and owned by his descend- 
ants. 

At the election May 5, 1814, it was voted "not to send a 
representative to the General Court for the year ensuing." 
Perhaps no one whom the town would be likely to select 
cared to go. Under the conditions of the time, the journey 
between Eastport and Boston was by no means a desirable 
one to take, even though the Commonwealth paid the ex- 
penses. On the land route, for only a small portion of the 
way were there regular means of conveyance. The roads 
east of the Penobscot ran mostly through the forest, were 



POLITICAL HISTORY 245 

bad almost beyond description, and could only be traversed 
on foot or horseback ; and British cruisers had driven about 
all sailing craft from the coast, except open boats, which 
hugged the shore by day and made harbor at night. 

Two months later, when steps had already been taken 
toward negotiating peace between the combatants, suddenly 
and unexpectedly on the nth of July, 1814, a British fleet 
appeared in the harbor, with transports having on board a 
large body of troops ; and the island was captured, and its 
inhabitants put under the rule of martial law. This foreign 
rule continued for four years, until on the 30th of June, 
1818, the British troops departed, and the place returned to 
its natural allegiance. During the years of subjection, by 
permission of the captors, the local affairs of the town were 
managed under the old forms of town government; but no 
State elections were held, nor was there any representation 
in the General Court. As far as the State and national gov- 
ernments were concerned, the island might as well have 
been foreign territory ; yet it was called upon for its' propor- 
tion of the State taxes, and at one town meeting General 
John Cooper, the high sheriff of the county, appeared with 
a warrant to enforce its payment. At a meeting held Dec. 
19, 1817, it was 

Voted, That the committee appointed to collect facts respecdng 
taxes collected since the capture of the island be authorized to 
draft a petition for the inhabitants of Eastport to the Legislature 
of Massachusetts, for the remission of these taxes since the capt- 
ure of the island, and also forward it to the Legislature through 
such channel as they may think proper. 

It appears from the Massachusetts legislative records that 
a committee, of which their old friend Sherman Leland, of 
Roxbury, was chairman, reported a bill, which passed Jan. 
23, 1819, remitting the State taxes assessed upon Eastport 



b 



246 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

for the years 1815, 1816, 1817, and 1818, except eighty-six 
dollars of the tax of 18 15 for the sum paid their representa- 
tive for the year 18 13. It will be remembered that the State 
collected of the towns the per diein allowance paid their 
representatives to the General Court, if they chose to send 
such. So this is what Mr. Weston got besides his mileage. 

The attempt on the part of the British authorities to 
enforce the payment of certain bonds given to the United 
States for duties on imports, which were found in the custom- 
house at the time of the capture of Eastport, compelled the 
signers, who were the principal merchants of the town, to 
make sudden flight. They went over to Lubec Narrows 
(Flagg's Point), where there were but two houses on the 
shore edge of the woods, and there started a new town, built 
wharves, stores, and dwellings, established a large com- 
merce ; and when at length Eastport was relieved of her 
foreign masters, and ready to go to work again, she found 
a sturdy, well-equipped rival waiting to compete with her for 
the trade of the frontier. 

At this point closes another and the most romantic chap- 
ter of the history of the town, the story of which, as graph- 
ically related in Mr. Sabine's valuable papers, appears in the 
preceding chapters of this volume. Between the time of the 
separation of Lubec and the re-establishment of the Ameri- 
can jurisdiction after the capture, the following citizens 
served the town in their several capacities ; and at times, 
with military rule and foreign masters, their positions must 
have been very trying : — 

Moderators: John Burgin, 1811, 1812, 1813, 1815, 1816, 
and 1817; Jonathan D. Weston, 1814; Daniel Garland, 
1818. 

Town clerks: Thomas Burnham, 181 1 and 1812 ; John 
Barstow, 1813, 1814, 1815, and 1816; John Swett, 1817 and 
1818. 



POLITICAL HISTORY 247 

Treasurers: John Burgin, 1811 ; Jerry Burgin, 1812, 1813, 
and 1814; Jonathan D. Weston, 1815 ; Stephen Jones, i8i6, 
1817, and 1818. 

Selectmen: Thomas Burnham, 181 1; John B. Green, 
1811; Jerry Burgin, 1811; Sherman Leland, 1812; John C. 
Todd, 1813 and 1817 ; John N. Peave}', 1812; John Burgin, 
1813, 1814, 1815, and 1817; Aaron Hayden, 1813; Jonathan 
D. Weston, 1813, 1814, and 1815; Solomon Rice, 1814; 
John Swett, 1815 and 1816; Stephen Jones, 1816; George 
Hobbs, 1816; Ezekiel Prince, 1817; Abel Stevens, 1818; 
Ezra T. Bucknam, 18 18; Ethel Olmstead, 18 18. 

When, on the first day of July, 18 18, the citizens of East- 
port gathered under the booth of canvas and evergreens 
which had been set up at the corner of Boynton and what 
is now Kilby Streets, on the vacant lot then owned by 
George Norton, and on part of which Daniel Kilby after- 
ward built his house * and planted his elm-trees, they had 
great and unusual cause for rejoicing. The foreign military 
forces, which for four years had ruled them, had the day be- 
fore yielded up their power, and gone back to their own 
country ; and the American flags which were flying all about 
symbolized the return and renewal of the rightful authority. 
Brigadier-general James Miller, hero of Lundy's Lane, the 
special representative of the United States, and Colonel 
Henry Sargent, appointed by the Governor of Massachu- 
setts to receive the surrender of the island, were the hon- 
ored guests of the occasion ; and the report which has come 
down to us shows that the most hearty expressions of patri- 
otic sentiments were not wanting in the festivities of the oc- 
casion. Men are still living who have not forgotten the 
emotions of boyish ecstasy with which on that 30th of June 
they saw the red cross of England come down from the flag- 
staff at Fort Sullivan, and the stars and stripes go up and 

* The Kilby house, now owned and occupied by Mrs. Ann Mabee. 



2 48 



EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 



float out on the breeze ; and their seniors were not much 
behind them in manifestations of satisfaction and delight. 
This was indeed a turning point in the history of the 
town. The foreign yoke was lifted off, and back of that was 
the period when adventurers crowded the place ; and, in the 




■om 

•TTOVfe- 



wild rush for gain by methods not always lawful, good insti- 
tutions were neglected and good morals suffered. But now 
a new spirit moved the community. Former residents came 
back. Several of the leading merchants who had been 
active and influential in building up Lubec returned to the 
island ; and the arrival of numbers of capable and intelli- 
gent young business and professional men from Western 



POLITICAL HISTORY 249 

Maine and Massachusetts helped to give a decided improve- 
ment to the tone and character of the community. To the 
credit of the emancipated town, it is observed that the first 
thought seemed to be to supply the needed places of public 
worship ; for three were got under way immediately. In- 
deed, the subscription for the First Congregational (Unita- 
rian) Meeting-house was started before the British left the 
island. Its erection was begun Nov. 23, 1818; and it was 
dedicated Jan. 13, 1820. The Free-will Baptist, though 
begun later, was dedicated Dec. 4, 18 19, and the Calvinist 
Baptist Nov. 12, 1820. In August, 1818, was issued the 
first number of the venerable Sentinel,- which still keeps 
vigilant outlook on the border, and which has but pne or 
two seniors in the State. The proprietor also opened a 
bookstore ; and, soon after, steps were taken to establish 
a social library, which grew and expanded into the Eastport 
Athenaeum, the valuable collection of books which was un- 
fortunately destroyed in the fire of " '64." Two military 
companies, the Eastport Light Infantry and Eastport Wash- 
ington Artillery, were reorganized. The fire department was 
improved by private subscription, and a set of by-laws 
adopted by the town. A ferry was established to Lubec, 
and lines of packets to Boston, St. John, and other places ; 
and in one year, when such a sum counted for a good deal 
more than it would in these days, over $60,000 was ex- 
pended in building stores, wharves, and dwelling-houses. 
There was a movement for establishing a bank, another for 
building a bridge to the mainland at Perry; and a generous 
spirit of enterprise characterized the awakened community. 
The State of Maine was also about setting up for her- 
self. It had all along been seen that the district of Maine, 
separated as it was territorially from the mother State of 
Massachusetts, must eventually have a government of its 
own, and it was only a question of time as to when this 



250 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

would take place ; but several attempts to bring about the 
separation failed for want of indorsement by the people of 
Maine. In 1807, Eastport voted thirteeen for and sixty 
against separation. In 18 16, another attempt failed for want 
of a few hundred votes. In this, Eastport could take no 
part, being under foreign rule. On May 3, 18 19, it was 
voted in town meeting " that it is the opinion of this town 
that the District of Maine should be separated from Massa- 
chusetts proper, and that a committee be chosen to prepare, 
subscribe, and forward a petition to the Legislature for that 
purpose ; and the following gentlemen were chosen : Jona- 
than Bartlett, Esq., I. R. Chadbourne, Esq., and Mr. E. T. 
Bucknam." The enabling act was passed, and accepted by 
a large majority of the voters of Maine, 17,091 to 7,132. 
The vote of Eastport, July 6, 18 19, was one hundred and 
forty-seven for to five against separation ; and, September 
20, Honorable John Burgin and Jonathan Bartlett, Esq., 
were chosen delegates to the convention to form a constitu- 
tion for the new State, and the constitution was adopted 
with but little opposition, the vote of Eastport, Dec. 6, 1819, 
being thirty-eight in favor to two opposed. Unexpected ob- 
stacles arose in Congress to the admission of the State, on 
account of the slavery issue in connection with the admission 
of Missouri, also applying at the same time ; but this was 
finally arranged by the famous Missouri Compromise, and 
on the 15th of March, 1820, Maine became an independent 
State. 

Before final dissolution of political connection with the 
old Bay State, Eastport had still a last opportunity of being 
represented at the General Court ; and on the 19th of May, 
18 19, it was voted to send two members, who were chosen at 
that time. One of these, the town's fifth representative, was 
Jonathan Bartlett, Esq., son of Jonathan and Lydia (Ellis) 
Bartlett, born at Plymouth, Mass., Nov. 22, 1787. The 



POLITICAL HISTORY 25 I 

father, who was lost at sea about March 20 of the same year, 
eight months before the birth of the son, was of an old 
Plymouth family, his ancestor, Robert Bartlett, having come 
over in the "Ann" in 1623, and married Mary, daughter of 
Richard Warren, who came in the "Mayflower." Jonathan 
Bartlett was one of the ablest business men that Eastport 
has had. He came here in 1808, and during the next quar- 
ter of a century was concerned in the most important enter- 
prises that were undertaken. In iSio, he became junior 
partner in the firm of Dana, Wheeler & Bartlett, and two 
years later, dissolving his connection, established business 
by himself. He was one of the founders of the business 
village of Lubec, and, as has been seen, represented East- 
port in the Maine Constitutional Convention, and in the 
General Court of Massachusetts; also, in 1823, was chosen 
representative to the Maine legislature. Among the enter- 
prises in which he was actively engaged may be mentioned 
the building of the bridge at Tuttle's Ferry, the erection of 
Union Wharf and stores, and the establishment of the Passa- 
maquoddy Bank and an insurance company. He was an 
extensive owner of shipping, and the pioneer of steamboat 
navigation on the Eastern coast and about our bay. The 
"New York," "Patent," "Eagle," "Tom Thumb," and "La 
Fayette," which he introduced into these waters, would make 
a curious spectacle for the steamboat men of these latter 
days. He had carried on a large foreign trade, and was 
a considerable importer of salt. Thinking this could be 
profitably manufactured here, he commenced experiments in 
1825, and afterward visited England, where he employed 
men skilled in the manufacture, and made arrangements for 
the shipment of mineral by ships coming out to the neighbor- 
ing provincial ports for timber cargoes and willing to accept 
low rates of freight. In connection with General Ezekiel 
Foster, he erected large works at Prince's Cove, where the 



252 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

mineral was dissolved in great cisterns and then evaporated 
in broad pans heated by fires of spruce wood. The mineral 
coming in free and the manufactured salt being protected by 
a considerable duty, the business was profitable ; and, at one 
time, the works turned out a thousand bushels a day, and 
the cove was a busy place. A mill was also put up at 
Pennamaquan for manufacturing the finer qualities of table 
saltj and, afterward, extensive iron works were established 
there, when the town of Pembroke, hitherto a part of Dennys- 
ville, was incorporated. A change in the tariff policy of the 
government and a great reduction in the duty on salt left the 
business in a condition where it could not compete with for- 
eign importation, and it had to be abandoned. Mr. Bartlett 
afterward moved to Ohio, where he was also engaged in 
the manufacture of salt, and died at Cincinnati, Nov. 7, 
1849, i" ^^^ sixty-second year of his age. 

The other representative chosen in 18 19, at the same time 
with Mr. Bartlett, and the sixth in order, was Honorable 
John Burgin, son of Edward Hall Burgin. He was born at 
New Market, N.H., Oct. 4, 1765, and came to Moose Island 
several years before the incorporation of the town, in 1798. 
He was one of the committee selected at the meeting of 
Plantation No. 8 to petition for an act of incorporation, and 
was appointed to warn the inhabitants to appear at the first 
town meeting. Judge Burgin was on the first board of 
selectmen, was the first magistrate appointed on the island ; 
and, of all the early settlers, no one served so long in public 
life as he. He was chosen moderator at the annual town 
meeting thirteen times, and served sixteen years on the board 
of selectmen. He first carried on business in connection 
with George Nutter, of Portsmouth, N.H., and afterward 
with his brother Joseph. His wharf and store were at the 
place where John French afterward carried on business, 
which is now occu^Died by the fish establishment of E. A. 



POLITICAL HISTORY 253 

Holmes ; and the stately hip-roof mansion which he built 
eighty years ago, and surrounded by rows of Lombardy pop- 
lars, was modernized by later occupants, and destroyed in 
the last great fire. In 1811, he was appointed judge of the 
Court of Common Pleas, and was Colonel Shead's successor 
as postmaster after the death of the latter in 18 13, and held 
the office until the accession of President Jackson, in 1829. 
He remained in town during the British occupancy, secured 
the confidence of their commander, and was thus enabled 
by friendly interposition to do much to mitigate the harsh- 
ness of military rule, and was the leading representative of 
the inhabitants in the complimentary correspondence which 
was exchanged when they went away. He was chosen dele- 
gate to the convention for forming a constitution for the 
State of Maine, and, besides representing the town in the 
General Court of Massachusetts in the last year of the con- 
nection, also served afterward three years in the same 
capacity in the legislature of Maine. His last term of impor- 
tant public service was in 1830, when he was chosen by the 
legislature a member of Governor Huntoon's executive 
council. He died at Eastport, Feb. 20, 1846, in the eighty- 
first year of his age. 

In Mr. Bartlett's and Judge Burgin's day, Eastport had 
got somewhat nearer to Boston ; and they were allowed but 
three hundred and fifty-three miles travel, instead of four 
hundred and two miles to Judge Leland and four hundred 
and fifty miles to Colonel Shead. 

By the census of 1820, Eastport had a population of 1,937, 
and Lubec 1,430; and it will be remembered that in 1810, 
before the latter had been set off, the joint population was 

In the first apportionment under the constitution of Maine, 
one representative was assigned to Eastport ; and there has 
been no change in this respect to the present time. In 1820, 



254 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Judge Burgin was elected again; and September, 1821, 
Wooster Tuttle, Esq., was chosen the seventh representative. 
He was a native of the State of Vermont, where he was born 
in 1779. He was for several years engaged in successful 
business enterprises at Eastport, and interested in naviga- 
tion ; and one brig built for him at Robbinston was named 
for his native State. He was never married, and at his 
decease, which took place May 16, 1840, was possessed of 
considerable real and personal estate. He was also re- 
elected in 1822. The next year Jonathan Bartlett again 
represented the town, and in 1824 Judge Burgin was sent 
once more. In 1825, Honorable Timothy Pilsbury was 
chosen the eighth representative. He was born in Newbury- 
port, Mass., April 12, 1789; and his mother was a daughter 
of Deacon Wingate, of Saco. After being clerk in a store, 
he w^ent to sea before the mast, and then as supercargo and 
master, and in 18 16 came to Eastport and entered into a 
business co-partnership with his brother-in-law, Leonard 
Pierce. He soon began to develop political aspirations and 
ability, was chosen representative in 1825, and again in 1826. 
Failing of re-election in 1827, when the legislature came to- 
gether the following January, he was chosen a member of 
Governor Lincoln's executive council. He afterward went 
to sea again, and returning was in 1835 ^^ unsuccessful can- 
didate for representative against Frederic Hobbs, and at the 
session of 1836 was chosen a member of Governor Dunlap's 
executive council. The same year, he secured the Demo- 
cratic nomination for representative to Congress from the 
Hancock and Washington district ; but an energetic section 
of bolters nominated Judge Anson G. Chandler of Calais, 
and, after several unsuccessful trials (a majority of all the 
votes cast being then required for a choice). Honorable 
Joseph C. Noyes, the Whig candidate, was elected. Mr. 
Pilsbury then went to Ohio and on to New Orleans, and 



POLITICAL HISTORY 255 

finally settled in Texas, which had recently become an inde- 
pendent republic. In 1840 or 1841 he was elected to the 
legislature from Brazoria County, and at next session was 
chosen senator, resigned, and was appointed Judge of Pro- 
bate, was again chosen senator, was active in bringing about 
the annexation of Texas to the United States, was elected 
the first representative from that State to Congress in 1846, 
and re-elected the next term. He died at New Danville, 
Rusk County, Texas, Nov. 23, 1858. His son Albert was 
a lawyer by profession, clerk of the courts for Washington 
County, a member of Governor Crosby's executive council 
in 1853, and the Democratic candidate for governor of 
Maine the same year, though failing of election. Another 
son, Edward, was mayor of New Orleans; and a grandson, 
Charles A. Pilsbury, is the present able and efficient editor 
of the Belfast Republican Journal. 

Thus far nothing has been said about the political affilia- 
tions of the different representatives sent from Eastport. 
Nearly or quite all of the earlier ones must have been mem- 
bers of the Republican or Democratic party. After the 
peace of 18 15, political animosities began to subside. Then 
came on what President Monroe called the " era of good 
feeling," and at the presidential election of 1820 he was 
chosen for his second term by a nearly unanimous vote. 
But such a condition of affairs could not be expected to con- 
tinue long ; and so many candidates were in the field for the 
succession in 1824 that there was no choice by the people, 
and John Quincy Adams was elected President of the United 
States by the House of Representatives. With this came 
a new division of parties ; and General Jackson, who at 
the recent election had received the larger electoral vote, 
though not the requisite majorit}', became the favorite leader 
of a powerful and vigorous movement against the administra- 
tion of President Adams, which at the next election defeated 



256 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

him, and placed General Jackson in the presidential chair. 
The rival parties called themselves the National Republican 
and the Democratic Republican, but were commonly known 
as Adamsites and Jacksonites. Mr. Pilsbury was an ear- 
nest supporter of General Jackson, but his successor be- 
longed to the opposite party. 

At the State election in 1827, Daniel Kilby, Esq., was 
chosen the ninth representative, and was the first Eastern 
born man elected. He was son of William and Mary 
(Wilder) Kilby, and born in Perry,* Me., May 27, 1791. 
The father was one of the early Hingham emigration to 
Dennys River, and was married at Pennamaquan. The 
family lived two or three years in Perry, and the son was 
born at East Bay. Returning to Dennysville, the father 
carried on his trade of blacksmith, became the first post- 
master and the first deacon of the Congregational church, 
and lived there the remainder of his life. The son worked at 
his father's trade, going into the lumber woods in winter, 
and got his first mercantile experience in the store of 
Deacon Aaron Hayden at Eastport, where he was employed 
when late in July, 18 12, came the startling tidings of declara- 
tion of war with Great Britain. Then, anticipating that sup- 
plies might soon be cut off, everybody on both sides of the 
line who could raise funds hastened to town to replenish 
his stores, and the clerks were overworked in handing out 
goods and taking in money, until stocks were greatly re- 
duced, and, many families leaving town, business became 
dull ; and, no longer needed, the young man went back to 
Dennysville. In 18 13, he was chosen ensign of the local 
militia company of which his uncle, Ebenezer C. Wilder, was 
captain. But though it was war time, and close to the fron- 
tier, his only service seems to have been for a month or 

* I use the present town names. Then Perry was Plantation No. i and Dennys- 
ville No. 2. 



POLITICAL HISTORY 257 

more with a detachment on guard at Cobscook Falls. When, 
in the midst of the war, the 4th of July, 18 14 approached, 
the young men at Dennys River determined not to let Inde- 
pendence Day pass without proper observance ; and, as there 
was no piece of artillery in the neighborhood of sufficient 
calibre to make the requisite volume of noise, Daniel Kilby 
was despatched to Eastport, and brought back a swivel which 
he had borrowed, and with it they made the hills reverberate 
around the little hamlet, and had a glorious time. The 
small cannon had to be returned, and, with another young 
man, he started off on the morning of July 11 to take it 
back ; but the wind failed them, the tide was a little late, 
and they were obliged to land at Birch Point and leave their 
boat on the beach, while they decided to go along on foot, 
to return and take the swivel down next ebb tide. Walking 
to Tuttle's Ferry, they were put across to Moose Island, and 
then continued on to town. Here they found everybody in 
a great state of excitement ; for a fleet of British ships-of- 
war was lying abreast of the wharves, and an officer bearing 
a flag of truce had landed and gone up to Fort Sullivan to 
demand the surrender of the garrison and the town. The 
story of the occupation by the British is told elsewhere, but 
the young men saw it all, and then started for home ; but, 
nearing the ferry, they were stopped by some man-of-war's- 
men, who jumped out from among the trees, a sixteen-gun 
brig having been detached from the squadron and sent 
round the island to prevent any retreat by the ferry. A 
number of small crafts had already been captured by her 
boats, and people been arrested on the shore, some of whom 
seemed to think that their end had come. Our young men, 
after being sharply questioned by an officer, and having 
their boots pulled off and pockets and clothes searched, were 
allowed to cross the ferry and keep on homeward ; and the 
others who had been detained were also given their liberty. 



258 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

When, some months later, Deacon Hayden was obliged to 
leave the island in a hurry, because of the attempt to enforce 
the payment of the captured bonds, the former clerk was 
sent for to go into the store again. He afterward set up in 
business at Lubec, and, when the island was given up, came 
back to Eastport and entered the firm of his old employer, 
under the title of Hayden, Jones «S: Kilby and afterward 
Hayden & Kilby. The trade of the Indians was then of 
considerable importance, and their head-quarters were at 
Hayden & Kilby's. Sanops, squaws, and pappooses swarmed 
about the store ; and the dock below was filled with their 
light canoes. Later, Mr. Kilby established himself at Steam- 
boat Wharf, as it was called, the office of Jonathan Bartlett, 
the pioneer of Eastern steamer navigation, having been 
there. He was a considerable owner of vessels. His ships, 
the "Henry Clay" and "Ambassador" and bark " Hobart," 
were thought to be wonderfully large crafts in those days ; 
but many schooners are now built which exceed the biggest 
of them in tonnage and cost of construction. In 1849, ^^• 
Kilby was appointed collector of customs for the district of 
Passamaquoddy by President Taylor, and remained in office 
until the accession of President Pierce in 1853; and during 
his time a new custom-house was built. He died at East- 
port, Jan. 3, i860, in the sixty-ninth year of his age. 

The tenth representative was Benjamin Folsom, Esq., of 
the National Republican or anti-Jackson school of politics, 
chosen first in 1828 and re-elected three times, serving four 
years in all. He was son of Benjamin and Mary (Parker) 
Folsom, born at New Market, N.H., Sept. 3, 1790, about 
six months after the death of his father. He learned the 
printer's trade in the office of the Essex Register^ Salem, 
Mass. In 18 12 he established a Democratic paper at Wal- 
pole, N.H., and in 1813 became proprietor of the Newbury- 
port Herald. Immediately after the surrender of the island 



POLITICAL HISTORY 



259 



he established the Eastport Sentinel and Passamaquoddy 
Advei'tiser, the first number of which appeared in August, 
1 8 18; and it is to-day, 
with one or two excep- 
tions, the oldest news- 
paper in the State. 
He also set up a book- 
store and opened a 
public reading-room. 
At that time, when the 
mail arrived but two 
or three times a week, 
four days from Boston, 
and probably there was 
not a single daily paper 
taken in town, such an 
institution was a ^reat 




public benefit. The 
columns of the Senthtel 
show that the editor 
sometimes wrote with 
a sharp pen, and could 
give and take severe 
blows. He died at 
Eastport, July 9, 1833, 
in the forty-third year 
of his age. During his 
service, the seat of the 
State government was 
removed from Port- 

" SENTINEL" OFFICE. 

land to Augusta, where 

the fine granite State House had been built for its accom- 
modation. In the decade from 1820 to 1830, the town had 
made good progress, and the population had risen to 2,450. 



26o 



EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 



Two new churches had been built, and there was a large 
increase of stores and comfortable dwellings. A quaint 
structure of this period was the Bell Tavern, on High Street, 
at the top of Fort Hill. It had been a block-house, part 
of the defences of the hill in war time, and originally had 
a fiat roof caulked like a vessel's deck, with parapet for the 
protection of its garrison. After peace, a pitch roof was 
added, and it was transformed into a house of entertainment, 
the principal feature being the bar-room. Later it was occu- 
pied by private families, and finally taken down and removed. 
One of the best local institutions established in 182 1 is the 
Eastport Female Benevolent Society, which, from the outset, 
has commanded the interest and services of the best women 

in town, and still con- 
tinues its career of use- 
fulness. 

The trade of the 
town, and of Lubec as 
well, was largely with 
the neighboring British 
Provinces ; and this 
had to be carried on under peculiar conditions. Until a 
comparatively recent period, the theory of the British gov- 
ernment has seemed to be that the colonies existed mainly 
for the benefit of the mother country; and they were 
greatly restricted in their commercial privileges, and were 
not allowed to trade with other countries except in British 
bottoms. They were met by other nations on the same base. 
As the ports where gypsum or grindstones were produced 
were not open to American vessels, British vessels from 
those places could not enter at our custom-houses, so the 
plaster-laden schooner had to come to the frontier, and out 
on the lines transfer her cargo to an American vessel there 
waiting, while a cargo of staves from Norfolk, Va., could 




POLITICAL HISTORY 26 1 

only reach the British West India Islands, where it was 
needed, by being sent to some neutral island and there 
transferred to an English vessel, or brought down on to 
the lines for the same purpose. In busy times, large num- 
bers of vessels might be seen lying in pairs off Eastport 
and Lubec, transferring cargoes across an imaginary boun- 
dary line ; and the coming and going of boats and lighters 
made a lively scene. Under this peculiar and, withal, unnat- 
ural system of concentration of business on the frontier, Cam- 
pobello and Indian Island, as well as Eastport and Lubec, 
were busy places, and St. Andrews was in its prime. In 
1830, the regulations were modified, and provincial vessels 
were allowed to enter here ; and in two or three years the 
entries of foreign vessels ran up to a number* nearly equal- 
ling those at New York and exceeding all other American 
ports, though of course the value of imports and average 
tonnage was very much smaller. Not long after, the British 
colonial ports were opened, and the produce and material 
which formerly came across the lines in the Bay of Passama- 
quoddy took the more direct course from the place of pro- 
duction to that of consumption ; and the frontier towns on 
both sides severely felt the loss of their old business. 

From the British evacuation in 1818 to 1830, the following 
citizens served as town officers : — 

Moderators: John Burgin, 1819 and 1820; I. R. Chad- 
bourne, 1821, 1822, 1823, 1825; Jonathan D, Weston, 1824; 
T. Pilsbury, 1826, 1827, and 1829; Benjamin Folsom, 1828; 
Joseph C. Noyes, 1830. 

Town clerks : John Swett, 1819 to 1829, inclusive; Edward 
Baker, 1830. 

Treasurers: Ethel Olmstead, 1819 and 1820; Samuel 
Wheeler, 1821, 1822, 1823, 1824, 1829, and 1S30; J. D. Wes- 
ton, 1825, 1826, 1827, and 1828. 

* In 1833, entries of foreign vessels at Passamaquoddy, 1,784; Boston, 1,017: New 
York, 1,925. 



262 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Selectmen: E. Olmstead, 1819, 1820; John Burgin, 1819, 

1820, 1828; J. D. Weston, 1819, 1820; Jerry Burgin, 1821, 
1822, 1823, 1824, 1825 ; H. T. Emery, 182 1 ; Charles Peavey, 

1821, 1822, 1829; Daniel Kilby, 1822, 1824; Daniel Gar- 
land, 1823; George Hobbs, 1823, 1824; J. C. Noyes, 1825 ; 
Edward Baker, 1825 ; Benjamin Bucknam, 1826, 1827, 1828, 
1829; Benjamin Folsom, 1826, 1827, 1828, 1830; T. Pils- 
bury, 1826, 1827, 1829; W. M. Brooks, 1830; E.Richard- 
son, 1830. 

At the State election, Sept. 10, 1832, Honorable Joseph 
Cobham Noyes was chosen the eleventh representative, and 
was of the same political school as Mr. Folsom, whom he 
succeeded. This election was one of the most fiercely con- 
tested ever held in Eastport. The Democratic candidate 
was General Ezekiel Foster, who, besides his high personal 
standing in the community as the head of the firm which 
was carrying on the salt works, then in the height of pros- 
perity, and the iron works at Pembroke, had exceptional ele- 
ments of strength, and his success was confidently expected ; 
but Mr. Noyes was chosen by the following vote : Joseph 
C. Noyes, 133; Ezekiel Foster, 122; Charles Peavey, 2. 

I don't know whether General Foster's political friends 
felt so sure of his success that preparations were made for 
its celebration in advance, or whether the narrow majority 
against him was considered in itself a victory. At any rate, 
soon after the polls were closed, the brass field-pieces of the 
Eastport Washington Artillery were drawn to the end of 
Steamboat Wharf for the purpose of firing a salute ; and the 
discharge of one of the guns resulted in the accidental 
death of Captain John Swett, a well-known citizen, proprie- 
tor of one of the hotels in town, who had been commander 
of the artillery company, town clerk for several years, and 
filled other public positions. 

Joseph C. Noyes was son of Jacob and Ann (Jones) 



POLITICAL HISTORY 263 

Noyes, born at Portland in September, 1798. He came to 
Eastport in 18 19, and entered into partnership with Nathan- 
iel F. Poor, who afterward took the name of Deering. 
Later, by himself, Mr. Noyes carried on a large business in 
flour and corn, and was interested in shipping. He took 
part in town and public affairs, served several times as mod- 
erator at the annual town meeting, and was chief engineer of 
the fire department. He served one year in the State legis- 
lature, declining a re-election. There was a long contest for 
the choice of representative to Congress at the election of 
1836 in this district, and four ballots were taken without 
either candidate securing the necessary majority. Frederic 
Hobbs, the Whig candidate, having removed from the county, 
Mr. Noyes was put in nomination in his place ; and, on the 
fifth ballot, he was chosen over Mr. Pilsbury and Judge 
Chandler, who divided the Democratic vote. He served 
through the Twenty-fifth Congress, but failed of re-election. 
The Whigs were successful in the presidential campaign of 
1840, and President Harrison appointed Mr. Noyes collector 
of the district of Passamaquoddy. Two years later. Presi- 
dent Tyler superseded him by the appointment of Judge 
Anson G. Chandler to his position. He afterward removed 
to Portland, and was for several years treasurer of the Port- 
land Savings Bank, the largest institution of its class in the 
State. He died in that city, July 28, 1868. His second son, 
Frank, succeeded him as treasurer of the savings bank ; and, 
at his death, a younger son, Edward A. Noyes, was appointed 
to the position, and now holds it. His eldest son, George 
F., a graduate of Bowdoin College, made an honorable 
record in the War of the Rebellion ; and a book which he 
published, " Bivouac and Battlefield," is one of the most 
attractive histories of that eventful period. 

Honorable Lorenzo Sabine was chosen twelfth representa- 
tive at the election in 1833. He was son of Rev. Elijah 



264 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Robinson and Ann (Clark) Sabine, and born at New Con- 
cord (now Lisbon), N.H., Feb. 25, 1803. The father was 
a Methodist clergyman, and was afterward located at Boston 
as pastor of the Bromfield Street Church ; and, in the latter 
part of the family residence in that city, the son was doing 
a boy's work about the bookstore of Messrs. Gould & 
Lincoln. In 181 1 and 1812, Rev. E. R. Sabine was chosen 
chaplain of the Massachusetts House of Representatives. 
At that time, Eastport was represented by Oliver Shead and 
Lewis Frederic Delesdernier. Years after, when the chap- 
lain's son found his way to Eastport, his first employment 
was with the son of the latter ; and the son of the former 
was his intimate acquaintance. Later, the minister was trans- 
ferred to Maine, and located at Hampden, on the Penobscot 
River, and served as representative to the General Court. 
Failing in health, he went South, hoping to be benefited, but 
died at Augusta, Ga., not much over forty years of age. 

At the breaking out of the war of 181 2 with Great Britain, 
a company of soldiers was enlisted in the vicinity of Hamp- 
den to serve on the frontier, and among the soldiers was 
William Cobb, who, on return at the close of his term of en- 
listment, was employed by the minister to work on the farm ; 
and the stories which he told about Moose Island, its scen- 
ery and headlands, the rise and fall of the tides, the smug- 
glers, and the incidents of his stay here, greatly interested 
the boy, and by and by, when it became necessary for him to 
start out and seek his fortune, he was led to come to East- 
port, where he arrived in 182 1, with ten dollars in his pocket. 
He first found employment with William Delesdernier, and 
afterward in the counting-room of Jonathan Bartlett, who 
was then busy with his steamboat enterprise. Later, Mr. 
Sabine went into business on his own account. While an 
industrious and careful merchant, he early developed de- 
cided literary ability and taste, particularly in the line of 



POLITICAL HISTORY 265 

American and colonial history. His residence at Eastport 
influenced the direction of his study and research, and he 
became an authority in the history of the fisheries and the 
diplomacy connected with them, then as now an important 
interest of the town ; while his intercourse with our neigh- 
bors across the line, many of them descendants of the Amer- 
ican Loyalists, led him to take a deep interest in the history 
of the unsuccessful party in the great national struggle for 
liberty. A serious accident nearly cost him his life ; for he 
fell upon the hard beach in the rear of his own store at the 
head of Union Wharf dock, and one of the early recollec- 
tions of the writer was seeing his muffled form being carried 
by to his home on that occasion. He took a deep interest 
in public and town affairs, and helped give the society of the 
time a literary turn, to which not a few still living owe a 
good part of their education. He was for several years 
editor of the Eastport Seiitinel, one of the founders of the 
Eastport Lyceum, and an incorporator of the Eastport 
Academy and Eastport Athenaeum. The product of his busy 
pen found an outlet in the local press, and in periodicals 
of national reputation, like the North American Revieiu 
and Christian Examiner. His literary ability was recog- 
nized by scholars and institutions of learning; and in 1846 
he received the honorary degree of Master of Arts from 
Bowdoin College, and from Harvard University two years 
later. He wrote the Life of Commodore Preble for Jared 
Sparks's series of " American Biography " ; but his principal 
work, and the one in connection with which he has been 
most widely known, is his " History of the American Loyal- 
ists," which gives the results of a vast amount of discrimi- 
nating labor, and still retains its value as an authority. The 
first edition was issued in one large volume by the publish- 
ers, Little & Brown of Boston, in 1847, while ^^^^ author was 
still a resident of Eastport, which being exhausted, a revised 



266 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

edition in two volumes was publislied by the same house in 
1864, the preface dated at Mr, Sabine's home in Roxbury, 
Mass. He also pubUshed a work on " Duels and Duelling." 
He had planned and gathered a large amount of material 
for a History of Eastport, and to many of us it is a cause of 
great regret that he did not carry out his purpose. Several 
papers prepared for the work afterward appeared in print, 
and are republished in the preceding chapters of this volume. 
Mr. Sabine was chosen representative as a National Re- 
publican, and re-elected in 1834 as a Whig. New names had 
begun to appear in the political nomenclature. The Demo- 
crats were in power in State and nation; and the various ele- 
ments of the opposition had consolidated under the name of 
Whigs, which was the favorite of our fathers at the time of 
the Revolution, and of the liberal party in England from the 
days of the Commonw^ealth. The other side insisted that 
their opponents were the lineal descendants of the old Fed- 
eral party, and so called them by that name, or more com- 
monly " Feds " ; and they retorted by calling the administra- 
tion men "Tories." Friction matches were then a novelty; 
and in the internecine quarrels of the New York City 
Democracy, at a meeting held at Tammany Hall, the lights 
being suddenly extinguished by those who wished to defeat 
its objects, the other side quickly produced the new matches 
and lighted up again. Thus this faction gained the name of 
Loco Focos, and from them it was extended throughout the 
country. Mr. Sabine was the principal deputy collector of 
customs for this district during Mr. Noyes's collectorship 
from 1841 to 1843, ^^^ ^^"^ 1848 moved to Framingham, 
Mass., where he received from the governor of the State the 
appointment of trial justice, and served for several years. 
In 1852, he was chosen representative to Congress for the 
Middlesex district, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death 
of Honorable Benjamin Thompson. Later, when the gov- 



POLITICAL HISTORY 267 

ernment wished to avail itself of his knowledge of matters 
connected with the fisheries, he was appointed a special 
agent of the Treasury ; and his report on that subject has a 
permanent value. For several years he held the important 
position of secretary of the Board of Trade for Boston. He 
was an active member of the Massachusetts Historical Soci- 
ety. His own large and valuable library was rich in historical 
works, and in that line of study and research he found choice 
companionship in his last years. He died at his home in 
(Roxbury) Boston on the 14th of April, 1877 ; and his burial 
was at Eastport. 

Eastport's thirteenth representative was Frederic Hobbs, 
Esq., the nominee of the Whig party, elected in 1835. ^^ 
was son of Isaac and Mary (Baldwin) Hobbs, born at Wes- 
ton, Mass., Feb. 25, 1797. He graduated at Harvard Col- 
lege in 18 1 7, and studied law in the office of Daniel Web- 
ster at Boston. He came to Eastport in 182 1, and bought 
out the interest of Francis E. Putnam, then practising here. 
The latter was a descendant of James Putnam, the last royal 
attorney for the province of Massachusetts Bay, was after- 
ward register of probate for Washington County, and finally 
moved to St. Andrews, and was admitted to the bar of Char- 
lotte County, and died there a few years later. Devoting 
himself closely to the practice of his profession, Mr. Hobbs 
soon gained an influential position among the lawyers of 
Eastern Maine. He delivered the Fourth of July oration 
at Eastport in 182 1; but, though always ready to give his 
assistance to the literary and educational institutions of the 
town, it was not until he had received into co-partnership 
Mr. Daniel T. Granger, a native of Saco and graduate of 
Bowdoin College, who came here in 1833, that he took any 
very active part in politics. He served the town most cred- 
itably in the legislature of 1836, and was at the next elec- 
tion nominated as the Whig candidate for Congress from the 



268 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Hancock and Washington district. Owing to a split in the 
Democratic party, there were several unsuccessful trials ; 
and, after Mr. Hobbs had decided to remove to Bangor, and 
Joseph C. Noyes was substituted in his place as the Whig 
candidate, the latter was chosen on the fifth ballot. Mr. 
Hobbs soon became a leading member of the Penobscot bar, 
and continued active in his profession until his decease at 
Bangor, Oct. lo, 1854. 

Honorable George William McLellan, the fourteenth rep- 
resentative, son of William and Annie C. (Burnham) McLel- 
lan, was born at Portland, Me., Oct. 3, 1803. On coming to 
Eastport, he was at first employed in the counting-room of 
Daniel Kilby, and afterward was established in business on 
his own account. He soon developed a taste for political 
life, and in 1836 was chosen as the Whig candidate to the 
House of Representatives, and re-elected the following year. 
The Whigs carried the State in 1837, and in 1838 Governor 
Kent appointed Mr. McLellan high sheriff for the county of 
Washington, when he moved to Calais. The success of the 
Democratic party at the next election deprived him of his 
office ; and, remaining at Calais, he was in 1840 chosen to 
represent that town in the legislature, and, when Mr. Noyes 
became collector of the district of Passamaquoddy, he was 
appointed deputy collector at Houlton. By a political 
change, he lost that office, and, removing to Boston, entered 
again into mercantile business. When the Whig party again 
came into power by the election of General Taylor to the 
presidency in 1848, Philip Greely, the new collector of Bos- 
ton, appointed him his principal deputy, which office he held 
for several years, and, after retiring, while living at Cam- 
bridge, was chosen one of the representatives of that city to 
the Massachusetts legislature. In the great political cam- 
paign of i860, when Abraham Lincoln was chosen President 
of the United States, Mr. McLellan was secretary of the Re- 



POLITICAL HISTORY 269 

publican State Committee ; and, when the new administra- 
tion came into power, he was appointed Assistant Postmaster- 
General, holding the office several years. He died at Wash- 
ington, Jan. 23, 1877. 

Isaac Hobbs, Esq., Whig, who was the fifteenth represen- 
tative, chosen in 1838, was the son of Deacon Isaac and 
Mary (Baldwin) Hobbs, born at Weston, Mass., May 3, 1739. 
He was brother of Frederic Hobbs, who represented the 
town three years before. Their family was an old one in 
the town of Weston. Their grandfather was also Deacon 
Isaac Hobbs, and the house which he built one hundred and 
fifty years ago is still standing. Their grandmother on the 
mother's side was Rebecca Cotton, a descendant of Rev. 
John Cotton, the famous Puritan divine. Mr. Hobbs was 
an officer in the Eastport Light Infantry in its early days. 
He was junior partner of the firm of G. & I. Hobbs, for 
many years well known in connection with commercial 
affairs of Eastport. The house was interested in shipping ; 
and their busy wharf was the great grindstone depot, the 
product of important quarries at the head of the Bay of 
Fundy passing through their hands. He was at one time an 
officer of the customs at Robbinston, moved afterward to 
Massachusetts, where he was engaged in the shoe business 
in connection wdth a brother in New Orleans. He died at 
Charlestown, Mass., March 3, 1853. 

The sixteenth representative was Ichabod Rollins Chad- 
bourne, Esq., chosen in 1839, and re-elected the following 
year, a Whig in his politics. He was son of Jonathan Ches- 
ley and Elizabeth (Rollins) Chadbourne, born at South Ber- 
wick, Me., Jan. 8, 1707. He was descended from Humphrey 
Chadbourne, who was one of the leaders of the first settlers 
on the Piscataqua ; and his grandfather, Benjamin Chad- 
bourne, was prominent in the Revolutionary period, having 
represented South Berwick for sixteen years in the General 



270 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Court of Massachusetts, serving in 1774 and the two suc- 
ceeding years in the council from Sagadahock and Maine 
under the royal authority, and as senator and councillor for 
several years afterward under the Constitution. He was 
also judge of the Court of Common Pleas. Mr. Chad- 
bourne graduated at Dartmouth College in 1808, studied law 
with George Wallingford at Kennebunk and Daniel Davis 
at Boston, was admitted to the Suffolk bar in 18 12, and 
came to Eastport soon after. The war interrupted his 
plans. Practising his profession awhile at Lubec, he was 
appointed postmaster there, but returned to Eastport be- 
fore the surrender of the island by the British, and was 
selected by the citizens to make the address of welcome to 
General Miller and Colonel Sargent at the banquet given 
to celebrate the re-establishment of the jurisdiction of the 
United States. He was chosen and served as captain of the 
Light Infantry, and was for several years connected with the 
military as division inspector. Sullivan S. Rawson was after- 
ward connected with him in his law business ; and Mr. Chad- 
bourne having acquired large landed property in Perry by 
purchase of the original proprietors, his attention was mainly 
directed to its management. He was a man of commanding 
presence, a marked figure in our streets, an effective public 
speaker, and was often heard at town meetings and on other 
occasions. He died at Eastport, Dec. 8, 1855. His eldest 
son, Theodore Lincoln Chadbourne, was graduated at West 
Point in the same class with General Grant, was appointed 
second lieutenant in the Eighth United States Infantry, and 
fell at the battle of Reseca de la Palma in Mexico, May 9, 
1846. His remains were brought to Eastport for burial ; 
and the friends and associates of his youth erected a monu- 
ment to his memory in the cemetery, which bears an inscrip- 
tion written by Dr. Isaac Ray, a former resident and friend 
of the family. 



POLITICAL HISTORY 



271 



Among the important local events in this decade were the 
erection of Trescott Hall in 1831, the Washington Street 
Baptist Church in 1837, and the establishment of the Fron- 
tier Bank in 1836,* which began its career in the little hip- 
roof building that prior to the last great fire stood opposite 
the foot of Washington Street. Being at one time an impor- 
tant business centre, with custom-house and post-office under 
its low roof, it was familiarly known as the Exchange. The 
fire of July 6, 1839, was a serious disaster. Beginning at 




FRONTIER BANK. — 1836. 

a little building known as "No. 9," next north of the Hay- 
den store and from the foot of Boynton Street, it swept 
southward on both sides of Water Street to Paine's Wharf, 
destroying stores, stocks, and some vessels ; and the loss 
above insurance was estimated by a committee of the town 
at $112,000. 

The influence of the modern system of centralization in 
the great cities upon the smaller communities of the country 

*The first president was Aaron Hayden ; his successors, Samuel Wheeler, William 
M. Brooks, O. S. Livermore, S. B. Hume, and Edw. E. Shead ; cashiers, Edw. Ilsley, 
C. H. Hayden, E. J. Noyes, and George H. Hayes; the present board of directors, 
E. E. Shead, S. D. Leavitt, C. H. Dyer, G. H. Paine, W. S. Hume, C. W. Bibber of 
Eastport, and Benjamin Lincoln of Dennysville. 



272 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

has frequently been noticed. Half a century ago, before the 
railroad system had become widely extended and other ap- 
pliances for annihilating time and space had been invented, 
many of the country and seaport towns of New England 
were important social and intellectual centres, each with its 
group of influential families, its one or more brilliant legal 
advocates and skilful medical practitioners, while their suc- 
cessors are likely to be found among the specialists in great 
cities. And so in other ways. Families of means, who in 
those days would have been found at home the year round, 
extending their hospitalities and adding their influence to 
the social life, now not infrequently avoid the winter climate 
by going to some more genial latitude, or seek the attrac- 
tions of city life by a few weeks' residence at Boston or 
Washington ; and this may mean a serious loss to the social 
life at home. To be sure, when summer comes round, there 
is a movement in the opposite direction, and the denizens of 
the cities get away to the country and seacoast ; but this 
does not compensate the communities that suffer from the 
other tendency. 

Eastport, like many places similarly situated, has felt the 
effect of this state of affairs ; and, if one were called upon 
to point out the period when the social and intellectual life 
of the place had been at its best, if familiar with its past, 
I think he would select the years of the thirties, about half 
a century ago. Trescott Hall was built in 1831, and in its 
school-rooms was established what was called the Eastport 
Academy (two schools, one for boys and the other for girls), 
where the higher branches were taught by graduates of Bow- 
doin College, some of whom have since made their mark in 
the pulpit and at the bar. The hall above was the home of 
the Eastport Lyceum, with its valuable and well-sustained 
courses of public lectures ; and here not unfrequently were 
held balls and other entertainments. The solid as well as 



POLITICAL HISTORY 273 

the lighter literature of the Eastport Athenaeum found many 
readers, and people were not so overrun with newspapers 
and illustrated magazines as not to have time for the North 
AmericaJi and foreign quarterlies. In a volume of American 
travel by an English officer, jDublished in London at this 
time, the writer expresses his surprise at the extent and 
quality of the stock in Favor's bookstore, which he visited 
while passing through Eastport. Mr. Sabine was busy with 
his historical researches ; and Dr. Ray was writing his work 
on the "Medical Jurisprudence of Insanity," the beginning of 
his valuable labors in that specialty. The bar was well rep- 
resented by J. D. Weston, I. R. Chadbourne, and Frederic 
Hobbs among the older lawyers ; D. T. Granger, S. S. Raw- 
son, and Nelson Weston, junior partners, and Aaron Hay- 
den, who had come back to his native town from graduation. 
The garrison at Fort Sullivan, with the stars and stripes 
floating aloft, not only added a picturesque element to the 
life of the town by its drum-beats and sunset guns and 
sprinkling of uniforms in the streets, but the families of the 
officers. Major Churchill, Captain Childs, Lieutenant Green, 
Dr. Sprague, and others, helped the character of its social 
elements. Across the line, the immediate descendants of the 
American Loyalists were still the social and political leaders, 
with some inheritance of the old courtly manners. They 
visited our families, and from all points of the neighboring 
provinces came here to take passage by the famous Eastport 
packets, the favorite route to Boston and what was then the 
West, not unwilling to rest awhile at the old " Quoddy 
House " of their fellow Loyalist, Captain Alpheus Pine. 
When the average length of a passage to Boston was three 
or four days, and i\iight be longer than it now takes to go to 
Europe, the place was comparatively insulated, especially in 
winter; and the people, compelled to find their enjoyment at 
home, managed to have pretty good times. 



2 74 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Town officers during this period : — 

Moderators: J. C. Noyes, 1831, 1832, 1835, ^§36, 1837, 
and 1840; Benjamin Folsom, 1833; F. Hobbs, 1834; I. R. 
Chadbourne, 1838 and 1839. 

Town clerks: Edward Baker, 1831, 1835, ^^^36, 1837, and 
1838; John D. Weston, 1832, 1833, and 1834; N. F. Fos- 
dick, 1839 ; Oliver Shead, 1840. 

Treasurer: S. Wheeler, 1831, 1832, and 1833; A. Hay- 
den, 1834, 1835, ^^3^, 1837; C. H. Hayden, 1838, 1839, 
and 1840. 

Selectmen: Benjamin Folsom, 1831, 1832, 1833; W. M. 
Brooks, 1831, 1832, 1833, 1834, 1839, and 1840; E. Rich- 
ardson, 1831 and 1832; Jesse Gleason, 1833, 1834, 1835, 
1836, 1837, and 1838 ; D. Pearce, 1834 and 1835 ; S. B. 
Wadsworth, 1835 ^"^^ 1S36 ; Samuel Rice, 1836; O. S. Liv- 
ermore, 1837, ^^3^' ^^39 ^^^ 1840; J. L. Bowman, 1837; 
L. Shaw, 1838 ; L. F. Wheeler, 1839 ^^^ 1840. 

The population of the town in 1840 was 2,876. 

At the annual election in September, 1841, there was no 
choice of representative to the legislature, the law then 
requiring an absolute majority of all ballots cast, and 
neither candidate had the necessary number. At a special 
meeting called a week later, the contest was renewed ; and 
Jabez Tucker Pike, Esq., was chosen the seventeenth rep- 
resentative of the town. He was son of Elias and Ruth 
Tucker (Stevens) Pike, born at Salisbury, Mass., June 21, 
18 13. Having learned the trade of cooper, he came to East- 
port, and afterward, as the head of the firm of J. T. Pike 
& Co., carried on the fishing business at an extensive estab- 
lishment near Clark's Ledge at the North End. He was 
interested in military matters, was captain of the Eastport 
Washington Artillery, and was for several years an inspector 
of the customs. In politics, he was a Democrat, and the 
first member of that party chosen since the modern division 



POLITICAL HISTORY 275 

of parties, and was re-elected in 1842. Some years ago, he 
moved to California ; and his present home is at Sacramento 
City. 

At the election in 1843, ^^"^^ town returned to its old habit 
and chose the Whig candidate, and now for the first time 
one of its own children, the eighteenth representative being 
Samuel Bucknam, Esq., son of Ezra T. and Eliza (Buck- 
nam) Bucknam, born at Eastport, April 11, 18 12. The 
father had been a prominent citizen of the place in business 
and town matters, but afterward moved back to Falmouth, 
the old home of the Bucknams. The son, coming here again, 
was for many years in the fishing business, trade, and navi- 
gation. He served one year in the legislature, and was not 
a candidate for re-election. He is now living at Grinnell in 
the State of Iowa. 

The nineteenth representative, chosen in 1844, was Hon- 
orable Aaron Hayden, the candidate of the Whig party. 
He was son of Deacon Aaron and Ruth Richard (Jones) 
Hayden, born at Eastport, Sept. 2;^, 18 14. 

The Hayden House, where the nineteenth and twenty- 
ninth representatives were born, was built by Deacon Hay- 
den in 1805, and has been modernized by General S. D. 
Leavitt, its present owner. Mr. Hayden was graduated at 
Harvard University in 1834 ; and his legal education was 
acquired in the office of Frederic Hobbs of this town, at 
the Law School in Cambridge, and with Charles G. Loring, 
of Boston. He was admitted to the practice of law in 
Suffolk County in 1838, and at the bar of Penobscot County 
the same year. Returning soon to Eastport, he continued 
to practise his profession, and kept up an interest in politi- 
cal and educational matters. He served several years on 
the board of selectmen and as a member of the school 
committee, also on the State Board of Education. At the 
breaking out of the War of the Rebellion, he was active in 



276 



EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 



promoting enlistments in the first companies that left this 
vicinity. In 1845, ^^ ^'^'^^ chosen representative for a second 
term, and held an influential position in the legislature, and 
in 1855 was elected one of the senators from Washington 
County. He died at Eastport, Oct. 22, 1865. 

The twentieth representative, chosen in 1846, was Thomas 
Gleason Jones, Esq., who was also a Whig in politics. He 




was son of Stephen and Elizabeth (Young) Jones, born at 
Eastport, April 23, 1817; and he served a second term, 
being re-elected in 1847. He was employed in mercantile 
business, removed from town a few years later, lived in sev- 
eral places at the South and West, and died at Anoka, Minn. 
Henry Tilton Emery, Esq., Whig, was chosen the twenty- 
first representative of the town in 1848. He was son of Caleb 
and Mary Jane (James) Emery, born at Kittery, March 31, 



\ 



POLITICAL HISTORY 277 

1783. He was for several years engaged in trade here, 
afterward at Deer Island, N.B., in connection with an East- 
port firm, and then moved to one of the farming towns in 
Penobscot County. Returning here, he lived at Kendall's 
Head at the time of his election to the legislature, and died 
here April lo, 1S65. One of his sons, J. Woodman Emery, 
was for several years editor and proprietor of the Sentinel. 

The twenty-second representative, chosen in 1849, ^^'^^ 
Bion Bradbury, Esq., a Democrat. He was son of Jeremiah 
and Mary Langdon (Storer) Bradbury, born at Biddeford, 
Dec. 6, 1811. His mother's family was connected by mar- 
riage with that of Governor John Langdon, of New Hamp- 
shire. He was graduated at Bowdoin College in 1830, and 
studied law with Daniel Goodenow of Alfred and William 
Pitt Preble of Portland. In 1834, he w^as admitted to prac- 
tice in the county of York, and entered upon the work of his 
profession the same year at Calais, which town he repre- 
sented in the legislature in 1842. In July, 1844, he was 
appointed collector of customs for the district of Passama- 
quoddy by President Tyler, and moved to Eastport. In 
1849, after the accession of General Taylor, the Whig candi- 
date, to the presidency, a member of that party was ap- 
pointed in his place. At the next presidential election, the 
Democratic party was again successful ; and President Pierce 
reappointed Mr. Bradbury to the collectorship, and he re- 
mained through that administration until the expiration of 
his term in 1853, and then continued in the practice of his 
profession at Eastport. At the breaking out of the War of 
the Rebellion, the patriotic stand taken by Mr. Bradbury 
commanded the respect of his political opponents ; and, 
though there was a large Republican majority in town, he 
was with great unanimity nominated for representative to the 
legislature, and chosen in 186 1, with only a few scattering 
votes against him. He soon after removed to Portland, and 



278 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

established himself in his profession. He was at that time 
the acknowledged leader of the Democratic party in Maine, 
and was their candidate for governor, failing of election 
only because of the strong Republican majority in the State. 
He was appointed surveyor of the port of Portland by Presi- 
dent Cleveland, and died in that city while in office, July 
18, 1887. 

Doctor Erastus Richardson was the twenty-third represen- 
tative, chosen in 1850, and at the next election re-elected for 
a second term. He was a Whig in politics. He was son of 
Amasa and Elizabeth (Richardson) Richardson, born at 
Franklin, Mass., April 3, 1794. He studied with physicians 
of his neighborhood, and completed his medical education 
at Brown University, Providence, R.L, where he received his 
degree in 18 18, and that same year began the practice of his 
profession at Eastport. He was for several years a most 
efficient town officer. He died at Eastport, May 23, 1855. 

Early in this decade may be set down the establishment 
of regular steam navigation between Eastport and Boston. 
Nearly twenty 3''ears earlier, by the enterprise of Jonathan 
Bartlett, a line of steamers was started along the coast, 
touching at Castine, Bath, etc., and a few trips were made by 
the steam-brig " New York " and the other craft ; but it was 
not a success, and travel went back to the noted sailing 
packets of those days, the " Boundary," " Edward Preble," 
"Sarah," "Splendid," and " Hayden." Afterward, English 
steamers — the "Royal Tar," "North America," and others 
— ran from St. John to Boston, touching here ; and, as they 
could not run direct between two American ports, they 
cleared from here to Campobello, and thence to Boston, 
returning same way. Early in the forties, American steamers 
came on the route, first the "Bangor," then the "Portland," 
followed by the " Telegraph '.' and " Huntress," until the 
" Admiral " and " Senator," and afterward the " Eastern 



POLITICAL HISTORY 



279 



City," were specially built for the route. Then came the 
''Adelaide," and these were followed by steamers well 
known to the modern travelling public. 

The principal public house of this period was Mabee's 
Hotel, originally the private residence of Captain John N. 
Peavey, a prominent citizen in the early years of the cen- 
tury. It was afterward used as a tavern, and from time to 
time received additions and improvements until it became 
the large " Island House," which was destroyed in the fire of 
1886; and the spacious new hotel, the "Quoddy," has been 
built on the same site. 

The erection of a new custom-house may be recorded as 
a notable event of 
this period. The 
first collector of 
the district of Pas- 
samaquoddy kept 
his office at the 
place below Shack- 
ford's Cove,' where 
the name Custom 
House Street is 
still preserved. On 




STEAMER OFF FRIAR S HEAD. 



the capture of the 

island in 18 14, the office was removed to Lubec, and re- 
mained there until the appointment of Mr. Thacher's suc- 
cessor in 1829, there being at Eastport only a sub-office 
under charge of Deputy Collector J. D. Weston, kept in the 
flat-roofed building at the foot of Washington Street, in the 
farther end of which Judge Burgin had the post-office. The 
United States owned a wharf and building in the " Hollow," 
which had come into its possession in the collection of a 
government claim ; and, in accordance with the economical 
habits of those days, this cheap and shabby edifice was for 



28o 



EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 



a score of years the head-quarters of the large foreign and 
coastwise business of the district. In 1849, ^^^^ spacious and 
substantial government building which succumbed at the 
recent fire was erected at an expense of $40,000 ; and now 
a much larger sum is to be expended in building another in 
its place. 

When, in 18 11, the larger portion of the town of Eastport 




•Qu^TOAv- f-tou^e- 



LrecLed • (65o 



was set off and incorporated by the name of Lubec, the 
islands lying between the two places went with the latter. 
In 1847, by an act of the Maine legislature, that part of the 
territory of Lubec known as Allan's or Dudley Island was 
restored to Eastport ; and, as will be seen later, a resident 
of this territory was afterward chosen to represent the town 
in the State legislature. Population in 1850, 4,125. 



POLITICAL HISTORY 28 1 

Town officers of this period : — 

Moderators : J. C. Noyes, 1841 ; S. S. Rawson, 1842 ; 
D. T. Granger, 1843, ^^44, 1845, 1846, 1847, 1S48, 1849, 
and 1850. 

Town clerks: O. Shead, 1841, 1S42, 1843, 1844; C. W. 
Hume, 1845, 1S46, 1847 5 S- -^' Byram, 1848, 1849, ^^^ 
1850. 

Treasurers : C. H. Hayden, 1841, 1842, 1843, 1844, 1845, 
1846, 1847 5 J- French, 1848 ; G. A. Peabody, 1849, 1S50. 

Selectmen : W. M. Brooks, 1841 ; G. Lamphrey, 1841 ; 
I. D. Andrews, 1841 ; S. S. Rawson, 1842 ; L. F. Wheeler, 
1842 ; G. H. Robbins, 1842 ; C. H. Hayden, 1843 ; Jerry 
Burgin, 1843; C. S. Carpenter, 1843, 1S44, 1845, 1S46, 1847; 
J. L. Bowman, 1844, 1850 ; O. S. Livermore, 1844, 1845, 
1846, 1847 5 ^' Hayden, 1845, 1846, 1847, 1849, ^^50 ; 
H. A. Pettingill, 1847 ; S. B. Wadsworth, 1848 ; R. Mowe, 
Jr., 1848 ; M. D. Bibber, 1849 ; E. Richardson, 1848, 1849, 
1850. 

In 1846, a change was made in the time of the meeting of 
the legislature ; and the State made the experiment of sum- 
mei* sessions, assembling in May instead of January, as 
before. After trying this half a dozen years, it was decided 
to go back to the old arrangement. The legislature chosen 
in 1850 held its regular session in May, 185 1, and a brief 
session of twenty-two days in May, 1852, the State election 
being omitted. So, though Dr. Richardson was elected but 
twice, he served through three years. 

At the election in 1853, Joseph Gunnison, Esq., Whig, was 
chosen the twenty-fourth representative of the town. He 
was son of Elisha and Betsey (Rounds) Gunnison, born at 
Buxton, May 10, 1799. He first came to Eastport in 18 15, 
and was employed as clerk in a store. Afterward, as partner 
in the firm of Bucknam & Gunnison, he was extensively en- 
gaged in trade, and later carried on business at St. John, 



252 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

N.B., and at Magaguadavic. Returning here, he established 
in 1842 the first express runnhig between Boston and this 
section, and continued in that business through many years. 
In 1849, he was appointed surveyor of the port of Eastport 
by President Taylor, and continued a full term. After the 
election of President Lincoln, he was appointed an inspector 
of the customs at Eastport, and died while holding that office, 
June 2, 1874. He served a second term in the legislature. 
At this time, important changes were taking place in the 
political organizations of the country. The Free-soil party — 
the outgrowth of the anti-slavery sentiment — had assumed 
large proportions ; and another short-lived party, called 
Know Nothings, with native American sentiments, had 
sprung into existence. These drew largely from both of the 
old jDarties ; and in 1854 the Republican party may be said 
to have been born, absorbing the Free-soil party and, in the 
Northern States, the bulk of the Whig party. A fragment of 
the latter still adhered to the old name, and was known as 
straight Whig. In 1855, this element united with the Demo- 
cratic party, and elected Judge Samuel Wells governor of the 
State ; and the same combination also carried Eastport, and 
chose Upham Stowers Treat, Esq., Democrat, the twenty- 
fifth representative of the town. He was son of Robert and 
Mary (Ridley) Treat, born at Prospect, Me., March 10, 1808. 
He was one of the pioneers in the canning business in this 
country, and came first to Eastport and set up an establish- 
ment for canning lobsters at the Billings place. He after- 
ward purchased and moved to the island in our harbor 
which has since been generally known by his name. His- 
torically, it is Dudley or Allan's Island, the former in the 
treaties and diplomatic correspondence between the United 
States and Great Britain, and the latter in the legislative 
acts of the State of Maine. As it was first owned by, and is 
the burial-place of, the Revolutionary patriot, John Allan, 



) 



POLITICAL HISTORY 



283 



it should continue to be called Allan's Island. Mr. Treat 
resided on this satellite of our island when he represented 
the town. A score of years later, when the Japanese govern- 
ment wished to have its people instructed in the processes of 
preserving meats and vegetables by canning, application was 
made for the friendly services of the United States authorities 
in sending them a competent teacher ; and Mr. Treat was 
selected for that purpose. After going to Washington for 
instructions, he left for Japan in July, 1877, and was em- 



/nAlSEE'^ ,655 
ttOT-Eli 




k 



ployed there several years. He died at St. Paul, Minn., 
Nov. 2, 1883. 

In 1856, the newly formed Republican party swept the 
State, electing Hannibal Hamlin governor by a large major- 
ity; but Eastport was not yet ready to fall into the line, and 
chose Humphrey Pike, Esq., Democrat, the twent3^-sixth rep- 
resentative, and he was re-elected the following year. He 
was son of Elias and Ruth Tucker (Stevens) Pike, born at 
Salisbury, Mass., Aug. 13, 181 1, and brother of Jabez T. 
Pike, seventeenth representative of the town. He was at 



284 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

one time an inspector of the customs, filled for several years 
the office of collector of taxes, and finally established a 
flourishing meat market. He died at Eastport, Aug. 25, 
1880. 

The. twenty-seventh representative was Caleb Stetson Hus- 
ton, Esq., Republican, son of Robert and Hannah (Stetson) 
Huston, born at Robbinston, Nov. 19, 1814. His father was 
the well-known Eastport ship-builder of his day, and the son 
his assistant and successor; and, between them both, they 
were the builders of the principal part of the fine sailing craft 
which gave our frontier town its wide commercial celebrity. 
He was re-elected in 1859. He retired from business, and 
died at Eastport, Nov. 19, 1887. 

In i860, Asa Bucknam, Esq., Republican, was chosen the 
twenty-eighth representative. He was son of John and 
Betsey (Bucknam) Bucknam, born at Falmouth Dec. 30, 
1822, and cousin of Samuel Bucknam, the eighteenth repre- 
sentative. He was for several years engaged in trade and 
the fishing business at Little's Cove, and held the office of 
selectman. At the breaking out of the War of the Rebel- 
lion in 1 86 1, there being a desire to ignore party lines for 
the occasion, and send Bion Bradbury, Esq., a prominent 
Democrat, to the legislature, Mr. Bucknam did not allow 
himself to be a candidate^ but the following year he was 
chosen again, and served a second term. He died at East- 
port, Sept. 9, 1878. 

Town officers from 1850 to i860 : — 

Moderators: D. T. Granger, 185 1, 1852, 1853, 1854; 
I. R. Chadbourne, 1855 ; B. Bradbury, 1856 ; J. M. Liver- 
more, 1857, 1858, 1859, and i860. 

Town clerks: S. R. Byram, 1851, 1852; R. B. Clark, 
1853, 1854, 1855, 1856, 1857, 1858, 1859, and i860. 

Treasurers: G, A. Peabody, 1852, 1858, 1859, and i860; 
R. Mowe, Jr., 1853, 1854, 1856, 1857 ; John Hinckley, 1855. 



POLITICAL HISTORY 285 

Selectmen: A. Hayden, 185 1, 1852, 1853, 1854, 1855, 
1856; E. Richardson, 185 1, 1852, 1853; J. L. Bowman, 
1851, 1852, 1853, 1855, 1857; E. H. Andrews, 1854, 1856; 
R. Mowe, Jr., 1854, 1856, 1858 ; S. Leighton, 1855 '> H- 
Whelpley, 1857, 1858, 1859, i860 ; S. Stevens, 1857, 1858, 
1859, i860; J. M. Livermore, 1859, i860. 

Population in i860, 3,850. 

In 1863, William Henry Kilby, Esq., Republican, was chosen 
the twenty-ninth representative, and was re-elected in 1864. 
He was son of Daniel and Joanna (Hobart) Kilby, born at 
Eastport March 24, 1820, and is now a resident of Boston. 
His father was the ninth representative of this town. 

Honorable Partmon Houghton, Republican, was chosen 
the thirtieth representative in 1865. He was born at Bolton, 
Mass., May 3, 1806, son of Eleazar and Becke (Barrett) 
Houghton. He began mercantile life with the cotton manu- 
facturing house of Parker, Wilder & Co. of Boston, and 
came to Eastport in 1827. First as junior partner of the 
firm of Gleason & Houghton, and then by himself, he con- 
tinued in active business until, in the fire of '64, his store 
in Parallel Block was destroyed. After serving one year 
as representative, he was in 1866 chosen one of the sen- 
ators for Washington County, and re-elected for a second 
term in 1867. In 1870, he was appointed a member of the 
commission for establishing the valuation of the State. He 
died at Eastport, Dec. 12, 1887; and among the public be- 
quests in his will were $2,000 to the town for the care of the 
cemetery and a much larger sum for the benefit of deserving 
and needy aged women of Eastport. 

The thirty-first representative of the town was Charles 
Brooks Paine, Esq., Republican, chosen in 1866, and re- 
elected the following year. He was son of Zebulon A. and 
Margaret (Starboard) Paine, born at Eastport, Sept. 19, 1822. 
He was engaged in mercantile business as a member of the 



286 



EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 



well-known, successful house established by his father, and 
continued, after his decease, by his son and other descend- 
ants of the founder. He served as town treasurer, and died 
suddenly at Chelmsford, Mass., June 26, 1879, while visiting 
his sister, Mrs. D. A. Bussell. 

The thirty-second representative of the town, chosen in 




SAVINGS BANK, IJ 



1868, was Honorable Alden Bradford, son of Andrew R. 
and Betsy (Blatchford) Bradford, born at Eastport, April 25, 
His grandfather was one of the early ship-builders at 



162; 



Robbinston; and the family is of the stock of the Pilgrim 
governor, William Bradford. He has been connected with 
the clothing house of which he is the present head from the 



POLITICAL HISTORY 287 

beginning. He was re-elected representative in 1S69, and 
in 187S was chosen one of tlie senators from Washington 
County, and returned again the following year. It is a nota- 
ble fact that there was but a single lawyer in the Senate of 
1880; and, as he was made president of the body, it became 
necessary to put a non-professional man at the head of the 
judiciary committee, and that position fell to Senator Brad- 
ford. He is now president of the Eastport Savings Bank, 
which was established in i86g,* has a fine banking house, 
recently built, and a deposit of over $300,000. 

Town officers from i860 to 1870 : — 

Moderators: J. M. Livermore, 1861 to 1869, inclusive; 
G. W. Chadbourne, 1870. 

Clerks : G. W. Sabine, 1861 ; S. R. Byram, 1862 to 1870, 
inclusive. 

Treasurer : G. A. Peabody, 186 1 to 1870, inclusive. 

Selectmen : J. M. Livermore, 1861 to 1869, inclusive ; H. 
Whelpley, 1861 to 1869, inclusive; Simon Stevens, 1861, 
1862, 1863, 1864, 1865; M. Small, 1866, 1867; E. S. Corey, 
1868 ; R. B. Clark, 1869, 1870; N. B. Nutt, 1870; A. Brad- 
ford, 1870. 

The most important local event of this period was the 
disastrous fire of Oct. 22, 1864, which swept through the 
business part of the town, and occasioned a loss of nearly 
$200,000 above insurance. 

The Passamaquoddy Hotel, built in this period, and de- 
stroyed in the last great fire, was a large and well-kept public 
house. 

Population, 3,736. 

The thirty-third representative of the town, chosen in Sep- 
tember, 1870, was Joseph Anderson, Esq., Republican, son 
of Joseph and Rebecca (Morris) Anderson, born at East- 

*At the outset, John H. McLarren was president, and N. B. Nutt secretary and 
treasurer. The present board of trustees consists of Alden Bradford, N. B. Nutt, Simon 
Stevens, Winslow Bates, J. W. Hinckley, R. B. Clark, J. W. Doring, J. Anderson, and 
J. J. Pike, Alden Bradford being president, and N. B. Nutt secretary and treasurer. 



288 



EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 



port, Oct. 2 0, 1823 ; is a master carpenter and builder, having 
carried on that business in town and vicinity ever since com- 
ing to manhood. He served for several years as chairman 
of the board of selectmen and as moderator at the annual 
town meetings. He was re-elected representative in 187 1 ; 
is still in active business at Eastport. 

Simon Stevens, Esq., Republican, was chosen the thirty- 




fourth representative in 1872. He was son of Abel and 
Sarah (Thaxter) Stevens, born at Portland, Oct. 23, 18 13. 
With his father, and as his successor, he carried on for many 
years a meat-market at the old town landing at the foot of 
Boynton Street, retiring from business a few years since ; 
and he still lives in Eastport. In his younger days, when 



b 



POLITICAL HISTORY 289 

the Eastport Light Infantry was a crack corps, he was one 
of its lieutenants ; and for several years he served on the 
board of selectmen. A dozen years after his first term of 
service, he was in 1884 again chosen to represent the town 
in the State legislature. 

Eastport still maintained its Republican majority; but in 
1873, on an issue connected with the introduction of rail- 
roads, General Samuel Dean Leavitt, a Democrat, was 
chosen the thirty-fifth representative of the town, and was 
re-elected the following year. He was son of Benjamin B. 
and Hannah (Lamprey) Leavitt, born at Eastport, Aug. 12, 
1838. His grandfather, Jonathan Leavitt, a native of Hamp- 
ton Falls, N.H,, was one of the early settlers of Eastport 
and moderator of the first town meeting, held May 21, 1798, 
and died here Jan. 25, 1810. He served as a captain in the 
Revolutionary War ; and his commission as captain lieuten- 
ant, made in quaint form in the name of the government and 
people of the State of New Hampshire, and signed by 
Mesech Weare, president of the council at Exeter, June 30, 
1779, is still in the possession of his grandson. In the War 
of the Rebellion, the latter held a commission as first lieuten- 
ant in the Fifteenth Regiment of Maine Volunteers, which 
was attached to the department of the Gulf, and served as 
commissary of subsistence at New Orleans. He was after- 
ward admitted as a member of the Washington County bar. 
In 1879, when a fusion of the Democratic and Greenback 
parties carried Maine, he was, as a member of the former, 
chosen adjutant-general of the State. He is now collector 
of customs for the district of Passamaquoddy, by the ap- 
pointment of President Cleveland. 

Honorable Seward Bucknam Hume, Republican, was 
chosen the thirty-sixth representative in 1875, ^^^ re-elected 
the following year. He was son of William and Augusta (Jack- 
man) Hume, born at Eastport, Aug. 15, 1S13. He received 



290 



EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 



in early life a business training, and established over half 
a century ago the successful commercial house which still 
bears his name, and is carried on by his sons. He was for 
several years president of the Frontier National Bank. In 
i88o, he was nominated by the Republicans an elector of 
President and Vice-president for Maine, chosen to that office, 







FRONTIER NATIONAL BANK, 1887. 



and voted for President Garfield. In 1884, he was elected 
one'of the senators for Washington County, which position 
he held at the time of his death at Eastport, Sept. 10, 1885. 
The thirty-seventh representative was George Henry Rob- 
bins, Esq., Republican, first chosen in 1877. He was son of 
Ebenezer and Mercy (Bartlett) Robbins, born at Portland, 
Jan. 18, 1807. His mother was sister of Jonathan Bartlett, 



POLITICAL HISTORY 



291 



the fifth representative of the town. He came to Eastport 
while a boy, and learned the pump and block-making busi- 
ness, which he followed many years. He was at one time 
selectman and for several years an inspector of customs. 
Always interested in public matters, he devoted a good deal 
of time and effort in the closing years of his life to arouse 
the public attention to the feasibility and importance of 
widening and deepening the channel at Lubec Narrows and 
securing the action of Congress for its survey and the neces- 
sary appropriation for carrying out the work ; and he had 
the satisfaction of living to see its practical completion. 
He was re-elected to the legislature in 1878 and for the 
third time in 1879. He died at Eastport, March 17, 1884. 

Hiram Blanchard, Esq., the thirty-eighth representative, 
who was elected in 1880, a Republican in politics, son of 
David and Sophia (Bennett) Blanchard, was born at Char- 
lotte, Jan. II, 1825. He came to Eastport in 1873, and 
established a steam-mill business, which has been greatly 
enlarged, and is still carried on by himself and sons. For 
two years, he was chairman of the board of selectmen. 

Town officers between 1870 and 1880 : — 

Moderators: N. B. Nutt, 1871, 1873; J. M. Livermore, 
1872, 1874, 1875, 1876, 1877, 1878; J. Anderson, 1879, 1880. 

Town clerk: S. R. Byram, 187 1 to 1880, inclusive. 

Treasurers: C. B. Paine, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874, 1875, 
1876 ; E. H. Wadsworth, 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880. 

Selectmen: N. B. Nutt, 1871, 1872; A. Bradford, 1871, 
1872, 1873; R. B. Clark, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874; W. P. 
Paine, 1873 ; W. J. Fisher, 1874 ; F. A. Buck, 1874, 1875, 

1876, 1877, 1878, 1879; M. Bradish, 1875, 1S76 ; A. Buck- 
nam, 1875, 1876; M. D. Bibber, 1877; D. G. Furbush, 

1877, 1878, 1879; J. Anderson, 1878, 1879, 1S80 ; E. E. 
Livermore, 1880 ; A. V. Bradford, 1880. 

Population in 1880, 4,006. 



292 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

The principal local feature of this period was the introduc- 
tion of the manufacture of sardines and the increase of busi- 
ness and population in consequence of the new industry. 
In the politics of the State there were the sudden rise and 
growth of the Greenback party ; and, in fusion with the 
Democrats, Governors Garcelon and Plaisted were elected, 
and a large proportion of State and county officers. The 
influence of this movement was not felt so much in Eastport 
and Washington County as in some other sections. At this 
time, also, a constitutional amendment was adopted, estab- 
lishing biennial elections in Maine ; and there was no State 
election held in 1881. 

In 1882, Benjamin Foster Kilby, Esq., Republican, was 
chosen the thirty-ninth representative. He is son of Charles 
H. and Julia E. (Foster) Kilby, born at Dennysville, March 
I, 1852. His grandfather, Theophilus Kilby, was brother 
of Daniel Kilby, the ninth representative. He came to 
Eastport in 1878, set up a boot and shoe store; and he still 
continues in that business. At the next election, in 1884, as 
has already been stated, Simon Stevens, Esq., was chosen 
for a second term; and in 1886 Martin Bradish, Esq., Re- 
publican, the present incumbent, was chosen the fortieth 
representative of the town. He was son of David and 
Amelia Maria (Colville) Bradish, born at Portland, May 4, 
18 15. He came to Eastport in 1840, and established him- 
self in the baking business, and with a brief interval has 
continued in the same line, adding largely to the capacity 
of his establishment and recently setting up a branch at 
Calais. 

He served for two years as chairman of the board of 
selectmen. 

Town officers since 1880 : — 

Moderators: J. Anderson, 1881 ; W. J. Fisher, 1882, 1883, 
1884; N. B. Nutt, 1885, 1886, 1887. 



POLITICAL HISTORY 293 

Town clerk: S, R. Byram, 1881 to 1887, inclusive. 

Treasurers: E. H. Wadsworth, 1881, 1882; L. M. Whalen, 
1883; W. S. Hume, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1887. 

Selectmen : J. Anderson, 1881 ; E. E. Livermore, 1881, 
1882 ; A. V. Bradford, 1881 ; E. B. Davis, 1882 ; R. C. 
Green, 1882 ; S. D. Leavitt, 1883 ; W. Martin, 1883 ; J. M. 
Swett, 1883 ; H. Blanchard, 1884, 1885 ; N. B. Nutt, Jr., 
1884, 1885, 1886, 1887; F. S. Paine, 1884; S. N. Frost, 
1885 ; E. E. Shead, 1886, 1887 ; Jas. Mulneaux, 1886, 1887. 

The great fire of Oct. 14, 1886, exceeded in the amount of 
its losses both those of the fires of 1839 ^^^ 1864, the total 
being estimated at three-quarters of a million dollars, of 
which rather more than half was covered by insurance. The 
town immediately became the recipient of a stream of almost 
unprecedented generosity, which greatly mitigated the effects 
of the calamity. The process of rebuilding, which is still 
going on, has effected great improvement in the business 
section ; while the more substantial character of many of the 
new buildings, and the abundant supply of water now being 
introduced, will greatly diminish the risk of similar disasters 
in future. 

Of the men who have represented Eastport in the lower 
branch of the State legislature, as has been seen, Aaron 
Hayden, Partmon Houghton, Alden Bradford, and Seward 
B. Hume were afterward chosen senators for Washington 
County. Besides these, several citizens who had no previous 
legislative experience were elected senators. The first was 
Honorable Benjamin Brickett Leavitt, chosen as the candidate 
of the Democratic party from the eastern Washington district 
in 1841. At that time, Hancock and Washington Counties 
had between them three senators, and were divided into 
districts, the middle district being composed of parts of both 
counties. Colonel Leavitt was son of Jonathan and Mary 
(Perkins) Leavitt, born at Eastport, Nov. 6, 1798. In early 



294 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

life he was engaged in mercantile business, and later de- 
voted his attention to the care of his large property. He 
was interested in military affairs, and, after serving in subor- 
dinate positions, was chosen colonel of the Third Regiment, 
First Brigade, Seventh Division, of the militia in Maine. He 
was appointed by President Polk surveyor of the port of 
Eastport. He died at Eastport, July 25, 1881. His son, 
General S. D. Leavitt, was the thirty-fifth representative of 
the town. 

Honorable Sullivan Sumner Rawson, Democrat, was chosen 
senator from the eastern Washington district in 1843. He 

was son of Ebenezer and (Taylor) Rawson, born at 

Paris, Me., Oct. 3, 1806. He graduated at Waterville Col- 
lege in 1828. His legal studies were completed with Nich- 
olas Emery at Portland, in 183 1, in which year he was ad- 
mitted to the bar of Oxford County, and came to Eastport. 
For several years, he was associated in law business with 
I. R. Chadbourne, Esq. He was appointed county attorney 
for Washington County in 1834 and deputy collector at East- 
port in 1839. President Van Buren appointed him collector 
of customs for the district of Passamaquoddy in 1840, which 
office he did not retain long, for the Whigs were successful 
in the presidential election that year ; and, on the accession 
of President Harrison, Honorable J. C. Noyes was appointed 
in his place. While in the Senate in 1844, he was appointed 
one of Governor Anderson's aids. Several years later, he 
moved from Eastport to California, and died there. 

Honorable Joseph Mason Livermore, Republican, was 
chosen senator in 1858, Washington County being now en- 
titled to two senators. He was son of Oliver S. and Sarah 
S. (Johnson) Livermore, born at Eastport, Nov. 22, 1824. 
His great-grandfather, Samuel Tuttle, who was a captain in 
the Revolutionary army, was the first officer of customs in 
this district. At that time, the eastern boundary line between 



POLITICAL HISTORY 



295 



the United States and the neighboring British Provinces 
was in dispute. The British claimed Moose Island, and for- 
bade Mr. Tuttle from exercising authority ; and, for his 
refusal to obey their behest, he was arrested in December, 
1785, and committed to jail at St. Andrews, but, finding 
him unyielding, he was set at liberty after a few days' deten- 
tion. Mr. Livermore was engaged in commercial business 
at Eastport. For nineteen years he served as moderator at 




MASONIC HALL, 1887. 



the annual town meetings, and for eleven years was chair- 
man of the board of selectmen. His father and his son, 
Edward E. Livermore, the present county attorney, have also 
servec as selectmen ; and there are citizens of Eastport who 
have yoted for all three. He was appointed surveyor of the 
port of Eastport by President Lincoln, and held that posi- 
tion, with the exception of a short time, when the duties of 
the office were suspended, until his death, which took place 
at Eastport, Nov. 20, 1878. 



296 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

General Charles Henry Smith, Republican, was chosen 
senator in 1865. ^^ ^^'^^ ^^^ ^^ Aaron and Sally (Gile) 
Smith, born at Hollis, Me., Nov. i, 1827. His grandfather, 
John Smith, was a soldier in the Revolutionary army under 
Washington, and while at Valley Forge, and after peace, was 
a member of the Massachusetts General Court. His mother 
was related to the Simpson family, from which General 
Grant descended. He was graduated at Waterville College 
in 1856, and came to Eastport in 1857 as principal of tie 
High School. When the War of the Rebellion broke out, he 
was studying law in the office of Honorable Aaron Hayden, 
interested himself in recruiting for the Sixth Maine Regi- 
ment, and on the 23d of September, 1861, enlisted in the 
First Maine Cavalry, was placed in charge of the Wash- 
ington County squad, and on arrival at the rendezvous at 
Augusta was appointed captain of Company D. The follow- 
ing March, the regiment moved forward to Washington ; 
and, on arrival, he was sent by General Wadsworth, the mili- 
tary governor, to a command at Upton Hill, south of the 
Potomac, and, from this time until the close of the var, he 
was in active service, with the exception of a short sick 
leave. 

The report of the adjutant-general of Maine for 1864 and 
1865 gives a detailed account of his services, enumerating 
many of the numerous engagements in which he and his 
command had part, of which only a brief synopsis :an be 
given here, They shared the varying fortunes of the Army 
of the Potomac in advance and retreat, in reconnoissance 
raids and pitched battles, generally successful, sometimes 
repulsed, but never demoralized, sometimes dashing through 
the enemy's lines and at others sweeping beyond and around 
them. In September, 1862, Captain Smith was appointed 
provost marshal at Frederick, — a responsible position, in 
which he found the benefit of his legal education. In Jan- 



POLITICAL HISTORY 297 

uary, 1863, he returned to his regiment, of which on the 2d 
of March he was appointed major, and March 21 w^as pro- 
moted to lieutenant-colonel. Colonel Bought}' was killed at 
the battle of Oldie, June 17 ; and Lieutenant-colonel Smith 
assumed command of the regiment. At this time, he was 
participating in Stoneman's raid toward Richmond. At the 
battle of Upperville, June 21, General Kilpatrick called on 
the commanding general, Pleasanton, for the First Maine 
Cavalry to charge upon the town ; and, as the column disap- 
peared, General Kilpatrick exclaimed, " Those Maine boys 
would charge straight into hell if they were ordered to." 
The attack proved entirely successful. Lieutenant-colonel 
Smith participated in the Pennsylvania campaign, and was 
wdth the cavalry following up General Lee in his retreat 
after the battle of Gettysburg. On the 24th of July, he was 
appointed colonel of the regiment, rank to date from June 
18. During the following months, his command was en- 
gaged in numerous skirmishes and battles. On the 4th of 
May, 1864, Colonel Smith crossed the Rapidan with General 
Sheridan's command, and on the 9th started on the Rich- 
mond raid of that brilliant commander, being on the 12th 
within three miles of the city. In an action near Beaver- 
dam Station of the loth. Lieutenant-colonel Boothby was 
mortally wounded. On the 24th, Colonel Smith himself 
received a gun-shot wound in the thigh, and had two horses 
shot under him, one being disabled and the other killed. 
Mounting a third, he remained on the field until 10 p.m. 
From that time until August 20, he was absent on sick leave, 
on account of his wound. Rejoining his regiment at James 
River, he took command of the Second Brigade in absence 
of its commander, and was soon after assigned to the com- 
mand of the Third Brigade, recently formed ; October 6 
received official notice of his promotion as brevet brigadier- 
general. In the spring of 1865, General Smith was actively 



298 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

engaged in the battles and skirmishes which preceded the 
fall of Richmond. On the 7th of May, he moved to Appo- 
mattox Court-house, where his brigade held the Lynchburg 
Pike in front and in sight of Lee's army all night. At day- 
light, the brigade was within carbine range of the place 
made memorable by the signing of the capitulation. Early 
in the morning of the 9th, General Smith was attacked by 
the enemy ; but, although the struggle was for a time severe, 
he successfully fought the rebels, and held that only path of 
egress until the flag of truce announced the final surrender. 
On the nth, General Smith, with his brigade, escorted Lieu- 
tenant-general Grant and staff to Buckville Station, and at 
this time was further honored by being brevetted major-gen- 
eral. He was appointed to the command of the sub-district 
of the Appomattox, with head-quarters at Pittsburg, from 
which he was released on the 30th of July by the following 
special order : — 

Brevet Major-general C. H. Smith, Colonel ist Maine Cav- 
alry, is hereby released from the command of the sub-district of 
the Appomattox, and will proceed to Augusta, Me., to await the 
arrival of his regiment, ordered there for its final discharge from 
the service. In releasing General Smith, the commanding Gen- 
eral takes great pleasure in expressing his entire satisfaction with 
the manner in which he has performed his duties while in this 
command. By his good judgment and prudence in the conduct of 
the affairs of his sub-district, he has in another field added to the 
deservedly high reputation he had previously won on the battle- 
field. 

Having been thus released from his command, he repaired 
to Augusta, where on the nth of August, 1865, ^^ "^^^ ^^^' 
tered out of the service of the United States. 

Returning to Eastport, he formed a business copartner- 
ship, was elected State senator in September, and spent 
the winter at Augusta. Congress having passed a law creat- 



POLITICAL HISTORY 



299 



ing additional regiments in the regular army, General Smith 
was appointed colonel af the new Twenty-eighth Infantry, 
his commission dating July 28, 1866; and in 1869, by con- 
solidation, he was transferred to the Nineteenth Regiment, 
and he was subsequently promoted to brevet brigadier-gen- 
eral and brevet major-general of the regular army. From 
November, 1866, to January, 1870, he served in Arkansas, 
and was in command in that State throughout the reconstruc- 
tion period. His later service has been in Louisiana, Colo- 







rado, and Kansas, and for the last half-dozen years on the 
Texas frontier, with occasional attendance at Washington on 
court-martial and other duty. He still regards Eastport as 
his home, and, whenever the opportunity occurs, avails him- 
self of his privilege of voting here. 

Two of our townsmen, whose service as representatives to 
the legislature have already been noticed, were also members 
of the executive council of the State. Honorable Timothy 
Pilsbury was a member of Governor Lincoln's council in 
1828 and again of Governor Dunlap's council in 1836, and 



300 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Judge Burgin was in Governor Huntoon's council in 1830. 
Besides these, General Charles Peavey, a Democrat in poli- 
tics, was chosen a member of Governor Smith's council in 
1831-32. He was son of James and Mary (Nutter) Peavey, 
born at Newington, N.H., Dec. i, 1790, and came to East- 
port in 1804 as an apprentice to his brother. Captain John N. 
Peavey, who was a master carpenter and builder. The ap- 
prentice system, which is now nearly a thing of the past, 
was then and for many years after in general practice ; and 
Mr. Sabine says that young Charles Peavey w^as the first 
apprentice to mechanical business in Eastport. Coming to 
his majority, he for a time continued in the same business, 
but later in life acquired large landed interests in Eastern 
Maine and the neighboring provinces, which took up his 
whole time and attention. He was interested in military 
matters, and by rapid promotion became brigadier-general of 
the First Brigade of the Seventh Division of the militia of 
Maine. After the death of Doctor Ayer, he was appointed 
surveyor of the port of Eastport by President Jackson, and 
at the expiration of his term reappointed by President Van 
Buren. He died at Machias, Oct. 17, 1854. 

Of the forty-five men noticed in the foregoing sketches, 
ten w^ere natives of Eastport, five of other towns of Wash- 
ington County, and thirteen from other parts of the State, 
making twenty-eight natives of Maine in all, eleven from 
Massachusetts, four from New Hampshire, one from Ver- 
mont, and one from out of the country, — L. F. Delesdernier, 
who was born in Nova Scotia. The average age of the 
whole number at the time of service was about forty-two 
years. J. T. Pike, the youngest, was chosen soon after his 
twenty-eighth birthday, and Oliver Shead, Aaron Hayden, 
Thomas J. Jones, and B. F. Kilby before they were thirty. 
J. M. Livermore at thirty-three was the youngest of our sen- 
ators. Seward B. Hume, a member of the Senate at the 



POLITICAL HISTORY 



301 



time of his decease, and George H. Robbins, at the close of 
his last term as representative, were the oldest of our legis- 
lators. There are two groups of father and son, Daniel 
Kilby and W. H. Kilby, Benjamin B. Leavitt and S. D. 
Leavitt ; two of brothers, Isaac Hobbs and Frederick Hobbs, 
Humphrey Pike and Jabez T. Pike ; and four of brothers- 
in-law, George W. McLellan and A. Hayden, Joseph Gunni- 
son and J. M. Livermore, J. M. Livermore and C. H. Smith, 
and Humphrey Pike and Asa Bucknam. Jonathan Bartlett 
and George H. Robbins were uncle and nephew; and Samuel 
Bucknam and Asa Bucknam, Aaron Hayden and Thomas G. 
Jones, were cousins. 




CHAPTER VII. 
EARLY EASTPORT SCHOOLS. 

BY DANIEL T. GRANGER. 

The dedication of the Boynton School on the 28th of 
May, 1847, was an important event in the history of public 
schools in Eastport, and was made the occasion for special 
services. For several years there had been dissatisfaction 
with the town school system. The people had not been un- 
mindful of the importance of good educational privileges; 
and private schools of excellent character had been main- 
tained for several years, and kept in the roops under Tres- 
cott Hall. There was, however, a growing feeling that the 
public schools ought to be made equal to the educational 
wants of the community; and when, in 1846, the Old South 
School-house was burned, and it became necessary to build 
another, advantage was taken of the circumstance to inaugu- 
rate a better system. The Boynton School-house, built upon 
the site which was given to the district by Caleb Boynton, 
one of the original pioneers, and upon which had stood the 
" Old South " as well as an earlier predecessor which had 
also been burned, was fitted for the high school, the head of 
the new system. The teachers appointed were Frederic 
Vinton, principal ; Miss Annie Webster, Miss Frances M. 
Foster, Miss Hannah Hinkley, assistants. The school com- 
mittee of the town consisted of Rev. Kendall Brooks, Jr., 
chairman, Daniel T. Granger, Aaron Hayden, Leonard Pea- 
body, William Henry Kilby. At the dedication, Mr. Gran- 



EARLY EASTPORT SCHOOLS 



3^3 



ger* delivered an address, the historical portions of which 
were as follows : — 

Standing here this day for the interesting purposes which 
have now been indicated, it is quite natural, and seems to 
me not inappropriate to the occasion, to cast back a glance 
upon the past ; and I have imagined that some brief and 




BOYNTON SCHOOL-HOUSE, BUILT 1847. 

rapid notices of the history of our town from its earliest 
periods, in its connection with schools, would not be without 
interest to you. 

For many years after the first inhabitants planted them- 
selves on this island, there w^as nothing like public schools ; 

* Daniel T. Granger was born at Saco, Me., July i8, 1807, was graduated at Bow- 
doin College in 1822, read law in the office of John and Ether Shepley at Saco, and was 
admitted to the bar of York County in 1S29. Coming to Eastport in 1S33, he associated 
himself with Frederic Hobbs, and continued in the practice of his profession and a resi- 



304 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

nor should we expect to find them. There was not, at first, 
the immigration of large numbers, — the springing up at once 
of a populous and well-organized community ; nor, after the 
first settlements, was the increase for many years a rapid 
one. Moose Island was for some time a mere fishing sta- 
tion, to which those engaged in taking fish were attracted by 
the advantages offered by its local position for prosecuting 
their employment. The first settlements were made about 
the time of the close of the Revolutionary War, comprising 
four or five families ; and at the time of the incorporation of 
the town of Eastport, in 1798, there were probably on this 
island less than three hundred inhabitants. Up to this 
period, the only advantages of education enjoyed by the chil- 
dren were such as could be derived from the occasional 
labors of some individual who was induced to vary his ordi- 
nary occupation by an attempt at teaching. 

For the facts which I am about to state in relation to the 
schools here prior to the incorporation of the town, I am in- 
debted to the kindness of one of our citizens,* who has wit- 
nessed the progress of the place almost from the first days 
of its municipal existence. I shall give the information de- 
rived from him in nearly his own words. " As far as I can 
ascertain," he says, " the first school that was kept on the 
island was taught by Mrs. Bell, from New Market, N.H. I 
can" find no one who can remember the exact date of the 
school ; but from some circumstances there is, I think, no 
doubt that it was between the years 1784 and 1788. The 
building occupied for the school stood in a central part of 
the salt-works plat, but has long since been demolished. 
This school consisted of small children mostly. 

dent of the town until his decease, Dec. 27, 1854. He had been appointed judge of the 
Supreme Judicial Court of the State by Governor Crosby, but on account of the state of 
his health declined the honor. By his death the town lost an able and exemplary citizen, 
and the cause of education and sound morals an intelligent and earnest friend. 

* Probably the late Jerry Burgin. — k. 



EARLY EASTPORT SCHOOLS 305 

" I cannot find that there was any other school kept on 
Moose Island until about the years 1793 and 1794, when a 
man by the name of Greenwood kept what was called a 
school, in a small house standing on Water Street, near the 
foot of Boynton Street. The house was about sixteen by 
thirty feet, divided into two rooms, and wholly unfinished. 
One room was used as a tavern and bar-room, while the 
other was appropriated to the school. Mr. Greenwood was 
the proprietor of both, and performed the duties of landlord 
and bar-keeper in one and teacher of youth in the other, in 
a sort of interchangeable service. And although he may 
probably have intended to spend the larger portion of his 
time in the school-room during the hours appropriated for 
teaching, yet he would occasionally hear the call of some of 
the patrons of the other room, — ' Here, old man, fill this 
pitcher ! ' And, as that side of the house was the most diffi- 
cult to please, he would very promptly obey the summons ; 
while the scholars were not unwilling to dispense with his 
services for a season, and during his absence, by way of 
variety, would recreate themselves with an eight-handed reel, 
and, as the music was by general chorus, it would often serve 
for both rooms. We have no certain information as to the 
proficiency made in this school in the elements, but believe 
that those who sat under Mr. Greenwood's tuition remember 
it more for the singular combination of duties undertaken 
by the teacher, and their somewhat uncommon amusements, 
than for any great amount of learning acquired." 

After this there seems to have been no school here until 
the town was incorporated. This event took place, as I have 
already stated, in 1798. The first efforts of the town in its 
municipal capacity were not marked by a very enlarged pro- 
vision for the wants of the children. At a meeting of the 
inhabitants in November, 1798, the question of raising money 
for schools came up; and the record sets forth that, "having 



3o6 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

discussed on raising money for the support of schools, it was 
put to vote by the question, Shall money be raised ? when it 
passed in the negative." Another vote, passed at the same 
meeting, may perhaps be considered as presenting a somewhat 
singular contrast with that just quoted : '^ that money should 
be raised for procuring powder, ball, flints, and camp-kettles, 
agreeably to law, for the militia and defence of the town." 
It seems not then to have been so well understood as it has 
been since that there are no fortifications for the protection 
of a people to be compared to good schools. As the law 
then stood, all towns containing fifty families were required 
to maintain schools for the teaching of certain enumerated 
branches of study, and " decent behavior," for such a term 
of time as should be equivalent to six months for one school 
in each year, under a pecuniary penalty for neglecting so to 
do ; and the amount of the requisition was increased in pro- 
portion to the number of families. But perhaps it should be 
mentioned that the town was quickened in its duty, in rela- 
tion to "the militia and defence of the town," by a present- 
ment of the grand jury for their neglect sooner to vote 
money for those purposes ; for, at this very meeting, the 
record states that a letter was presented to the moderator by 
the foreman of the jury, giving notice of the presentment. 
Whereat the indignation of the town was much roused, and 
the selectmen were directed to reply to the letter, and say 
that the town regarded the presentment as an insult. 

At its incorporation, Eastport embraced within its limits 
the present town of Lubec, and continued of that extent 
until 1811, when a separation took place. While this con- 
nection lasted, the provision made for schools by the town 
seems not to have been of a very liberal character. We have 
already seen what was the action of the town on this subject 
during the first year of its existence. At its annual meeting, 
in 1799, it voted to raise one hundred dollars for the support 



EARLY EASTPORT SCHOOLS 



307 



of schools, having then a population of some five hundred 
inhabitants. From the period of its incorporation until the 
division of the town, the amount raised for schools gives an 
average of one hundred and seventy-five dollars only a year. 
In one instance only did the amount exceed two hundred 
and fifty dollars, and that was in the last year of the connec- 
tion, when a vote was obtained to raise six hundred dollars. 
While in nine of the years the sum did not exceed two hun- 
dred dollars, twice it was only one 
hundred dollars, and in 1798 and i 




OLD SOUTH SCHOOL, HAY SCALE, AND TOWN PUMP SIXTY YEARS AGO. 



1803 none was raised at all; and yet from 1800 to 1810 the 
population had increased from five hundred to fifteen hun- 
dred inhabitants. 

It is manifest, however, from an inspection of the records, 
and deserves to be mentioned, that this state of things was 
far from satisfactory to that portion of the town which was 
comprised in Moose Island ; for in 1807 an act of the legis- 
lature was obtained, authorizing the inhabitants of the school 
districts here to raise money for the support of schools, in 
addition to that raised by the town. Under the provisions of 
this act, the inhabitants of this district, during the remaining 



3o8 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

years of the connection between Eastport and Lubec, did 
vote money for schools, varying in amount from fifty to four 
hundred dollars, as the sum raised by the town was more 
or less ; and this practice was continued for several years 
after the island was restored to the United States in 1818. 
During the period just indicated (from 1807 to 18 12), this 
district raised for schools seven hundred and fifty dollars, 
in addition to the money voted by the town for the same 
purposes, besides the sum of twelve hundred and seventy- 
five dollars for the erection and repair of a school-house, in 
which, however, is included one hundred and twenty dollars 
appropriated for the purchase and putting up of the bell that 
for thirty- five years rang out its sharp note from the "Old 
South," but which was partially melted and broken in the 
conflagration of that building, and was afterward stolen. 

In the year succeeding the separation of Lubec and East- 
port, our town raised for schools four hundred dollars, and 
this district raised the additional sum of five hundred and fifty 
dollars, and voted to maintain a man's school the whole year, 
and two women's schools to continue as long as the money 
raised would admit. The declaration of war with Great 
Britain was made, as you all know, in June of that year. 
Upon the fact becoming known here, the public schools seem 
to have been abandoned by common consent. The town 
immediately voted to pay out of its funds three dollars a 
month to the officers and privates stationed here, in addition 
to their regular government pay, and shortly after appropri- 
ated for this purpose the money which had been raised at 
the preceding annual meeting for schools. From this time, 
no money was raised by the town for schools until after 
the restoration of the island, nor by tlte district until the 
spring previous to that event, when, in anticipation of it, 
they voted the sum of six hundred dollars for the purpose, 
and directed their committee in the words of the record to 



EARLY EASTPORT SCHOOLS 309 

** procure one master and two good women to keep schools 
to the best advantage." After the declaration of war, and 
while the island was in possession of the British troops, the 
town maintained its municipal organization, held its annual 
meetings for town purposes as usual, and there is no inter- 
ruption in its records. There is a hiatus in the records of 
the district, from May, 1812, to January, 18 15, when we 
find a correspondence between the district committee and 
Colonel Gubbins commanding the British forces here, in 
relation to the " Old South." In this correspondence, the 
district committee state that the school-house on the capture 
of the island was appropriated by the British troops for a 
barrack, but that on application to the then commandant, 
Lieutenant-colonel Pilkington, the troops were immediately 
withdrawn from it ; that, under Colonel Gubbins, it had 
again been converted into a barrack, and at the date of 
their letter was fitted up by the British officers for a theatre. 
The purpose of their letter was to ask that the house might 
be restored to the control of the committee. Colonel Gub- 
bins replied that its occupation for theatrical purposes had 
been approved by some of the principal inhabitants ; that 
some expense had been incurred in fitting it up, and he 
could not then comply with their wishes, but that he would 
embrace the first opportunity of doing so. In the following 
year, the house was again under control of the district, and 
so remained afterward. 

Prior to 1801, as the records show, there was no division 
of the town into school districts ; but in that year such a 
division was made, and two were formed on Moose Island, 
called the North and South districts, the line of division 
being " the line of Joseph Clark's land," which corresponds 
with the present northern boundary of this district. These 
remained unchanged until 18 19, when the North district was 
divided by the "line of the Holmes and Lane lots," which 



3IO EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

is still the northern limit of the Middle district. In the fol- 
lowing year, the North was again divided; but in 1825 the 
two districts thus formed, which were called the North and 
North Middle, were again united. Our school districts have 
remained unchanged from that time until the present. An 
attempt was made in 1834 to abolish all districts, making 
but one of the whole town ; but it did not then meet with 
any favor. The time is not distant, however, when this will 
probably be accomplished. If our success in the undertaking 
on which we now enter shall be such as our hopes and wishes 
inspire us with the belief that it will be, it will be fitting 
and proper that all the children within our limits, who have 
been sufficiently advanced in the rudiments, shall have the 
privileges which this school will afford, making all the other 
public schools in the town preparatory to this. And it is 
believed that the schools may be so classified, and such an 
amount of qualification required for admission, that all who 
merit it shall have the benefit of the privileges to be enjoyed 
here without overcrowding these rooms. 

To one who examines our early records, it may perhaps 
seem quite singular that, while at the annual meeting in 1799 
a vote was passed for building two pounds, nothing appears 
on record in relation to a school-house until two years after- 
ward, and then an article in the warrant for the annual meet- 
ing, " to see if the town will build any school-houses, how 
much money they will raise, and in what manner," seems to 
have been passed by in silence. It is to be considered, how- 
ever, that up to the year 1800 there had been no legislation 
in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts specially upon the 
subject of the erection of school-houses ; nor was any obli- 
gation in this respect imposed upon towns, or any power 
conferred upon them, other than such as arose from the 
general duty to maintain schools. In that year, an act was 
passed, authorizing school districts to raise money for the 



EARLY EASTPORT SCHOOLS 



311 



purpose of building school-houses ; and at the meeting of 
the town just spoken of, in 1801, the division into districts 
took place, and the subject of school-houses thenceforward 
fell within the cognizance of the district and not the town. 
Our district records do not go back farther than 1807. 
Hence we have no record of the action of the district in 
relation to the erection of the first school-house ; but we 
learn from those who were then inhabitants that it was built 
on the spot on which we now stand. The lot for the pur- 
pose, forty by sixty feet, was given to the district by Mr. 
Caleb Boynton, who was one of the original proprietors of 
the island. The lot has 
been enlarged by sub- 
sequent purchases. The 
house was a small one, 
twenty-four by twenty- 
one feet. It was burned 
in the winter of 1808-9 
in the night time. Prior 
to its erection, the pub- 
lic school was kept in a 
building near Aqueduct 
Wharf, not now stand- 
ing. 

In February, 1809, 
the district raised five 
hundred dollars for the purpose of replacing that which had 
just been burned by a building, as the record states, " on 
an enlarged plan, not exceeding forty by thirty feet " ; and 
the committee were authorized to erect one of two stories 
"in conjunction with any who will pay the extra expense or 
on such terms as they may think proper," the object un- 
doubtedly being to have a hall in the second story. The 
house, however, was built of one story, forty by twenty-four 




Named for Rev. Kendall Brooks, Jr., previously 
Chairman of the School Committee. Rev. Dr. 
Brooks now resides at Kalamazoo, Mich., hav- 
ing retired after several years' service as Pres- 
ident of Kalamazoo College. 



312 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

feet ; and in the following year an additional five hundred 
dollars was raised for completing it. .This seems to have 
been the only school-house in the district until 1820, when 
the south district was divided into three wards, and fifteen 
hundred dollars were raised for building a school-house in 
each ; and these are the houses on Fort Hill, below the cove, 
and that in the rear of the building we now occupy, and 
which has been familiarly known as the " Old South Junior." 
An effort was made in 1826, and seems for a year or two 
to have been followed up with some vigor and perseverance, 
to erect a school-house worthy of the district, and to estab- 
lish a system of schools that should better answer the pur- 
poses of education than had hitherto been attained. In that 
year, a committee was raised to consider the expediency of 
establishing monitorial schools. At the succeeding annual 
meeting, this committee made a report favorable to the estab- 
lishment of such schools, and the district voted to adopt 
that system, if funds could be obtained to erect a suitable 
house ; and a committee was then raised to see if funds could 
be obtained. . . . How it happened that this project, which 
was entered upon with such spirit and earnestness, and was 
followed up for more than a 3'ear with such zeal, and which 
many of the inhabitants of enlightened views on the subject 
of education were really desirous of seeing accomplished, — 
how it happened that it came to so "lame and impotent 
conclusion," I am not informed. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

EARLY ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF 
EASTPORT. 

FROM THE UNPUBLISHED PAPERS OF THE LATE LORENZO SABINE.* 

There was but one settled minister east of the Penobscot, 
or, indeed, of the St. George, before the Revolution. 

The first was the Rev. James Lyon, who accepted a call at 
Machias in 1772, and who continued his labors at that place 
upward of thirty years. It is related that he had a singular 
defect of vision, not being able to distinguish between the 
colors of black and red ; and that " he once purchased a 
piece of scarlet cloth for the purpose of making himself a 
coat, thinking it to be black, until apprised by his wife that it 
would be much more suitable for a British officer than a 
dress-coat for a clergyman." 

As late as 1790, the number of ordained clergymen be- 
tween the Penobscot and the Passamaquoddy was but three, 
though at this time there were twenty-one incorporated towns 
and eight plantations within these limits. 

The first house for public worship on the island " was 
erected by a few individuals at the bend of the road a little 
north of the burying-ground " in 1794; but there was no 
settled minister in town for many years afterward. Relig- 
ious instruction was given in this house by missionaries and 
itinerant preachers until the capture, in 18 14, when it was 
removed bv the British to the corner of Hio:h and Bovnton 

* This fragment appears to have been written in 1847 or 184S, when Mr. Sabine had 
planned a complete history of the town. — k. 



314 



EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 



Streets, and occupied by clergymen of the Episcopal com- 
munion, under the auspices of the captors.* 

This building appears to have been the only one appro- 
priated to sacred uses for this section for several years. 
People came here from the neighboring islands, from the 
main on the American side of the Passamaquoddy, and even 
from St. George, New Brunswick. The distant worshippers 
brought food for the day, and sometimes, detained by fogs 
and adverse winds, lodged in their boats. The women ap- 
peared in church in short loose gowns, and with aprons or 
handkerchiefs tied over their heads. 

" In 1807, an association of eighteen persons, without re- 
gard to theolog- 
ical differences 
of opinion, pur- 
chased a lot of 
land where the 
Methodist meet- 
ing-house now 
stands, and pro- 

MOOSE ISLAND MEETING-HOUSE, BUILT 1794. 

for a large house 
of public worship ; but the passage of the embargo laws in 
the winter of 1807-8 defeated the object, and the materials 
were disposed of." 

An effort to settle a minister appears to have been made 
as early as the year 1800, when the question whether Mr. 
James Murphy of Steuben should receive a call, and be 
maintained bv a town tax, was submitted to the inhabitants 
in town meeting. The vote was in the negative \ and in 




* Winslow Bates and William D. Dana remember attending the service of the Church 
of England, conducted in the old meeting-house by Parson Aiken, the post chaplain at 
the time of the British occupation. There was no inside finish except the high-backed 
pews and about the pulpit, and no provision for warming. Mr. Bates says it was after- 
ward sold at auction, and purchased by his father for sixteen dollars, then used as a place 



EARLY ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY 



315 



1810 the Rev. Thomas Green, of North Yarmouth, was in- 
vited by the town to labor for one year " for five dollars each 
Sabbath with the contributions and seven dollars for each 
Sabbath without them." The town voted two hundred dol- 
lars. The committee — Oliver Shead, Aaron Hayden, Joseph 
Clark, Jr., John N. Peavey, and Jonathan D. Weston — re- 
mark in their letter that religious opinions were various, and 
that from the inquiries they had made they " knew of no 
gentleman more likely to please all and unite the different 
persuasions." 

Thus far no sectarian preferences seem to have been in- 
dulged ; but in 181 1 a subscription was opened for the sup- 
port of a " Congregationalist minister." As this paper is 
probably the only memorial which has been preserved of 
some of the subscribers, and as it marks the period of the 
second denominational division, it is here inserted : — 



The subscribers agree to pay the sums annexed to their names 
toward supporting a Congregationalist minister to preach in this 
place as long as the whole subscription will pay one. 

^ Eastport, 7th May, i8ri. 

$5 GO 

7 00 
5 00 
5 00 

5 GO 

IG 00 

5 GO 

5 GG 

19 GO 

5 GG 

2 GG 

7 50 

5 GO 
4 GG 



Jona D. Weston 


$15 00 


John Swett 


Jabez Mowry & Co 


, ~~3©-i20 


Daniel Garland 


B D Prince 


15 GO 


"--John W^ood 


N B & S Bucknam 


2G GG 


Dartiel Powers 


Josiah Dana 


15 GO 


Solomon Rice 


Samuel Maclay 


10 00 


J. W. Baxter 


Samuel Hall 


IG GG 


Wm. Hills 


Isaac Lakeman 


IG GG 


John Buck 


Zebulon Brown 


5 GO 


En Steele 


Joseph Sumner 


5 GO 


Oliver Shead 


Edward Baker 


10 GG 


L F Delesdenier Jr 


Amos Johnson 


5 GO 


J. Bartlett 


J. W. Cushing 


IG GG 


Jesse Stephenson 


William Frost 


5 GG 


Sam'l Woodworth 



for shows and exhibitions, there being no other suitable place in town. Later, it became 
Willard Childs's stable, and in 1840 was taken down and a portion of its material was used 
in the construction of the house on Accommodation Street afterward owned and occu- 
pied by Captain John Beckford. — k. 



3i6 



EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 



Geo. Hobbs 


$500 


Robert Dutch 


$500 


Horatio G. Balch 


3 00 


Amasa Cheney 


5 GO 


Perley Parker 


5 00 


Anthony Brooks 


8 00 


Thos. H. Woodward 


10 GO 


Rufus Hallowell 


2 GO 


Jereh F. Young 


5 GO 


James Goold 


5 00 


Anna Young 


5 GO 


Wm Coney 


5 GO 


John Webster 


5 GO 


Samuel Brown 


2 GO 


Samuel Buck 


5 GO 


Joshua Harriss 


5 GO 






George Norton 


5 GO 


Total 


$327 50 


In 1811, a second 


effort was 


made to erect a meeting- 



house by an association of individuals, who purchased the lot 
now occupied by the Unitarian church, and contracted with 
Moses Hovev of Machias to furnish the materials, and built 
an edifice " equal to the Tuscan order of architecture," 
sixty feet long, forty-six feet wide, and twenty-eight feet 
high, with a " cupola dome and short spire," an arched ceil- 
ing, galleries, and a handsome sounding-board over the pul- 
pit. The founders, whose names appear in the contract, are : 
Jonathan D. Weston, Esquire ; Benjamin Bucknam, Seward 
Bucknam, Jibenezer Steele, merchants ; John Wood, gentle- 
man ; Asa Fowler, joiner ; Thomas Green, Robert Dutch, 
merchants ; Daniel Garland, gentleman ; Thomas H. Wood- 
ward, Jonathan Bartlett, Daniel Powers, Abijah Gregory, 
merchants ; William Cony, gentleman; James Goold, baker; 
Edward Baker, Ezekiel Prince, merchants ; John Webster, 
trader ; John W. C. Baxter, physician ; Jabez Mowry, Isaac 
Lakeman, Amasa Cheney, merchants ; and Otis Lincoln, 
yeoman, all of Eastport. The frame was nearly completed 
at Machias early in 18 12, but the war put an end to the 
undertaking. The Rev. Ephraim Abbot was, however, em- 
ployed to preach a part of the last-mentioned year, to — as 
appears by his bill of services — " The Congregational So- 
ciety in Eastport." 

The foundation of the First Congregational, or Unitarian, 



EARLY ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY 



Z^l 



Meeting-house, Shackford Street, was laid in the fall of 1818 ; 
and in the following year the building was completed. The 
following is a copy of the agreement under which the house 
was erected : — 



We the subscribers form 
company for the purpose of 



and building a 



Meetingf-House 



Moose Island, June 4th, 1S18. 
ourselves into a 
purchasing a lot 
for the use of a 
We further 
number of shares 
at one hundred 
vided the cost 
estimate we are 
shares. Bonds or 
subscriber for the 




Congregational minister, 
agree to take and pay for the 
affixed to our names estimated 
dollars each share — and pro- 
exceeds or falls short of such 
to pay in proportion to our 
notes are to be given by each 
amount of his subscription to 
such person or persons as may 
be appointed for that pur- 
pose. 

Any profit that may 
arise on the sale of pews 
is to be appropriated for 
the use of the congrega- 
tion, as a majority of the 
subscribers may direct. 

We further agree that 
the building is for a 
Congregational Minister, 
such as a majority of the 
subscribers may agree to 

hire or settle for a limited time or for life, without reference to 
any party or particular denomination of Congregationalists. 

And we further agree to be bound by the decision of the major- 
ity of the subscribers in all matters pertaining to the premises. 

Robert Little, 
Solomon Rice, 
Ezekiel Prince, 
Leonard Pierce, 



FIRST CONGREGATIONAL MEETING-HOUSE, 
BUILT 1S19. 



Three 


Shares 


One 


do 


Two 


do 


One & one-half 


do 



3i8 



EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 



George Hobbs, 

Anthony Brooks & John Webster, 

Ezra Whitney, 

N. B. & S. Bucknam, 

J. Bartlett, 

Jacob Penniman, 

Stephen Thacher, 

Henry By ram, 

Ezra T. Bucknam, 

Worster Tuttle, 

Thomas Haycock, 

Gideon Stetson, 

Joseph Whelpley, 

Jesse Gleason, 

Warren Gilmore, 

M. Hawkes, 

J. D. Weston, 

J. Milliken & Samuel White, 

Daniel Garland, 

Henry T. Emery, 

Daniel Kilby, 

Andrew Curry, 

Joshua Hinkley, 

I. R. Chadbourne, 

Samuel Starboard, 

Benj. King, 

I. Hobbs for self & T. Childs, 

Thomas Green, 

Jonas Gleason & Sam'l Stevens, 

Noah Fifield, 

A present,* 

Merrill & Veazey, 

Starboard & Rice, 

John Norton, 

Ebenezer Tuttle, 

John Milliken, Jr., 

Barney Allen transferred to 

Eben Adams, 
Daniel Aymar, 



One Sz one-half 


Shares 


One & one-half 


do 


Four 


do 


Four 


do 


Two 


do 


One & one-half 


do 


Two 


do 


One 


do 


One 


do 


Two 


do 


One 


do 


One 


do 


One 


do 


Two 


do 


One 


do 


One 


do 


One 


do 


One 


do 


One 


do 


One 


do 


One 


do 


One 


do 


One 


do 


One 


do 


One 


do 


One 


do 


One 


do 


One 


do 


One 


do 


present 


Ten dollars 




Ten dollars 


One 


Share 


One 


do 


One 


do 


One 


do 


One 


do 


One 


do 


One 


do 



Fifty-three shares in all, and the house cost $10,343.25. 
It was dedicated Jan. 13, 1820. Andrew Bigelow preached 
the sermon, R,ev. Mr. Rand officiating. 



*John Wilson of St. Andrews. 



CHAPTER IX. 

A FRONTIER MISSIONARY. 

With Extracts from the Journals and Correspondence 
OF Rev. Ephraim Abbot, Congregational Mission- 
ary TO the Passamaquoddy Townships in 
1811 AND 1812. 

[Notes by compiler,] 

The Theological School at Andover, Mass., has, since it 
began its work of educating religious teachers, sent out 
many earnest, consecrated men on missionary service to all 
parts of the world. At the very head of this long and nota- 
ble list stands the name of Ephraim Abbot, the first gradu- 
ate from the institution ; and his missionary field was the 
Passamaquoddy region. 

Ephraim Abbot was son of Benjamin and Sarah (Brown) 
Abbot, born at Newcastle, Me., Sept. 28, 1779. His father 
fought at Bunker Hill. The son was graduated at Harvard 
College in 1806, where among his classmates was William 
Pitt Preble, afterward known as a leading jurist and politi- 
cian in Maine. Mr. Abbot entered the Andover Theologi- 
cal Seminary, then recently established, and graduated there- 
from in 1810 in the first class that left the institution, stand- 
ing alphabetically at the head of the list. In his own report, 
he says: "In June, 181 1, I received an appointment from 
the Society for Propagating the Gospel among Indians and 
others to perform a mission of two months in the eastern 



320 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

parts of Maine. In this mission and in another mission 
from the same society for two months, which I commenced 
in March, 1812, I visited almost every house east of Machias 
in Washington County." 

By the favor of Mr. Abbot's family, the principal parts of 
the journals which he kept while engaged in these missions 
are repeated here, supplemented by extracts from his private 
letters written at the time, the whole giving a graphic picture 
of the condition of the region just before the War of 18 12, as 
seen from a missionary's point of view: — 

June 26th, A.D. 181 1. Left Andover in the accommodation stage. 
. . . Thursday, June 27th, went on board Brig Elder Snow to 
sail first to Thomaston and then to Eastport. (The wind continu- 
ing unfavorable) on the 30th the LORD'S day, went to Mr Sam- 
uel Abbots on shore & went to meeting. In the morning I 
heard a discourse on the character of St Paul by the Roman 
Catholic Bishop Chivereau. In the afternoon I heard a discourse 
on the character of the pure in heart by Mr Osgood a missionary. 
The discourse was delivered in the Reverend Huntingdon's meet- 
ing house. In the evening I heard a discourse by Dr Griffin in 
the Park street meeting house on the sufficiency of Christ. Mon- 
day P.M. went on board [the description of the voyage is omitted] 
and next Sabbath July 7th beat up past West Quoddy Head and 
came to anchor six miles below Eastport, and held two religious 
services on board with all who were pleased to attend. 

On Monday July 8th I came to Moose Island in a boat, dined at 
Mr Chipman's tavern. After dinner I called on Mrs Weston, and 
Mrs Holmes, found them very serious and I trust good people. 
They wish very much to have a Congregational minister settled 
among them. The majority of the people of the Congregational 
persuasion would be pleased to have a man of such sentiments as 
Dr Kirkland would recommend, yet there are some who would 
be pleased with a man of the Hopkinsian denomination. This 
town not being considered missionary ground [meaning probably 
that the people were able to support their own religious institu- 
tions] I left it, at 4 P.M., and went on board Mr Spooner's boat 



A FRONXrER MISSIONARY 32 1 

to sail with him to Robbinston, but the viincl dying after we had 
proceeded a few miles, and the tide being against us, we went 
on shore and lodged at a public house kept by a Mr Kendal.* 
Next morning, after toiling at our oars until ten o'clock, we went 
on shore at No. i f and took breakfast at a public house kept by 
a Mr Swett. In our passage from Mr Kendal's to Mr Swett's, 
we passed by Pleasant Point where is an Indian settlement. 
They have a Roman Catholic priest residing amongst them, whose 
name is Romagne. He is said to be a very worthy man. Many 
of the Indians are said to abstain from ardent liquors, and to 
be prudent, exemplary and religious characters. Just before we 
arrived at Pleasant Point, we heard their bell calling them to 
morning prayers, and heard them chant their morning service. 
Their meeting house is a large white building. I presume nearly 
as large and handsome as Phillips Academy I [Andover]. Their 
houses are built in three rows, most of them small, some of them 
in the form of a cone. Most built in the English fashion are 
covered with bark. ... As \ve passed the Point they came out 
from prayers, and came to the shore and saluted us with the dis- 
charge of a swivel. The report was very loud, and the echo 
exceeded anything of the kind I ever heard. The sound was hke 
distant thunder, passing between the distant islands, and con- 
tinued probably more than a minute, to my apprehension nearly 
as loud as the first report. About noon we arrived at General 
Brewer's. In the afternoon I was introduced to Maj Trescott 
Collector of Eastport, and Mr LeDernier the former Collector. 
I was also introduced to Esq Vose and Esq Balkam who with 
General Brewer received me very kindly. I was also introduced 
to Esq Pike of Calls. All these gentlemen received me very 
cordially. Mess Brewer Vose and Balkam accompanied me to 
the meeting house, and there they agreed that on Thursday after- 
noon at 4 oclock we should have a lecture at the m.eeting house. 
July loth. This day General Brewer and Esq Vose very kindly 

'At Kendal's Head. 

t Township No. i was incorporated in 18 iS with the name of Perry. 

% In seeing this building from the water, Mr. Abbot evidently overestimated its size. 
It was built by the Commonwealth; and Thomas Eastman, of Dennysville, was master 
workman. 



32 2 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

accompanied me to Mr Jones's and Mr Bugbee's, two aged men 
who from the first settlement of the town have assembled every 
LORD'S day as many of the inhabitants as would meet them; at 
first in some private house, and since the building of the meeting 
house in that. Their custom is to read some select discourse, 
and to perform the other parts of worship as is usual in congrega- 
tional societies. These aged gentlemen appear to be sensible and 
very devout men. This day I was introduced to Col Wire * and 
Mr Jack from St Andrews who dined at General B's. . . . July ii. 
This day preached a lecture in the meeting house from Corinthi- 
ans 2d. 2d. . . . It rained and there was not a large assembly per- 
haps 70 people. They appeared solemn and attentive. 14th. 
Preached in the meeting house to about 100 people who were 
very attentiv^e. From meeting I went to Mr Jones's spent the 

afternoon and evening in religious 

conversation and hearing his grand 

-- ~ children read in the Bible & recite 

their catechism, some of which I 

endeavored to explain to them. 15th. 

' " '"'"^ Called on Mrs McKean, Mrs Brown 

BREWER HOUSE ROBBiNSTON, BUILT ^^ ^j^.g p^jj aftcrwards On iAIr Bug- 

1791. ' c? 

bee ; the old gentleman accompanied 
me to the school in his neighborhood. The instructress is a Miss 
Waterhouse from Machias. Her school consists of 25 children. 
Lads and misses under twelve years. The w^oman appeared very 
capable to teach her school. Three children read in the testament 
and the rest read in the spelling book. There were three primers 
in school. She said there were no more primmers to be had in 
town. I then visited the house of Mr Samuel Jones. ... I next 
called at the house of Mr Hezekiah Jones. He was shaving 
shingles at the door but did not go in to converse with me. I 
went into the house and conversed with his wife and her sister 
a wndow who has seen much trouble. . . . Night was approaching 
and I had to walk three miles to my lodgings at Gen Brewer's. 
Mr Bugbee had accompanied me all the afternoon. I arrived at 
Esq Vose's much fatigued. I took tea with them and went to 
my lodgings. I hope GOD will bless the truths I have this day 
spoken (16) visited a private school in the neighborhood. (i8th) 

* Colonel Thomas Wver. 




A FRONTIER MISSIONARY 



323 



visited the families of Mr Potall Mr Parker, Mr Brooks, and Mr 
Balkam and conversed on religious subjects. 

July 19 — Friday. Left Robbinston about 9 in the morning 
& arrived at Calis 12^. (20th) Preparing for the sabbath ; (21st) 
preached two sermons from I Cor 2, 2 in a house belonging to 
Mr Willet. There were as many as 150 persons present. They 
were well dressed, and apparently very intelligent people seriously 
attentive to the religious exercises. Thursday preached a lecture 
at the house of a widow Sherman. . . . Mr McCall,* a minister of 
the Methodist denomination, who has preached for many years 
at St Stephen & who generally attends the funerals at Calis, and 
whose meeting many of the Calis people attend when they have 
no meeting in Calis, was present and made a prayer after the 
sermon. He is much esteemed in Calis as a prudent exemplary 
and pious man. 

July 24 — Wednesday. Rode up the St Croix about 7 miles 
on the St Stephen side to William Vance Esq's. Dined with 
him and crossed the river into No 6 and preached in his barn a 
discourse to above 50 people belonging to No 6 Sc 7 excepting 
a few from Calis and some carpenters and other laborers in the 
employ of Esq Vance. Text Prov 23, 7. In No 6 f & 7 there 
are 18 families consisting of about a hundred persons, old and 
young. They are destitute of meetings schools and books. Esq 
Vance informs me that there are not more than four or five bibles 
in both townships. There are besides the bibles a few testaments 
and mutilated bibles. ... I had promised Esq Vance a few days 
before the lecture that I would come and preach, and he sent in- 
formation to all the families in both townships. In the two fam- 
ilies furthest up the river and farthest from the place of meeting, 
there are three women, all of whom are barefoot because they 
have no shoes. After they were invited to attend the meeting, 
said if Esq Vance had sent them some shoes they would have 
come. . . . 

* Rev. Duncan McColl, of St. Stephen, states in his diary for iSii, as reported in 
Knowltcn's History of Calais, that " the people at Calais have employed Rev. Mr. 
Abbod a Congregationalist to preach for them." 

t No. 6 was incorporated in 1825, and called Baring, and No. 7 " Alexander," in 1835. 
These were included in the Bingham purchase, and were so named for Alexander Baring, 
one of the Bingham heirs, who afterward became Lord Ashburton. 



324 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

A number of pages are taken up with accounts of several 
schools in Calais, which Mr. Abbot visited with Mr. Jones 
Dyer and Captain Downes, selectmen of the town, giving 
statistics of attendance, school-books, etc. 

July 27 — Saturday p.m. Came from Calls to Robbinston on 
horseback. Road so poor that by far the greater part of the way 
two horses cannot go abreast. The distance is said to be about 
12 miles. From Mr Pettygroves in Calls to General Brewers in 
Robbinston it Is said to be 7^ miles, and there is no family be- 
tween and excepting a peice of two or three acres on which the 
trees are lately cut down, both sides of the path are covered with 
trees of the original growth. 

July 28 — LORDS day. Preached at Robbinston In the meet- 
ing house two discourses John 15th 24th. Seven gentlemen and 
ladies had come from Calls to attend the meeting, and several 
persons from No i township. The whole assembly consisting of 
about 200 souls. 

July 29th. Visited the house of Mr Stanhope and conversed 
with Mrs S., Mr S. not at home. Visited also Mrs Boyes who 
is a serious woman & an Episcopalian. Visited also Mrs Ma- 
lona & her daughter Mrs Ball, whose husband * is under sen- 
tence of death. Both of the women appear serious, and find com- 
fort in prayer. Visited Mr Stlckneys family. Mr S is a Metho- 
dist apparently a serious man. He had his house burnt not long 
ao:o, and with his house almost all his household furniture, and 
his Bible and some other good books. He has nine children 
seven of which he hopes will go to school next winter ; six of 
them must read in the spelling book, and they have but one copy. 
Thursday Aug ist. Preached a lecture at Mr Ziba Boyden's. His 
wife's mother is an aged woman unable to attend meeting at the 
meeting-house, which is six miles distant, and the road very bad. 
About 25 people attended the meeting. Text Luke 23 — 43. 
Mess Bugbee, Vose and Balkam accompanied me to the lecture. . . 

Friday August 2d. Left Robbinston to go to Dennysville, in 

*Ebenezer Ball was executed at Castine, Oct. 31, 181 1, for shooting John T. Downes 
on the 28th of January, same year, in the lower part of Calais, while the latter was under- 
taking to arrest him for being engaged in manufacturing counterfeit money. 



A FRONTIER MISSIONARY 



325 



company ^vith the post. Arrived at Penmaquan at 3 oclock p.m. 
Judge Lincoln had requested me to be at that place if possible 
in season to attend the funeral of a Mrs Wilder,* mother to a 
considerable part of the town. But the relations not expecting 
me had sent to Eastport, and invited a Mr Clarke a Baptist candi- 
date to come and preach on the occasion. When I arrived Mr 
Clarke had almost concluded his discourse. I was well pleased 
at being thus relieved from preaching at that time, as I was 




LINCOLN HOUSE, DENNVSVILLE, BUILT I7S7. 



fatigued with a hurried ride over broken bridges, rocks, roots, 
mud and mire so deep that the horse could scarcely get along, for 
[as he writes to a correspondent] "the road from Robbinston to 
Dennysville is worse than I ever saw or you ever heard of be- 
fore." I walked to the grave with Mr Clarke and after the 
funeral conversed a little with the aged widower, almost heart 



* My great-grandmother. Her husband, Captain Theophilus Wilder, was one of the 
pioneers of the town, being a passenger on the sloop " Sally," the " Mayflower" of the 
Hingham Dennys River emigration, arriving May i8, 1786. He served in the Revolu- 
tionary War, and commanded the Hingham Company at Saratoga at the time of Bur- 
goyne's surrender. 



326 



EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 



broken at the loss of his wife and the mother of his children. I 
accompanied Judge Theodore Lincoln* to his home. [In a let- 
ter written the same evening he says]: I am now at the house 
of Judge Lincoln. I arrived this afternoon at this mansion, far 
famed for its hospitality and am hospitably received. ... I see a 
Goliath before me, and I feel much less than David. Here is a 
whole county, and I believe not more than one settled minister 
in it. Here are many families, who have no bibles and can attend 
no meeting. Here are many children who can attend no school, 
and have no books. Here are many christians, who have no ordi- 
nances; many sinners who have no GOD. 

t Dennysville (or No 2 as it is not incorporated) consists of three 
settlements considerably distinct from each other. One settle- 
ment in which Judge Lincoln lives is on 
"k the northern shore of Dennys River at 

the head of the tide and the falls. Here 
they have lately erected a new building 
large enough to accommodate conven- 
iently two hundred people, assembled 
for religious worship, and it is made 
so warm % by having the walls filled 
with bricks that it is ver}- convenient 
for a school house. Another settle- 
ment is on the Pemmaquan river § prin- 
cipally on the western shore. The people are principally good 
farmers, and raise good crops of wheat, rye, oats, potatoes, grass 
and an abundance of garden sauce. They live as well as the 
majority of the farmers in the old towns of Massachusetts. This 
settlement is not compact, but extended about five miles. It is 
about 6 miles from Dennys River. The third is about what is 
called Youngs Cove ; this is on the northern and eastern shore 




DENNYS RIVER SCHOOL-HOUSE. 



* Judge Theodore Lincoln was, like Mr. Abbot, a Harvard man, being a graduate in 
1784. His house built in 1787, the first two-story house in this part of the Slate, is still 
standing unchanged, in excellent preservation. 

t Dennysville was incorporated iSi8. 

+ It was not then considered necessary to have meeting-houses warmed. 
§ In 1832, Pennamaquan and the adjoining section, being the larger part of the area 
of the township, were set off, and incorporated with the name of Pembroke. 



A FRONTIER MISSIONARY 327 

of the bay into which Dennys River empties, and is on the west- 
ern side of the point of land on which is the Penamaquan settle- 
ment and distant 2 or 3 miles. 

Saturday August 3. — Attended the conference at Penmaquan. 
This conference is attended once a month. Few attend it ex- 
cept such as have made a public profession of religion, or hope 
they are experimentally acquainted with it. There are in this 
town two churches, one of Congregational and the other of Bap- 
tist denominations. Persons in the neighboring townships 1,10, 
3 and Robbinston belong to these churches. The Baptist church 
is largest. All the members of both churches that can attend 
meet in this conference and in a harmonious manner converse on 
the importance of religion, on the state of their own minds, and 
on the nature and evidences of true religion. 

LORDS day August 4. Preached at Dennys River in the new 
meeting house, about 200 attended. 2 persons came from Robbin- 
ston 12 miles, a few from No 3, 12 miles or more, one from No 9 
10 miles, several from No 10 & from Penamaquan many. Texts 
Matthew 5, 3, Proverbs 23, 7. Before the close of the afternoon 
service there was a collection for the society of $4.60. — Monday 
August 5. — Visited the family of Mr. William Kilby* a worthy 
pious man. Tuesday, sick. Wednesday visited Mr Runnels, Mr 
Eastman, and Mr Wilder. Thursday — visited Esq Hobart in 
No 10,* and dined with Capt John Crane in No 9,* went with 
him his family and others in a boat about two miles to No I2.t 
Preached a lecture in the house of Mr Abijah Crane to about 35 
people. The people almost all in the neighborhood attend, and 
were very thankful for the opportunity to hear preaching. Re- 
turned to Dennysville. Mr Kilby accompanied me to day. — 
Friday visited the family of Mr Lippingcott. Mr L is a quaker 
and was not at home. Mrs L was baptized in infancy, was well 
educated, and seems now to be in some measure awakened. She 
thinks favorably of quakerism but is not settled in opinion. I 
visited also Mr Benjamin Jones in No 10. He appears to be a 

♦William Kilby and Isaac Hobart, my two grandfathers. 

t No. 9, Trescott, incorporated 1S27; No. 10, Edmands, 1828; and No. 12, Whit- 
ing, 1S25. 



328 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

christian, a man of naturally superior abilities, and has acquired 
much information. 

Saturday went to Penmaquan, lodged with Mr Warren Gard- ■ 
ner who is a Baptist and I trust an experimental christian. 
LORDS day August nth, preached at Mr Gardners two sermons. 
The assembly as last LORDS day was composed of Baptists and 
Congregationalists. The morning was rainy and the tide not 
fav'orable for people coming by water so that not so many attended 
as did attend at Dennys River. Collection taken for the society* 
$5.45. After meeting I went to Mr Bela Wilders to pass the 
night. Mr Theophilus Wilder and his wife came in to spend the 
evening. . . . Monday Mr Theophilus Wilder accompanied me to 
West cove. I preached a lecture at the house of Mr James 
Mahar. About 35 persons were present. The meeting was very 
solemn. Among my hearers were Sabbath breakers, swearers, 
&c. Many seemed to be affected and every one seemed to be 
looking at himself. I was enabled to speak and to pray with 
much freedom and tenderness. Congregationalists, Baptists and 
Catholics thanked me, and appeared very grateful to the society 
for affording them the opportunity to hear a discourse. Most of 
the families of this settlement are very poor, they have never had 
a school among them, and very seldom any preaching. They live 
4 or 5 miles from the places where the private meetings are 
usually held at Penamaquan, and much farther from the meetings 
at Dennys River. After lecture I returned to Judge Lincolns, 
but could not get there without returning a distance of about 6 
miles to Mr Wilder's whence it was more than 6 miles to Judge ' 

L*^, and the road was so bad I did not arrive until 9 o'clock in the 
evening. ... 

Tuesday Aug 13. — Catechised the children in the meeting i 

house at Dennys River. About 25 attended. . . . Visited a Mr I 

Presson a member of the Congregational church in this place. 
Wednesday Aug 14. — Preached a lecture in the meeting house at | 

Dennys River. About seventy five people assembled and gave 1 

serious attention. Thursday Aug 15 came from Dennysville to 
Robbinston. Friday and Saturday, called on his Excellency 

* The missionary society that sent Mr. Abbot. 



A FRONTIER MISSIONARY 329 

E. H. Robbins * & was employed in writing for the Sabbath. 
During my absence there has been considerable improvements 
made in the meeting house in this town. The house is now 
painted ; a new pulpit and new pews have been made. . . . 

Tuesday August 20 went to No i accompanied by Mr. Daniel 
Bugbee. Preached in the house of Mr Swett. The audience 
was small. It is said that considerable hay was down, and that 
as it was uncommonly good hay weather they could not leave it. 
About 25 persons attended. . . . The people were very serious and 
thanked me. I visited a school taught by Miss Mary Bond in the 
house of Mr William Bugbee. 15 children attended. . . . Visited 
Mr Job Johnsons, Mr Morrisons, and called on Mr Robert 
Cooper; not at home. Sabbath 25th went on horseback to Calls 
and preached in a hall belonging to Capt Downes. In the morn- 
ing about 60 were present and in the afternoon about 100 and per- 
haps more. People were attentive. Aged and hardened sinners 
seemed to listen as those who must give account, passed the night 
at Stephen Brewer Esq^ Monday Aug 26, visited the family of 
Mr Francis Pettygrove and examined the school in Dist. No 4 
in his house 15 children attend, 9 present . . . passed the night at 
Mr Samuel Darling's. Tuesday 27th, visited the family of Mr 
Paul Knight & examined school Dist No 3, 26 were present. In 
the afternoon preached a lecture in the school house. I passed 
the night with Mr Paul Knight. Mrs Knight has borne him 18 
children all living except one who died in the 17th year. Among 
the children are three pairs of twins. f Passed the night of the 
28th with the family of Esq Pike. 

Monday Sept 2. Went from Robbinston to No 3.^ Rode to 
Mr Boyden's on horseback, and crossed a part of Boyden's Lake 
in a birch canoe. Then my guide Mr Ebenezer Fisher carried 
the canoe on his back about a half a mile. Thence we descended 
the stream that leads from Boydens Lake to Penmaquan Lake, 
and crossed the lake to the mouth of Round Pond stream. Then 

* Hon. Edw. H. Robbins of Milton, former lieutenant governor of the Common, 
wealth, the principal proprietor of the township. 

t I am told that on a single occasion the father, mother, and eighteen children sat at 
the table together. 

t Incorporated in 1825 as Charlotte. 



33° 



EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 



we poled up this stream into Round Pond and landed at Mr Dan- 
iel Fisher's. There are now 9 families in No 3 — 67 persons, and 
32 children of a proper age to attend school. They have no school 
books and have never had any school in town. It is three years 
since the commencement of the settlement ... On Tuesday I vis- 
ited the family of Mr Abiah Damon and preached a lecture in his 
house to about 40 people, also visited the family of Mr John 
Bridges and Mr Trusdale. Sept. 4, I visited Mr. Greenlaw's fam- 
ily, took breakfast with him and returned to Robbinston.— My 




WESTON HOUSE, EASTPORT, BUILT 181O. 

mission is now closed. It was eight weeks yesterday since I 
arrived at General Brewer's Robbinston. 



Here closes Mr. Abbot's first journal, and what follows is 
taken from his private letters, written at the time, and other 
minutes. He was engaged by the Congregationalists of 
Eastport to preach for them. While here, made his home 
with J. D. Weston, Esq., who was graduated from Har- 
vard four years in advance of him ; and the subscription list 
in Mr. Sabine's article preceding this gives the names of the 



A FRONTIER MISSIONARY 33 1 

principal supporters of the movement. Sept. 19, 18 11, he 
writes : — 

There are lying east of Machias in a body four incorporated 
and fourteen unincorporated townships, covering a country about 
47 miles long 20 broad, containing between 3 and 4000 people, all 
of whom are as sheep having no shepherd. In all this region there 
is at present no person who preaches except myself. How can I 
leave them alone ? Few of them are acquainted with religion ; 
many are very ignorant very thoughtless and very wicked. Yet in 
the incorporated townships, there is as large a proportion of peo- 
ple of taste and fashion as in any seaport in New England. . . . 

There is in this town considerable superstition among some 
aged people. . . . Though they are ignorant, I believe them pious, 
and therefore am grieved for them. Their prejudices I believe 
have been strengthened by the preaching of a Mr Murphy who 
deceased a little before I came to this town. Mr Murphy taught 
that a man ought never to know his text before he entered the 
meeting house ; then he said if the preacher was sent by God he 
would be taught what to say. Two aged men who had imbibed 
this sentiment were grieved at my using notes and did not attend 
in the afternoon. . . . Those who are opposed to preaching with 
notes, are also opposed to having a bass viol in the meeting 
house. . . . 

Among his papers is preserved the following letter : — 

ROBBIXSTON Sept. 1 2th 1811. 

Dear Sir, — It would be agreeable to the Field officers of the 
3d Reg' if you could make it convenient to attend the Revew at 
Eastport on Tuesday next. Gen^ Brewer has written me on the 
subject and requested that I should present his compliments, rep- 
resenting that we shall probably be destitute of a chaplain. A 
conveyance shall be provided from this place either on Monday or 

Tuesday morning. 

With esteem 

I am yours 

John Balkam. 

Mr E Abbot. 



332 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Mr. Abbot performed chaplain's duty on the day of mus- 
ter. The regiment was commanded by Lieutenant-colonel 
Oliver Shead, and John Balkam and Joseph Whitney were 
majors. Mr. Abbot had not been ordained, and expressed 
regrets at his inability to administer the ordinances. Presi- 
dent Appleton was writing and urging him to accept the 
position of tutor at Bowdoin College, but he decided to 
remain at his post in Passamaquoddy. 

He writes from Robbinston, November 4 : — 

Mr Jotham Sewall is on a mission in this region and is expected 
to preach a lecture in this town on Wednesday evening. I hope 
for the pleasure of seeing him before I go to Eastport. I con- 
sider him, under God, the father of almost all the religion in this 
[part of the] country. Nov. 24. Agreeably to arrangements with 
Mr Sewall I went to Robbinston and was present at the estab- 
lishment of a church there. Mrs Jones, Mrs French's sister, with 
five other persons (two men and three women) constituted the new 
church. Dec. 2. The winter on many accounts is the best sea- 
son to missionate in new places. In the summer roads are bad, 
and it is difficult getting from town to town, and difficult for people 
to come together ; but the snow which covers up the mud, and 
makes rough places smooth, removes all these difficulties, and 
sleds and sleighs will bring people together. 

Dec 28. — The meeting house * in this town is at a distance, 
and is a cold and uncomfortable place in the winter, and no meet- 
ing is held in it. It is unfinished has no fire and is little larger 
than the school house in which I preach. Mr. Clarke preaches 
in the upper part of a large house. Dec 29. — The people in this 
region are liberal of their property; their minister will never want 
temporal things so much as they do spiritual. 

He makes frequent reference to Mr. Clark, the Baptist 
minister ; and they attended each other's services. 

*The meeting-house referred to was the old Moose Island meeting-house, which 
stood at the turn of the road, up island, until the British aftervvard moved it to the head 
of Boynton Street ; and the school-house in which he preached was the " Old South." 



A FRONTIER MISSIONARY 



333 



Feby i, 1812. Mr Mory informed me that he had promised 
money and material for building a meeting house (Feby 7). The 
heads of a considerable part of the families of my society sailed 
up to Robbinston in the New Packet on a party of pleasure, ex- 




HOBART HOUSE, LITTLE FALLS, EDMANDS, BUILT 1806. 



pecting to return on Saturday, but the storm and contrary wind 
prevented their returning before the afternoon of the Sabbath. 
As so many of the society were absent, instead of preaching I 
went to hear Mr Clarke. Feby lo — Went to Dennysville with 
Judge Lincoln. 12 — visited Capt Hobart proprietor of Planta- 
tion No 10. He is a Baptist. He treated me hospitably and I 



334 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

passed the night with him. He has Fuller's Dialogues on De- 
pravity. . . . This subject with Antinomianism afforded abundant 
matter for conversation. I spoke what I think is the truth plainly, 
and I hope God will make it effectual for good. While at Judge 
Lincoln's I tried hard to make the judge believe. . . . But he 
seems to be one of Dr Ware's * men (He is you know from Hing- 
ham). He was really very kind to me. His wife is a superior 
woman. . . . Feby 15 — Visited the school at Dennys River taught 
by Miss De Wolfe. f 

March 17th — I took tea at Mr Prince's. $ ... I think he is a truly 
good man. ... I trust he will be persuaded to join in establishing 
a church and that he will be a blessing to this place. Mar iS — 
Took tea with Capt Brooks who commands the E P Packet. 
Mrs Brooks is daughter of Rev Mr Webster of Biddeford. . . . 
After tea passed the night at Mr Seward Bucknam's. ... It is 
now very probable that my society will have a good meeting house 
50 by 60 feet completed by next fall. Capt Hovey of Machias 
has contracted with some of the gentlemen of my society to build 
the house. ... I expect that the pulpit will be at one end, and 
that there will be a vestry under the belfry. . . . Mrs. Weston who 
is very Orthodox, or highly Calvinistic in sentiment, has several 
times said she was afraid I was so plain that I should offend. 
Yet I do not know that I have offended in conversation or preach- 
ing, one of my people, and the Baptists generally treat me with 
much kindness. . . . April iSth. . . . The land for a meeting house 
here is purchased and forty of the pews are sold, and all the obli- 
gations for building it are signed. . . . 

Besides names already mentioned, among others upon 
whom he called were Messrs. Dana, Shead, Garland, Benja- 
min Bucknam, Drs. Balch and Baxter, Steele, Cheney, Chase, 
Wood, Baker, Webster, Gary, Hayden, and Judge Burgin. 

* Rev. Henry Ware, D.D., was a classmate of Judge Lincoln at college. His ap- 
pointment a few years before as Hollis Professor of Divinity at Harvard, against the 
indignant protest of the orthodox or evangelical wing of the Congregational body, may 
be said to have been a prominent cause of the establishment of the new Theological 
School at Andover, with its sharply defined creed. 

t Afterward Mrs. John Webster. t Afterward Deacon Ezekiel Prince. 



A FRONTIER MISSIONARY 



335 



^<^- 




The journal of Mr. Abbot's second mission begins March 
21, 1812 : — 

Went from Eastport to Dennysville, called on the family of 
Mr. Moses Lincoln in Township Xo i, conversed with him on 
religion and conversed with Mr Zenas Wilders family in Dennys- 
ville. Passed the night at Judge Lincolns. March 22 — Preached 
in Dennysville two sermons. After meeting went to B R Jones 
Esq's, conversed with him, and catechised his children. Mr 
Jones is desirous of joining the Congregational church in Dennys- 
ville, but he has doubts. Passed the evening and night with Mr 
Kilby. Mrs Kilby and her daughter Mary appear to be worthy of 
joining this church of which 
Mr Kilby is already a mem- 
ber. "^ 

March 23d. Went to 
Eastport to get a horse 
& slei£:h and some books 
for distribution: called on ■'■•■• , „.,, . "" '■■''^"^■:l/^s^^■.^^-■ , ''i)X 

the families of Dr Balch, 

Capt Brooks, Mrs Robbins, '^^^^^ «°^^^ ^osT-or^H.*^''''"'' '''''^'' 

Mr Steele and Mr 01m- 

stead. . . . Mar 24 — went to Robbinston & 25th to Calis : called 
on the families of Mess Downes, Pike, George Knights and Jones 
Dyer. March 26 — Dined at Mr Days in Township No 6, called 
on the families of the Mess Scott. In No 7 called on Mr Eli 
Sprague. In No 17'\ or Poke Moonshine called at Mr Browns. 
Preached a lecture at Mr Elisha Grants and lodged with him. 
There are but four families in No 17 & 29 people. 19 are chil- 
dren and only three of them know the alphabet. 

After giving the names of people to whom he distributed 
books, he writes : — 

There is now a bible in every family in Townships Nos 6, 7 
& 17, and the children are well supplied with school books. 

•William Kilby was appointed postmaster in the j'ear iSoo, when the mail arrived 
once a fortnight, brought through the woods by a man on foot ; and at first the office 
income was at the rate of little over five dollars a year. He was succeeded by his sons 
and grandsons, and the office remained in the family eighty-six years. 

t No. 17 incorporated in 1832 as Princeton. 



33^ 



EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 



March 29 — Preached two sermons at Mr Day's. 30th, visited 
in No 6 Mr Boyd, and Mr Solomon Perkins's family, came to 
No 3, visited Mr David Fisher and Mr Warren Gardiner. (31) 
went to Penamaquan, visited Mr Samuel Leighton and Capt 
Hardy. Went to Dennysville, put up at Judge Lincoln's and 
visited Mr Mahew. April i, — visited the families of Mess Bos- 
worth, Presson, Benner, Wilder & Kilby & preached a lecture in 
the schoolhouse in Dennys River. — April 2 — visited Mr Zadock 
Hersey's family on the east side of Penamaquan. Preached a 
lecture at Mr Isaiah Hersey's * in the afternoon, & in the even- 



r^^^ 




CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH AND PUBLIC BUILDING, CONTAINING SCHOOL-ROOMS AND 
TOWN HALL, BUILT ON THE HILL IN DENNYSVILLE, WHERE THE SCHOOL- 
HOUSE THEN STOOD. 



ing at Mr Warren Gardiner Jrs on the West Side. April 3 — 
visited Ox Cove, Mr Joseph Bridges, Abraham Bridges, & John 
Carter, and preached a lecture at Mr Solomon Cushings. April 
7th — At Eastport received $20.00 worth of books from my 
friends for distribution. Engaged Miss Deborah Crosbv to teach 
a school, and carried her with me in my sleigh to Penamaquan. . . . 
April 10 — came to Eastport to exchange my sleigh for a saddle 
& to take more books for distribution. April — Left Eastport 
for Robbinston. In township No i lodged at the house of Mr 
Peter Loring, 12 — Preached two sermons in the meeting house 
at Robbinston and put up with Tho'' Vose Esq. 14 — preached a 

* Isaiah Hersey, my great-grandfather. 



A FRONTIER MISSIONARY 337 

lecture at Mr Job Johnson's. 19 — Preached two sermons in the 
house of Mr John Leighton in No i. 60 people attended. 21 — 
Visited three families and preached a lecture in the house of Mr 
Nathaniel Stoddard. . . . 

April 25th. Came to Lubec with Major Trescott. Called on 
the widow of Dr John L B Green. Dr Green was drowned yes- 
terday about 4 o'clock PM. He with 3 other persons was in a 
boat loaded with salt, there was considerable wind which occa- 
sioned a chop where it opposed the tide. In passing one of these 
chops which was near Roger's Island the boat filled & sunk. 
Two of the men took hold of each others hand across the bomb 
[boom] and supported themselves until men came to their relief 
from Rice's Island. Dr Green and Mr Daniel Small Jr swam 
towards Rogers Island, and before the boat could come to them 
they sank. Dr Green was about 28 years old, a skilful physician, 
& was doing considerable business as a merchant in company 
with Mr Page of Beverly. Dr Green has left a widow & three 
children.* Mr .Small was an industrious young man and has left 
a widow & three children. 

April 26 — LORDS day. Preached two discourses in the school- 
house. Visited Mrs Green in the morning, and after meeting 
visited Mrs Allan, widow of the late Col John Allan who during 
the Revolutionary War was at the head of the Indian department 
in this region. Col Allan died in 1805, since which two of his 
sons have been drowned, one of them a very promising young 
man. . . . The mother appears to be a pious woman, and two 
maiden daughters and daughter in law are very amiable and 
accomplished women. April 27 — I have passed two nights with 
Major Trescott. 

April 29 — Set out from Capt Yeaton's to ride to that part of 
this town which is called South Bay. But when I entered the 
woods I found the road so bad that I could not ride with so 
much ease or safety as I could walk. I therefore sent back the 
horse and walked about three miles & a half thro the mud and ice. 
Some places there was snow and ice a foot deep, in others the ice 

* Dr. Green's name is preserved in Green Street, Eastport. Mrs. Green was after- 
ward Mrs. Solomon Rice; and the three little girls grew up and became Mrs. Lorenzo 
Sabine, Mrs. William D. Dana, and Mrs. James H. Andrews. 



338 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

was SO thin and hollow as to break & let me down on the mud. 
In consequence of the badness of the road I did not arrive at the 
place where I had appointed a lecture, so soon by half an hour 
as the time had been appointed. Almost all the people in the 
neighborhood were assembled & I immediately preached to them. 
There had been no preaching for three years before. I distributed 
primers and spelling books. 

April 30th, walked four miles through the mud to what is called 
Bailey's Mistake, called on three families and preached a lecture 
at Mr Theodore Tucker's house . . . after lecture walked a little 
more than a mile to what is called Haycocks harbour & put up in 
the family of Mr Josiah Tucker. . . . May i — took breakfast with 
Mr Mark Wiggins, returned to Bailey's Mistake and South Bay. 
Dined with Mr Samuel Small & preached a lecture at Mr Collis. 
A very general attendance of men women & children & a solemn 
meeting. Put up at Mr Davis. 

May 2d — Took breakfast with Mr Eaton's family and walked 
about 3 miles to Johnson's Bay. Visited eight families and 
preached a lecture at Capt Morton's. May 3d — Called on Mr 
Jonathan Reynolds who accompanied me to Capt Ramsdell's. . . . 
Preached twice in the school house, took tea with Widow Mary 
Cutts Allan & put up with Mr Jonathan Reynolds. May 4 — 
Before breakfast went to Eastport, and bought two doz spelling 
books at first cost of Mr Hayden. Went to Dudley Island, dined 
at Mr Allan's, and left the books which I had directed to John 
son's Cove and the light house. Thence I went to Seward's Neck 
& called on Capt Ramsdell. . . . From there I came with Mr 
Isaac Crane thro Cobscook Falls to Capt John Crane's where we 
took tea, and with Mr Isaac Crane to his house in No 12 com- 
monly called Orangetown where I put up for the night. 

May 5 — Preached a lecture at the house of Mr Abijah Crane 
in the forenoon. The people who could attend listened with very 
solemn attention. There has been a cold storm of rain and snow 
through the day so some of the women could not attend. . . . 
Visited Mr Horatio Gates Allan's family Mr Samuel Wheelers 
& Mr Saunders' family. Visited the family of Mr Mark Allan. 
He was at meeting, but could not be at home when I called. Mrs 
Allan appears to be a pious woman, and anxious to bring up her 
children in the nurture and admonition of the Lord. 



A FRONTIER MISSIONARY 339 

May 6 — Visited Capt John Crane's family and Mr William 
Bell's. In consequence of the winds blowing very strong I was 
obliged to walk from Mr Abijah Crane's here, a distance of two 
miles. I had appointed a meeting at Mr Hatevil Leighton Jrs. 
The wind continuing so strong that I could not go by water, I 
continued to walk visiting two families in No 10 and put up at Mr 
Nathaniel Cox's, much fatigued and unwell, having walked eight 
miles in a very bad road. May 7th — Mr Cox set me across Cobs- 
cook bay to Crow's neck No 9 . . . hence Mr Nathaniel Huckings 
carried me across the head of Strait bay about two miles to 
Denbo's Point, and I walked a mile and a half and preached a 
lecture at Mr Hatevil Leighton Jrs. There are in this neighbor- 
hood a number of Roman Catholics, and yesterday when I was 
expected to preach several of these assembled to hear me. . . . 
After lecture two young men set me across the head of South 
Bay to Mr Clement Hucking's, and having walked about two 
miles I put up at Capt Ramsdells. There were very few bibles 
or testaments in this region, Lubec Nos 9 «& 10 and that part 
of No 12 called Orangetown, before I sent them. I have distrib- 
uted 97 bibles, 'jd testaments, 74 spelling books, 36 primers and 
a few psalm books, sermon books, and other religious books & 
tracts. I have made careful inquiry and know of but one family 
that has not an entire copy of the bible. The head of that family 
says he has part of a bible and is able to buy a new one when he 
has opportunity- 
May Sth — came to Eastport then made another visit to Rob- 
binston & Calls and returned to Eastport by St Andrews packet. 
May 15 went to Lubeck & attended the funeral of Capt Hopli 
Yeaton.* He was 73 years old, had been failing for several 3ears. 
His death was sudden and at the time unexpected. He had been 
a Captain in the naval service of the United States. He had a 
high sense of honor in the discharge of every duty due to his 
country & was buried under the flag of the US. 

* Captain Hopley Yeaton was commander of the first revenue cutter on the Passa- 
maquoddy station. I have heard Mrs. Yeaton described as a stalely lady by one who 
knew her in old age, and been told that while the family was living at Portsmouth, N.H., 
in 1789, when President Washington visited the town, she was one of his partners at the 
ball given in his honor. 



340 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Here Mr. Abbot's journal closes. The Massachusetts 
Bible Society had supplied him with two hundred and six- 
teen Bibles and one hundred and sixty Testaments, and his 
friends at Andover and Boston had sent him about one hun- 
dred dollars' worth of religious and school books. Full lists 
are given of those to whom these were distributed, which 
show many names still familiar in the region. In one place, 
it is recorded, "Gave Benjamin Leavitt a testament." Ben- 
jamin must have been a stout boy at that time. May 25, he 
left in the Eastport packet " Expedition," Captain Brooks (a 
vessel which was captured by the British in the war that 
follow^ed), and arrived at Boston two days later. 

In summing up the results of his missionary labors, Mr. 
Abbot writes, — 

I have always considered it a very happy circumstance that I 
distributed so many books there at that time, for war was declared 
against Great Britain immediately after the close of my mission ; 
and if I had not distributed here the religious and school books 
both parents and children would have suffered much for the want 
of them. 

The breaking out of the war not only prevented the 
building of a Congregational meeting-house at Eastport, 
but made it necessary for Mr. Abbot to turn his attention 
in other directions. The following year, Oct. 26, 18 13, he 
was ordained and installed pastor of the Congregational 
church at Greenland, N.H., where he remained fifteen years. 
In 1815, he made a visit to his old missionary field at Pas- 
samaquoddy, and was cordially welcomed by his numerous 
friends. In 1828, he became principal of the academy at 
Westford, Mass., in which position he continued nine years, 
and during a portion of the time and afterward was pastor 
of the Unitarian church at that place. The compiler of this 
volume was, during one season, his pupil at the academy 



A FRONTIER MISSIONARY 



341 



and a member of his household, and retains most pleasant 
memories of that happy year. Mr. Abbot was a competent 
land surveyor, served as a magistrate, represented the town 
in the General Court of Massachusetts, and was always an 
earnest and influential citizen. He died at Westford, July 
2, 1870, aged ninety years, nine months, twenty-three days. 




The above represents an old-time Eastport truck. Most famous and best known 
among the teamsters of those days was Josiah Chubbuck ; but, as the infirmities of age 
began to tell upon him, he was obliged to give up his truck-horse and take to wood-horse 
and saw; and by and by even this resource failed him, and he drifted to the poorhouse, 
where he died. There was, among the town's people who had long known him, a kindly 
feeling toward the poor old truckman ; and on the day of his funeral a goodly number 
assembled to pay their last tribute of respect to his memory. As the group was standing 
looking townward, they saw coming out a singular cortege, composed of all the truck 
teams in town, nearly a score in number; and, with this addition, the procession, which 
moved on to the cemetery with slow and solemn tread, stretched out to an unusual length. 
Then it was remembered what was not known by those who prompted the arrangement, 
— that it was only the fulfilment of the old teamster's own prophecy. He was contin- 
ually boasting of the number of his friends; and once, when irritated by a close-fisted 
bachelor, who was one of the town's assessors, he retorted: "Perez B., now you stop ! 
I've got more friends in town than you have ; and, when I die, I'll have a longer funeral." 



CHAPTER X. 
EASTPORT CHURCHES. 

WASHINGTON STREET BAPTIST CHURCH. 

As HAS been related in preceding chapters, a meeting- 
house was built on Moose Island as early as 1794; but 
several years elapsed before any permanent religious organi- 
zation was effected. Services were conducted in the meet- 
ing-house from time to time by itinerants, who were mostly 
Baptists; and in July, 1801, Elder Edward Manning bap- 
tized over thirty persons. At length, on the eighth day of 
August, 1802,* the church now known as the Washington 
Street Baptist Church was instituted by Rev. James Murphy, 
who became pastor, assisted by Rev. Elijah Brooks, of 
New Brunswick. Aaron Hayden was the first deacon. The 
church at the beginning consisted of fifty-seven persons, 
widely scattered about the vicinity and neighboring islands, 
some as far away as Pennamaquan, who soon after with- 
drew and formed a church at home ; and several years later 
others established a church at Lubec. At first, the up island 
meeting-house was occupied. After the South School-house 
was built, services were held there ; and later the society 
worshipped in a room above a store on Water Street. The 
breaking out of the War of 181 2 interrupted plans for build- 

*Mr. Weston fixes the date of the organization of this church as 1798; but among 
the Sabine papers is a sketch written in 1848 by Rev. Kendall Brooks, Jr., pastor at the 
time, which makes the year 1802, and is doubtless correct. It is not only the earliest 
religious organization in town, but the oldest in the county east of Machias. The East- 
ern Lodge of Masons, instituted August 11, 1801, is the oldest organization in the Passa- 
maquoddy region except the town of Eastport. 



EASTPORT CHURCHES 



343 



ing a meeting-house ; but services were continued with con- 
siderable regularity during the British occupation, and, after 
the departure of their forces, the work was taken up again. 
The meeting-house on High Street was dedicated Nov. 12, 
1820, the pastor, Rev. Henry J. Ripley, preaching the ser- 
mon. This house was plainly built, without tower or steeple ; 

and the interior was arranged 
in a peculiar manner, the pul- 
pit standing between the en- 
trance doors, with the congre- 
gation seated in the pews facing 




WASHINGTON STREET BAPTIST CHURCH. 



that way. In 1837, when under the pastoral care of Rev. 
John B, Hague, the new house of worship was built on 
Washington Street, and dedicated Dec. 13, 1837, Rev. James 
Huckins of Calais preaching the sermon. In 1818, Samuel 
Wheeler was appointed deacon. Both he and Deacon Hay- 
den continued in service until their decease ; and their sons, 
Charles H. Hayden and Loring ¥. Wheeler, were their im- 
mediate successors. 



344 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

For many years, the prayer and conference meetings of the 
church were held in the Hayden School-house, on the ledge 
at the top of Boynton Hill. Afterward, a commodious vestry 
was built on Green Street. Recently, the church building 
has been raised, and in the basement spacious and conven- 
ient vestry, parlor, library, and other rooms arranged, giving 
the parish its needed equipment all under one roof; and the 
former vestry is now the armory of the Frontier Guards. 
Although the society had been in existence for so many 
years under the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, it was not 
until the separation of the State of Maine that steps were 
taken to secure a legal organization; and on the 15th of 
June, 1820, the petition of Aaron Hayden and seven others 
was presented to the IVIaine legislature for the incorpora- 
tion of the " First Baptist Church and Society in Eastport." 
The prayer of the petition was granted and organization 
completed Aug. 28, 182 1. Bequests amounting to $1,000 
have been received from the estate of Deacon Samuel 

Stevens. 

Organization in 1888. 

Pastor, Rev. A. J. Hughes. 

Deacons, John S. Pearce, Samuel Campbell, Harvey 
Bishop, T. C. Adams. 

Church clerk, Horace Wilder. 

Parish clerk, Simon Stevens. 

Treasurer, T. C. Adams. 

Collector, B. A. Gardner. 

Trustees, P. M. Kane, T. C. Adams, John McGregor. 

Sunday-school superintendent, E. S. Kinney. 

NORTH CHRISTIAN CHURCH. 

In Weston's History, it is stated that the church then 
known as the North Baptist was organized April 13, 18 16. 
At first, services were held in the Old South School-house, 



EASTPORT CHURCHES 



345 



where other religious societies met before and afterward. 
It was also frequently called the Free-will Baptist, to distin- 
guish it from the older or Calvinist Baptist church. Though 
the second in order of time, it was the first in town to com- 
plete its house of worship, built at the head of Washington 
Street, which was dedicated 
Dec. I, 1819, the pastor. El- 
der Samuel Rand, preaching 
the sermon. A bequest of 
$500 was received from the 
estate of Mrs. Phoebe Pea- 
vey, widow of Captain John 
N. Peavey, toward the cost 




!s.^M^^s^^j^g^:^^^^ 



NORTH CHRISTIAN CHURCH. 



of the building. John Burgin, Charles Peavey, and Jerry 
Burgin formed the building committee. A peculiarity of the 
internal arrangement is remembered. Instead of placing 
the heating apparatus on the floor, or beneath it, as is now 
the custom, the stoves were hung in mid-air, attached to the 
columns which support the roof ; and the sexton was obliged 
to mount some steps to make or replenish the fires. 

The society was incorporated under an act of the General 



34^ EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Court of Massachusetts, Feb. 12, 1820, as the "First Baptist 
Society of Eastport." The following persons were named 
in the act of incorporation : Sylvanus Appleby, John Bab- 
cock, John Burgin, Jerry Burgin, Alexander Capen, Thomas 
Haycock, John Hinkley, John C. Lincoln, Robert Mowe, 
Darius Olmstead, Ethel Olmstead, Charles Peavey, John 
Shackford, and William Shackford. For several years, even- 
ing and prayer meetings were held in a room fitted up in the 
basement of Mr, Warren Hathaway's house at North End. 
Afterward, a vestry hall was built on Green Street, which 
was occupied until the church building was raised, and con- 
venient accommodations prepared for similar purposes in the 
basement; and the local post of the Grand Army of the 
Republic now occupies the former vestry. The present de- 
nominational connection of the society is with the religious 
body holding the simple name of " Christians." 

Organization in 1888. 

Pastor, Rev. A. G. Hammond. 
Deacons, George P. Andrews, John A. Capen. 
Church clerk, George P. Andrews. 
Sunday-school superintendent, Fremont A. Bibber. 
Trustees, William Newcomb, William T. Spates, E. S. 
Martin. 

Parish clerk, Thomas M. Bibber. 
Treasurer, John Higgins. 

FIRST CONGREGATIONAL (UNITARIAN) CHURCH. 

In a preceding chapter, Mr. Sabine has given an account 
of the building of the first Congregational meeting-house. 
When completed and in accordance with the original agree- 
ment, a vote was taken to ascertain the preferences of the 
proprietors ; and, though a minority wished to have a minis- 



EASTPORT CHURCHES 



347 



ter from the Andover Theological Seminary, by a decided 
majority it was voted to send to Cambridge, and President 
Kirkland engaged Andrew Bigelow, a graduate of the class 

of 1814, at the time em- 
ployed in the govern- 
ment of the college, who 
had not yet been or- 
dained. He was son of 
Honorable Timothy Big- 
elow, then speaker of the 
Massachusetts House of 
Representatives. Arriv- 
ing at Eastport in mid- 
winter, he preached the 
sermon at the dedication 
of the new church, Jan. 
13, 1820, Elder Samuel 




FIRST CONGREGATIONAL (UNITARIAN) CHURCH. 

Rand assisting in the other services. Returning to Boston 
a few weeks later, he was ordained at the university chapel, 
President Kirkland preaching the sermon, and remained at 
Eastport a year longer. In those days, " the big meeting- 



348 



EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 



house," as it was frequently called, was used quite regularly 
for Fourth of July celebrations and other public occasions, 
its floor and deep side galleries giving accommodation for 
large crowds. A bell paid for by the town with some private 
contributions was hung in its steeple. During the pastorate 
of Rev. Edward H. Edes in 1831, the first church organ used 
in public worship in Eastern Maine was introduced here. 
The evening and social meetings of the society were held at 
private houses, at the Masonic Hall on Middle Street, or in 

one of the school-houses 
under Trescott Hall, 
until the rebuilding of 
the church during the 
pastorate of Rev. Hen- 
ry F. Edes in 1854 and 
1855. While this was 
being done, by the hos- 
pitality of the Washing- 
ton Street Baptist Soci- 
ety, the regular Sunday 
services were continued 
in their vestry on Green 
Street. The expense of the changes in the meeting-house 
was about the same as the original cost of the building. The 
high pulpit and side galleries were removed, the floor raised, 
and space gained for vestry and other rooms beneath. Sev- 
eral years later, a convenient parsonage was built on the 
adjacent lot, once the parade ground of the Light Infantry 
and a favorite place for games of ball. 

A recent bequest of the late Partmon Houghton, for many 
years a member of the Standing Committee and superin- 
tendent of the Sunday-school, gives the parish the sum of 
$2,000, the income to be devoted to keeping in repair and 
ornamenting the house and grounds. 




UNITARIAN PARSONAGE. 



EASTPORT CHURCHES 349 

Organization i7i 1888. 

Pastor, Rev. H. D. Catlin. 

Standing Committee, George F. Wadsworth, Edward E. 
Shead, Noel B. Nutt, Mrs. William S. Hume, Miss Anna A. 
Noyes. 

Clerk, George F. Wadsworth. 

Treasurer, Henry Whelpley. 

Sunday-school superintendent. Rev. H. D. Catlin. 

CENTRAL CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. 

In the winter of 1819, Rev. Mighill Blood, of Bucksport, 
employed by a Massachusetts missionary society, came 
through to Eastport, and on the 8th of February instituted 
a church consisting of five persons, Ezekiel Prince, Samuel 
Starboard, Samuel Whitcomb, Jane N. Weston, and Sarah 
S. Whitney. The first Congregational meeting-house was 
then in process of construction ; and it was the expectation 
of the members of the newly formed church that it would be 
connected with the society, worshipping in the new meeting- 
house when completed. But, when the time came, the pro- 
prietors voted to send to Cambridge for a Unitarian min- 
ister ; and the connection was not made. The church, 
however, kept together, worshipping generally with the Bap- 
tists, and, though the numbers .were reduced by death and 
removal, others were added by letter; and in 1825 Rev. 
Wakefield Gale, a graduate of Andover Theological Semi- 
nary, who had been preaching for a few Sundays for the 
Baptists while they were without a minister, commenced 
regular services in the Old South School-house, and soon 
gathered a congregation exceeding the capacity of that 
building. On the nth of January, 1828, the society was 
organized under the name of the " First Evangelical Congre- 
gational Church and Society of Eastport." It was then 



350 



EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 



decided to have a new house of worship ; and Ezekiel Prince, 
Thomas Rogers, Nathan Bucknam, Benjamin B. Leavitt, and 

The house 
of Mr. Low as 
dedicated Feb. 
the sermon, 
town with a 
and is the only 
prevalent style 
steeple was 
gale of 1869, 
slightly differ- 
paid for by the 
length of the 



was changed in 
legislature to 
Society of East- 



Daniel Low were chosen a building committee. 

was builtunder the direction 

architect and builder, and 

18, 1829, Mr. Gale preaching 

This was the first church in 

vestry under the same roof, 

one retaining the then 

of interior finish. Its tall 

blown over in the great 

and replaced by one of 

ent form. It has a clock 

town. On account of the 

name originally adopted, it 

1830 by act of the State 

the "Central Congregational 

port." The first 

deacons chosen 

were Ezekiel 

Prince and Lib- 

beus Bailey. 

Deacon Prince 

may be said to 

have founded 

the church and 

society, and was 

Its nrm ana central congregational church. 

faithful friend to 

the end of his long life. He died July 18, 1852, aged ninety- 
one years. His was a marked figure in our streets, — the 
last of the old school, — clad in long stockings and knee 
breeches. Deacon George A. Peabody is now in the fiftieth 
year of his service in that capacity. Not long since, the 



i= 


i 

m 


J- 


z 



EASTPORT CHURCHES 35 I 

church received a bequest of $2,000 from the estate of Miss 
Sarah Leavitt, and earUer in its history the sum of $400 
from Mrs. Margaret Dawson. 

Organization for 1888. 

Pastor, Rev. Ora A. Lewis. 
Deacon, George A. Peabody. 

Prudential committee, George A. Peabody, John A. Lowe, 
Herbert Kilby. 

Clerk and treasurer, George A. Peabody. 
Superintendent Sunday-school, George A. Peabody. 

ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. 

In 1826, Rev. Charles Ffrench came here to labor as a 
clergyman of the Roman Catholic faith, and began to gather 
a society. The few Catholic churches then established in 
Maine were connected with the diocese of Boston, and the 
Sentifiel of that time published the following report of the 
first visit of the bishop : " 20th July, 1827, Bishop Fenwick 
arrived from Boston on the steamer Patent, and was escorted 
on the same day by Rev. Mr. French and several Indians 
dressed in rich costume to Pleasant Point, where he was 
most graciously received by that people amidst their salute 
from their large cannon and several discharges of musketry ; 
and on Thursday evening, at the request of gentlemen of 
Eastport, he delivered in the Congregational (Unitarian) 
meeting-house, before a crowded and most respectable assem- 
blage of citizens, an impressive and most eloquent discourse." 
Soon after, steps were taken for the erection of a chapel ; 
and, in this undertaking, Mr. Edward Gilligan was a most 
efficient assistant to Father Ffrench, and a number of Prot- 
estants contributed toward the funds. The corner-stone was 
laid May 3, 1828 ; and the chapel was completed the follow- 
ing year. Later, a residence was built for the priest on 



352 



EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 



the same lot. When 
grown the capacity of 
to another place ; and 
was dedicated 
by Bishop 
Bacon in 
1873, was 
built on the 
same site. 
Recently, ex- 
tensive addi- 
tions and al- 
terations have 
been made in 
the building, 



some years after the parish had out- 
their house of worship, it was moved 

the present St. Joseph's Church, which 
a larger organ introduced, 
and it was rededicated by 
Bishop Healey July 17, 
i\ 

Rev. John O'Dowd is 
the present priest in charge 
of the parish, and Stephen 
Sherlock superintendent of 
the Sunday-school. 

METHODIST EPISCOPAL 
CHURCH. 

The first regular class of 
the Methodist Episcopal 




ST. Joseph's church, roman catholic 

Church was formed in Eastport in November, 1838, by Rev. 
William Brown, who was stationed at Robbinston ; and the 
first quarterly meeting was held by Presiding Elder Rev. D. 
Copeland the same year. In 1839, Eastport was made a 



EASTPORT CHURCHES 



353 



missionary station, under charge of Rev. Isaiah McMahon, 
Isaac Bridges, leader, Joseph Bridges, James Luckley, and 
John Loveley, stewards. The Baptist society having built a 
new house of worship on Washington Street, their meeting- 
house on High Street was first hired by the Methodists, and 
purchased by them in 1842. While in their possession, the 
building was greatly improved by the addition of a tower, 
and in other ways. Across the street stood the gun-house of 
the Eastport Wash- 
ington Artillery, the """""""---. . i 
lower story occupied ~ -' - 




BLAKEY MEMORIAL CHURCH, METHODIST EPISCOPAL. 



by their brass cannon and other equipments, with drill hall 
above. This building the Methodists converted to peaceful 
uses, moving it across alongside of the church, and adapting 
it to vestry and parsonage purposes. 

By the generosity of Mr. L. C. Blakey, a former member 
of the parish, who left a bequest larger than has ever been 
received by any other religious society in town, it was enabled 
to undertake the building of a new church edifice, which was 
completed in 1884, and bears the name of the Blakey Memo- 



354 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

rial Methodist Episcopal Church. The society also owns 
a parsonage. 

Organization for 1888. 

Pastor, Rev. M. G. Prescott. 

Stewards, A. Flagg, E. J. Farris, G. F. Raye, S. O. 
Bridges, Joseph Farris, G. Stevenson, Robert Spear, A. K. 
McLeod, George Farris. 

Trustees, M. Thompson, R. Flagg, J. Farris, G. F. Raye, 
R. Spear, Henry Farris, William Irving, Amos Boyd, A. K. 
McLeod. 

Recording steward, R. Flagg. 

District steward, A. K. McLeod. 

Superintendent Sunday-school, R. Flagg. 

PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL^ CHURCH. 

During the British occupation, regular services were con- 
ducted by the chaplain of the post according to the forms of 
the Church of England ; and, in later years, visiting clergy- 
men of the American Episcopal Church occasionally held ser- 
vices in the houses of worship of some of the other societies 
in town. However, no attempt was made to organize an 
Episcopal church here until 1857, when Rev. William Stone 
Chadwell began to hold services in the Baptist vestry on 
Green Street ; and on the 4th of November of that year 
Christ Church was established, with Mr. Chadwell for its 
first rector, Robert Ker and Gideon W. Stickney, wardens, 
and Winslow Bates, D. N. Clark, and Theodore Cary, vestry- 
men. Steps were immediately taken toward building a 
church on Key Street, which was completed the following 
year, and consecrated by Bishop Burgess on the loth of 
November, 1858. Recently there has been added to the 
parish equipment a convenient and fine-looking rectory, 
which stands on the lot adjoining the church. 



EASTPORT CHURCHES 



355 



Organizatiofi for 1888. 

Rector, Rev. Joseph Dinzey. 

Wardens, W. S. Mildon, A. W. Clark. 

Vestrymen, S. D. Leavitt, Winslow Bates, J. M. Swett, 
E. M. Small, M.D., Ezra Rumery, A. W. Woodman, E. W. 
Bogret. 

Clerk, J. M. Swett. 

Treasurer, W. S. Mildon. 

Sunday-school superintendent, Rev. J. Dinzey. 




CHRIST CHURCH, PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL. 



CHAPTER XI. 
EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION. 

BY CHARLES T. ELDRIDGE. 

It is universally conceded that the War of the American 
Rebellion was initiated Oct. 5, i860, but that its conception 
was formed somewhat anterior to that date. Actual hostil- 
ities, however, did not commence until the morning of April 
12, 1 86 1, when General Beauregard, who was in command 
of the defences in Charleston Harbor, announced to General 
Anderson, the commandant of Fort Sumter, that, unless he 
immediately evacuated that fort, he would open fire forth- 
with. Anderson peremptorily declined ; and the result was 
that at half-past four o'clock on the morning of April 12, 
1861, the batteries opened fire, thereby inaugurating the 
openirrg scene in the local drama which culminated in a 
terrible and bloody civil war of four years' duration. 

The news of the attack and downfall of Sumter was imme- 
diately carried by wire to every home and hamlet in the North 
and West ; and, as a natural consequence, the patriotic zeal of 
the law-abiding American citizen was aroused to fever heat. 
Immediately following the evacuation of Sumter was promul- 
gated (April 15) the proclamation of President Lincoln, 
calling " forth the militia of the several States of the Union, 
to the aggregate number of seventy-five thousand," and 
appealing "to all loyal citizens to favor, facilitate, and aid 
this effort to maintain the honor, the integrity, and existence 
of the National Union, and the perpetuity of popular govern- 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 357 

ment, and to redress wrongs long enough endured." This 
proclamation had its desired effect. Response came from 
all over the land, and in less than forty-eight hours after 
its issuance troops were en route to the expected border of 
conflict. The good old State which bears the motto Dirigo 
was among the first to respond to the call for troops. She 
was only required, under the President's call, to furnish one 
regiment of infantry ; but, anticipating the wants and appre- 
hending the embarrassments under which the general gov- 
ernment would labor in having troops for three months only 
in its service, the legislature, at an extra session, determined 
upon furnishing the general government, at the shortest time 
possible, with ten regiments, fully armed and equipped, to 
serve under a three years' enlistment. 

As the space allotted me in this chapter is rather limited, 
and will not permit me to enter into any extended details, I 
must therefore "cut my cloth according to its measure." 

THE ARMY. 

THE FIRST MAINE CAVALRY. 

This regiment was organized at Augusta, Me., Nov. 5, 
186 1, for three years. The term of the original members 
expired Nov. 4, 1864; but the organization, composed of 
veterans and recruits, was retained in service until Aug. i, 
1865, when it was mustered out, in accordance with orders 
from the War Department. Its entire period of service was 
in the Army of the Potomac ; and the following are the prin- 
cipal and important engagements in which the regiment 
participated, and which are emblazoned in letters of gold 
upon its battle-flags, namely, — 

Middletown, Winchester, Cedar Mountain, Second Bull 
Run, South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Rappa- 
hannock Station, Brandy Station, Aldie, Middleburg, Upper- 



358 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

ville, Gettysburg, Shepherdstown, Sulphur Springs, Mine Run, 
Fortifications of Richmond, Old Church, Todd's Tavern, 
Ground Squirrel Church, Hawes's Shop, Cold Harbor, Tre- 
vilian Station, St. Mary's Church, Deep Bottom, Ream's Sta- 
tion, Wyatt's Farm, Boydton Road, and Bellefield. 

Eastport was very well represented in this regiment, and 
the rolls of Co. D bear evidence to the fact that the follow- 
ing served their country faithfully and gave great credit to 
the town which sent them : — 

George D. Haley, assistant surgeon. Taken prisoner and 
paroled at Middletown. 
Co. D. Charles H. Smith, captain, Oct. 19, 1861 ; major, Feb. 16, 
1863 ; lieutenant-colonel, March i, 1863 ; colonel, June 
18, 1863. Brevetted brigadier-general volunteers, Aug. 
I, 1864, for distinguished conduct in the engagement 
at St. Mary's Church (wounded June 24, 1864). Bre- 
vetted major-general volunteers, March 13, 1865, for 
highly distinguished and meritorious service. Mus- 
tered out Aug. II, 1865. Received brevets of briga- 
dier-general, U.S.A., March 2, 1S67, for gallant and 
meritorious service in the battle of Sailors' Creek, Va., 
and brevet major-general, U.S.A., March 2, 1867, for 
gallant and meritorious service during the war. (Ser- 
vice after the war closed omitted.) 

A. H. Bibber, first sergeant. Promoted second lieu- 
tenant, Co. D. Promoted adjutant. Promoted cap- 
tain, Co. F. Promoted assistant adjutant-general of 
volunteers. 

Ebed L. Shackford, corporal and quartermaster-sergeant. 

Andrew B. Stetson, farrier. 

EHjah C. Wilder, saddler. 

George P. Andrews, private. Promoted sergeant. 

Charles H. Bell, Jr., private. Promoted corporal and ser- 
geant. Wounded July 16, 1863, and June 9, 1864. 

Loring W. Bell, private. 

Leslie B. Gardner, private. Died June 30, 1863, at Wash- 
ington, D.C. 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 359 

Gilbert N. Harris, private. Promoted corporal and ser- 
geant. 

James E. Nutt, private. 

James E. Stayner, private. Promoted first sergeant and 
second lieutenant. Promoted first lieutenant. Killed 
at Chamberlain's Creek, near Dinwiddle Court-house, 
Va., March 31, 1864. 

James T. Williams, private. 

Peter N. Kane, private. Transferred to signal corps. 

John Abrams, private. . Promoted corporal and sergeant. 
Transferred from First Massachusetts Infantry. 

William W. Bryant, private. 

Charles J. Davis, private. 

Alexander Falconer, private. Wounded June 24, 1864. 

Joseph Merriam, private. Appointed bugler. Wounded 
Aug. 23, 1864. 
Co. K. Jeremiah L. Carson, private. 

THE SECOND MAINE CAVALRY. 

This regiment was organized at Augusta, Me., from Nov. 
30, 1863, ^o J^"- 2, 1864, for three years; mustered out 
between Dec. 6 and 21, 1865. It had its service in the 
Department of the Gulf, and participated in the engage- 
ments at Cherryville Cross Roads, Marksville, Avoyelles 
Prairie, Yellow Bayou, La., Milton, Fla., Spanish Fort, Ala. 

The only Eastport boys in this regiment were : — 

Jacob M. Dean, private, Co. D, who died at Thibodeaux, La., 
July 2, 1864. 

James A. Nichols, corporal, Co. D. Promoted sergeant. Residence 
when enlisted, Calais. Enlisted to fill quota of Thomaston. 

Jesse G. Chambers, private, Co. H. Enlisted to fill quota of Bel- 
fast, Me. 

COAST GUARDS ARTILLERY. 

Co. C was organized in July, 1861, and garrisoned Fort 
Sullivan, Me. The following is the list of Eastport boys in 



360 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

this company. Those marked * were transferred to the 
Eighteenth INIaine Infantry Aug. 4, 1862, and those marked 
t were mustered out of service Sept. 13, 1862 : — 

* George W. Sabine, first lieutenant, 
t L. L. Potter, second Heutenant. 

* Gershom C. Bibber, first sergeant, 
t George P. Potter, sergeant. 

* Ezra Dean, corporal. 
*John W. Pressly, corporal. 

* Hiram F. Swett, corporal. 

t Andrew Harrington, Jr., musician. 
*James Moone}-, musician. 
John Barbrick, private. Discharged from Fort Sullivan, Me., 
July 14, 1862. 

* Elias Brewster, private. 

f Evan E. Bridges, private. 
*Parrion W. Cook, private. 
*Abner S. Farrow, private. 

* James Finn, private. 

* Edward J. Gilligan, private. 

* George E. Higgins, private, 
t Hibbard Hunt, private. 

* George Hunter, private, 
t Wilson Lawler, private. 

t Benjamin Murphy, private. 

* Cornelius Nickerson, private, 
f Stillman Rhodes, private, 

* William J. F. Richter, private. 
*John Robinson, private. 

* James Sears, private. 

* Richard Sears, private. 

* Hiram Smith, private. 

* Robert Smith, private. 

t Robert Thompson, private. 

* Andrew Tucker, private. 
*John Johnson, Jr., private. 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 36 1 

THE FIRST REGIMENT OF MAINE HEAVY ARTILLERY. 

This regiment was organized at Bangor and Augusta, Me., 
Aug. 21, 1862, for three years, as the Eighteenth Regiment 
of Infantry, changed to heavy artiller}^ and designated the 
First Regiment, 1862. Two additional companies were or- 
ganized, — one in January, 1864, the other in February, 1864. 
The original members were mustered out June 6, 1865 ; and 
the organization, composed of veterans and recruits of this 
regiment and accessions from the Seventeenth and Nine- 
teenth Regiments of Maine Infantry, remained in service 
until Sept. 11, 1865, when it was mustered out in accordance 
with orders from the War Department. This regiment had 
its service in the Army of the Potomac. The list of battles 
emblazoned on its battle-flags are as follows : — 

Fredericksburg, Tolopotomy, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, 
Deep Bottom, and Boydton Road. 

This regiment lost heavily in the engagements before 
Fredericksburg and Petersburg, the aggregate loss in the 
former being 476, in the latter 464. In this regiment, East- 
port had a large representation ; and all or nearly all were 
huddled together in Co. K, while a few appear on the rolls 
of Cos. A and M. The following are the names of the boys 
who left their homes to brave the dangers of war and to aid 
their country in putting an end to the terrible civil conflict : — 

George W. Sabine, captain. Promoted major and lieutenant- 
colonel. Fatally wounded June 17, 1864; died May 28, 1865. 

Gershom C. Bibber, first sergeant. Promoted second and first 
lieutenant. Killed May 19, 1S64. 

John W. Pressly, sergeant. Wounded May 19, 1864. 

Ezra Dean, sergeant. Wounded June iS, 1864. 

Hiram F. Swett, corporal. Promoted sergeant, first sergeant, and 
second lieutenant. 

Abner S. Farrow, corporal. Died Oct. 28, 1863. 

Robert Smith, corporal. Exchanged prisoner. Died in Phila- 
delphia December, 1864. 



362 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Edward J. Gilligan, corporal. 

John Johnson, Jr., corporal. Died of wounds June 19, 1864. 

Cornelius Nickerson, corporal. Wounded May 31, 1S64. 

James Mooney, musician. 

Andrew Tucker, musician. 

Elias Brewster, private. Wounded June 18, 1864. 

Parrion W. Cook, private. Wounded May 19, 1864. 

Arthur S. Chickering, private. 

Timothy Collins, private. Died of wounds July 9, 1864. 

James Finn, private. 

George E. Higgins, private. ^ 1 

George Hunter, private. Wounded June 18, 1864. 

Edward J. Kirnin, private. Promoted corporal. Wounded June 

18, 1864. 
Archibald McKenzie, private. Promoted corporal. 
Jacob Henry, private. Promoted sergeant. 
Albion K. Tripp, private. Died of disease Dec. 22, 1864. 
Charles Miller, private. Missing Aug. 26, 1862. 
Joseph Moholland, private. Wounded June 17, 1864. 
William J. F. Richter, private. 
John Robinson, private. Wounded June 18, 1864. 
James Sears, private. Died of wounds Aug. 5, 1864. Interred in 

National Cemetery, Alexandria, Va. 
Richard Sears, private. Killed in action June i, 1864. 
Hiram Smith, private. Promoted corporal. 
Thomas Toohey, private. Wounded June 18, 1864. 
John T. Ward, private. Promoted corporal and sergeant. 

Wounded June 18, 1864. Died of disease March 10, 1865. 
Robert H. Gibson, private. 
John E. Corbett, private. Promoted corporal. 
George P. Potter, private. Killed in action May 20, 1864. 

Co. A. Andrew Hooper, private. Wounded 1864. 

George W. Hooper, private. Wounded 1864. 

Benjamin F. Shaw, private. Promoted corporal and 
transferred from Nineteenth Infantry. 
Co. M. * William P. Johnson, private. 

* Frederick Stanhope, private. 

* Edwin Stanton, private. Killed in action June 18, 1864. 

* Recruits mustered into service by provost marshal, 1S63 and 1S64. 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 363 

FIRST BATTALION MAINE LIGHT ARTILLERY. 

This organization was composed of seven batteries, serv- 
ing in different commands, which were organized for three 
years. In this battalion, the Eastport boys are represented 
as having served in the first, fifth, and sixth batteries, 
and of these batteries a brief history of the organization, 
etc., is furnished, namely : the first was organized at Port- 
land, Me., Dec. i8, 1861 ; the fifth at Augusta, Me., Dec. 4, 
1861 ; the sixth at Augusta, j\Ie., Feb. 7, 1862. The former 
was mustered out July 15, 1865; the fifth mustered out 
June 17, 1865 ; the last, June 21, 1865. 

The first battery contained the names of : — 

Albert W. Bradbury, second lieutenant. Promoted first lieuten- 
ant. Promoted captain. Promoted major. 

John E. IVIorton, first sergeant. Promoted second lieutenant. 
Promoted first lieutenant. Killed in action at Cedar Creek, 
Va., Oct. 19, 1864. 

Edward Cross, private. Promoted quartermaster-sergeant. 

Charles D. Henry, private. Died of disease Jan. i, 1S63. 

Michael Mooney, private. Promoted to sergeant. Promoted 
second lieutenant. Wounded Oct. 19, 1864. 

Israel Robinson, private. Promoted to sergeant. Killed in action 
Oct. 19, 1864. 

John Veilson, private. Missing March 26, 1864. 

Isaac N. Chickering, private. Promoted corporal. 

W. H. Balkam, private. Missing Aug. 11, 1864. 

Harrison W. Hendrie, private. 

John P. O'Connor, private. 

Samuel Patterson, private. 

The fifth battery contained the name of Private George A. 
Appleby, missing March 31, 1862. The sixth battery con- 
tained the names of William H. Rogers, second lieutenant 
Feb. 18, 1862. Promoted first lieutenant March 12, 1863. 
Promoted captain Jan. i, 1865. James E. Winchester, pri- 



364 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

vate. Transferred to navy April, 1864. George L. Win- 
chester, private. Transferred to navy April, 1864. 

The first battery was in service in the Department of the 
Gulf from 1862 to 1863 inclusive, and in the Army of the 
Potomac from 1864 to 1865 inclusive, and distinguished 
itself in engagements at Georgia Landing, Gotten, Bisland, 
Port Hudson, and Cox's Plantation, La. 

The fifth served wholly in the Army of the Potomac, and 
participated in the following engagements : Chancellorsville, 
Gettysburg, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, Peters- 
burg, Opequan, Fisher's Hill, and Cedar Creek. The sixth 
served in the Army of the Potomac, and participated in the 
following battles : Cedar Mountain, Second Bull Run, Chan- 
tilly, Antietam, Gettysburg, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spottsyl- 
vania, North Anna, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, and Deep 
Bottom. 

FIRST BATTALION OF SHARPSHOOTERS. 

This battalion organized at Augusta, Me., from Oct. 27, 
1864, to Dec. 29, 1864, for one and three years. It was 
consolidated with the Twentieth Regiment Maine Volun- 
teers June 21, 1865. 

Eastport had a representative in Co. E of this battalion, 
namely, Alexander Stinson, corporal, transferred to Twen- 
tieth Regiment Maine Volunteers. 

FIRST VETERAN REGIiNIENT. 

This regiment was organized Sept. 20, 1864, by consolida- 
tion of the veterans and recruits of the Fifth, Sixth, and 
Seventh Regiments Maine Volunteers, and mustered out of 
service June 28, 1865. It had its service wholly in the 
Army of the Potomac. The list of engagements in which it 
bore an honorable part is as follows : Bull Run, Yorktown, 
Williamsburg, West Point, Gaines's Mill, Savage Station, 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 365 

White Oak Swamp, Malvern Hill, Crampton's Gap, Antie- 
tam, Marye's Heights, Salem Heights, Gettysburg, Rappa- 
hannock Station, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, 
Petersburg, Fort Stevens, Opequan, Fisher's Hill, and Cedar 
Creek. 

With but few exceptions, which will hereafter appear, Co. 
D of this regiment bears the names of the Eastport boys 
who formerly did service in Co. K, Sixth Maine, and who 
continued the good work in the First Veterans which they 
commenced and performed throughout their entire service in 
Co. K of the "Old Fighting Sixth." The list is as fol- 
lows : — 

Daniel Apt, Jr., private from Co. K, Sixth Maine. 

Barney Cassidy, private from Co. K, Sixth Maine. Missing Aug. 
6, 1S64. 

Patrick Dugan, private from Co. K, Sixth Maine. Missing. 

George P. Davis, private from Co. K, Sixth Maine. 

Joseph H. Demott, sergeant from Co. K, Sixth Maine. 

Henry Hudson, private from Co. K, Sixth Maine. 

Thomas C. Jones, private from Co. K, Sixth Maine. 

Wellington Logan, private from Co. K, Sixth Maine. 

Richard Magee, private from Co. K, Sixth Maine. 

Andrew Mathews, private from Co. K, Sixth Maine. 

Andrew J. Potter, private from Co. K, Sixth Maine, 

Robert R. P. Potter, private from Co. K, Sixth Maine. 

Dennis Ouinn, Jr., private from Co. K, Sixth Maine. 

Joseph Ramsdell, private from Co. K, Sixth Maine. 

Frederick Tucker, private from Co. K, Sixth Maine. Promoted 
sergeant-major Seventh Regiment. 

John B. Waid, second lieutenant. Promoted first lieutenant, Co. G. 

Joseph Whelpley, sergeant. Promoted second lieutenant. Died 
of wounds March 25, 1865. Buried near Patrick Station, 
Petersburg, Va. 

Charles T. Witherell, captain Aug. 21, 1864; brevet-major volun- 
teers Oct. 19, 1864, for gallant conduct during the whole 
campaign before Richmond, and especially in the battles of 



366 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Winchester, Fisher's Hill, and Cedar Creek, Va. Mustered 
out June 28, 1865. Received brevets of captain, U.S.A., 
March 2, 1867, for gallant and meritorious service in the bat- 
tle of Marye's Heights, Va., and brevet-major, U.S.A., March 
2, 1867, for gallant and meritorious service in the battle of 
Rappahannock Station, Va. Was wounded at Spottsylvania 
Court-house, at Petersburg, and twice at Rappahannock Sta- 
tion. (Service after the war closed omitted.) 

Stephen Canfield, private from Co. K, Sixth Maine. 

Sidney Hunter, private, represented Co. A, having been trans- 
ferred from Co. H, Fifth Maine. 

John McGregor, sergeant, and William Marshall, private and cor- 
poral, represented Co. E, having been transferred from Co. 
G, Sixth Maine. 

John B. Waid, represented Co. G as first lieutenant, having been 
transferred as second lieutenant from Co. D. 

Alexander Humes, private (wounded March 25, 1865), represented 
Co. F, and Matthew Thompson, private, represented Co. K. 
Missing. 

John M. Gookin, private, represented Co. B. Transferred from 
Co. B, Seventh Maine Volunteers. Subsequently transferred 
to the navy. 

THE FIRST BATTALION OF MAINE INFANTRY. 

This battalion, composed of four companies, was organ- 
ized at Augusta and Portland, Me., in February and March, 

1865, to serve three years. It was mustered out April 5, 

1866. Its period of service was in the Army of the Potomac 
and the Department of the South. No battles are reported. 
In Co. A of this battalion are found the names of the follow- 
ing Eastport boys : — 

Calvin S. Brown, captain. Promoted lieutenant-colonel. 
Sylvester L. Brown, second lieutenant. Promoted first lieutenant. 
J. De Wolfe Andrews, private. 
Demetrius A. Blanch, private. 

William C. Corbett, private. Promoted corporal. Murdered 
Oct. 9, 1865. 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 367 

William P. Cook, private. Promoted sergeant and second lieu- 
tenant. 

Patrick W. Cunningham, private. 

Samuel W. Eye, private. 

Henry A. Eye, private. 

Robert Green, private. 

Edwin F. Gardner, private. 

Charles W. Lewis, private. Promoted corporal. 

Elias S. Lane, private. 

James A. Morrison, private. 

Edward McNeill, private. 

Peter Martin, private. 

John O'Grady, Jr., private. Promoted corporal. Promoted ser- 
geant. 

Charles S. Patterson, private. 

John S. Patterson, private. 

Norman Patterson, private. Promoted corporal and sergeant. 

Fergus Potter, private. Promoted corporal. 

Charles O. Ouinby, private. Promoted sergeant. 

Benjamin B. Ricker, private. 

James Roop, private. Died July 7, 1865. 

George M. Ross, private. 

James E. Searles, private. 

James W. Spear, private. 

Asa Ward, private. 

Samuel W. Wood, private. Promoted corporal. Promoted ser- 
geant. 

James B. Lewis, private. 

In Co. C, George Thompson, private, is enrolled ; and, in 
Co. D, Robert McElroy, private, Robert Thompson, private, 
and Lorenzo Vose, private (promoted corporal), are enrolled 

THE SECOND REGIMENT OF MAINE INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Bangor, and mustered into 
the United States service at Willet's Point, N.Y., May 28 
1 86 1, to serve two and three years; performed duty in the 



368 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Army of the Potomac. It took a prominent part in the 
battle of Bull Run, the engagement at Hanover Court- 
house, the battles of Malvern Hill, Manassas, Antietam, 
and Fredericksburg. The two years' men were mustered 
out of service June 9, 1863; and the remaining men were 
transferred to the Twentieth Maine Volunteers. 

The only names of Eastporters appearing in this regiment 
are enrolled in Co. A, namely : — 

William J. Canday, private. Prison paroled Sept. 3, 1862. Trans- 
ferred to Twentieth Maine Volunteers May 20, 1863. 

William F. Gould, private. Transferred to Twentieth Maine 
Volunteers May 20, 1863, Co. B, musician. 

THE THIRD REGIMENT OF MAINE INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Augusta, Me., June 4, 
1861, for three years. The original members were mustered 
out June 28, 1864, and the recruits transferred to the Seven- 
teenth Maine. This regiment had its entire service in the 
Army of the Potomac, and distinguished itself in the battle 
of Bull Run, Siege of Yorktown, battle of Williamsburg, 
Seven Pines, White Oak Swamp, Malvern Hill, Bull Run, 
Chantilly, Monocacy, Fredericksburg, Wilderness, Chancel- 
lorsville, Gettysburg, Peach Orchard, Kelly's Ford, Orange 
Grove, Mine Run, Spottsylvania, and Cold Harbor. 

William S. Pine, private, is the only Eastport boy enrolled 
in this regiment; and his service was with Co. K. He was 
discharged April 15, 1864, to enter the United States Navy. 

THE FOURTH REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Rockland, Me., June 15, 
1 86 1, to serve three years. The original members (except 
veterans) were mustered out of service July 19, 1864, and 
the veterans and recruits transferred to the Nineteenth 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 369 

Maine Volunteers. This regiment had its entire period of 
service in the Army of the Potomac, and participated in the 
following engagements : Bull Run, Siege of Yorktown, Chan- 
tilly, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Wapping Heights, 
Kelly's Ford, Torbet's Tavern, and Wilderness. 

John Maguire, private, is the only Eastport name enrolled 
in this regiment ; and his service was with Co, I. He was 
transferred to the navy April 26, 1864. 

THE FIFTH REGIMENT. 

This regiment was organized at Portland, Me., June 24, 
1861, for three years. The original members (except vet- 
erans) were mustered out of service July 27, 1864, and the 
veterans and recruits transferred to the Sixth Maine Battal- 
ion. This regiment performed duty in the Army of the 
Potomac. It was engaged in the battles of Bull Run, West 
Point, Gaines's Mill, Crampton's Pass, Antietam, Chancel- 
lorsville, Gettysburg, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Har- 
bor, and Petersburg. 

The only Eastport names enrolled in this regiment are 
those of Nathaniel Daggett, private, Co. B, discharged in 
1863, on Western gunboat service. Charles K. Sherwood, 
private, promoted first sergeant, Co. F, and Edwin J. Sewall, 
private, and Sidney Hunter, private, Co. H. The latter 
was transferred to the First Maine Veteran Infantry. 

THE SIXTH REGIMENT. 

The gallant Sixth Maine, or more widely known through- 
out the Army of the Potomac as the " Fighting Sixth," con- 
tained some of the best fighting material it was possible for 
a regiment to contain, and was one of the best that ever left 
the State in defence of the general government. This regi- 
ment was organized in the eastern part of the State, one 
battalion having formed at Bangor, the other at Fort Sulli- 



370 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

van, Eastport, Me. This latter battalion was under the 
charge of Major Aaron Hayden. In it was incorporated 
Co. K, the Eastport company, under the gallant and fear- 
less leader Captain Theodore Cary. These battalions were 
united at Portland on the 15th of July, and on the 17th the 
regiment left for the seat of war. The original members 
(except veterans) were mustered out of service Aug. 15, 
1864, and the veterans and recruits transferred to the 
Seventh Maine Volunteers. This regiment had its service 
wholly in the Army of the Potomac. Among the many 
prominent engagements in which it participated and dis- 
tinguished itself may be mentioned Siege of Yorktown, bat- 
tle of Lee's Mills, Williamsburg, Garnet's Farm, Antietam, 
Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Rappahannock 
Station, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, and Petersburg. 

In the battle of Chancellorsville, it lost 128 officers and 
men in killed and wounded. In the capture of the enemy's 
works at Rappahannock Station, it lost 16 officers and 123 
enlisted men, killed and wounded. At Spottsylvania, it lost 
125 men in killed, wounded, and missing; and on the 12th 
of May, 1864, the regiment, numbering in all 70 men, was 
under fire eight hours, and lost 16 officers and men, killed 
and wounded. The regiment participated in long and 
fatiguing marches of the Pennsylvania campaign, and was 
present at the battle of Gettysburg, though not actively en- 
gaged with the enemy. 

Eastport was represented in three companies of this regi- 
ment ; namely, Cos. F, G, and K. William O. Henry, pri- 
vate, was on the roll of Co. F. Died Dec. 6, 1863. John 
McGregor, sergeant, transferred to Co. E, First Maine Vol- 
unteers ; John Griffin, private ; Charles W. McGregor, pri- 
vate ; and William Marshall, private (promoted corporal), on 
the roll of Co. G. Griffin was transferred to the navy April 
10, 1864, aiid Marshall transferred to Co. E, First Maine Vet- 
erans. 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 37 1 

Co. K contained the following Eastport boys : — 

Theodore Cary, captain. Resigned Feb. 12. 1863. 

Thomas P. Roach, first lieutenant. Promoted captain. Wounded 
May 3, 1863. Died May 28, 1863. 

Charles Day, second lieutenant. Resigned March i, 1862. 

John B. Waid, first sergeant. Promoted second lieutenant. 
Wounded September, 1S62. Promoted first lieutenant, Co. G, 
First Maine Veteran Infantry. Commissioned captain, Co. G, 
First Maine Veteran Infantry, March 25, 1865. 

George H. Patterson, sergeant. Discharged for disability Sept. 
3, 1862. 

Charles T. Witherell, sergeant May 7, 1861. Discharged March 
10, 1862. Appointed second lieutenant March 10, 1862. Pro- 
moted first lieutenant Feb. 12, 1863. Promoted captain Aug. 
13, 1863. Transferred to Co. D, Seventh Maine, August, 
1864. Transferred to First Maine Veterans Sept. 17, 1864. 
Wounded at Rappahannock Station, Va., Nov. 7, 1863. 

Samuel H. Wheeler, sergeant. Left service in 1863. 

George W. Corbett, corporal. Promoted sergeant. Killed Nov. 
7, 1863. 

Francis E. Sabine, corporal. Missing Jan. 14, 1863. 

Robert H. Gibson, corporal. Discharged for disability Dec. 
10, 1862. 

Harrison Huckings, corporal. Exchanged prisoner. Discharged 
for disability March 7, 1862. 

Joseph Whelpley, corporal. Transferred to First Maine Veterans. 

James Hutchinson, corporal. Discharged for disability Nov. 28, 
1S62. Mustered in again Jan. 27, 1864. 

Frederick Tucker, musician. Transferred to First Maine Vet- 
erans. 

George Anderson, private. Promoted corporal. 

Daniel Apt, Jr., private. Transferred to First Maine Veterans. 

Daniel Andrews, private. Discharged for disability June 30, 1862. 

George A. Archer, private. Missing Oct. 10, 1S61. 

William H. H. Bates, private. Promoted quartermaster sergeant. 
Discharged for disability March 30, 1864. 

Barney Cassidy, private. Transferred to First Maine Veteran 
Volunteers. 



372 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Joseph H. Demott, private. Promoted corporal. Promoted ser- 
geant. Transferred to First Maine Veterans. 

Patrick Dugan, private. Wounded Nov. 7, 1863. Transferred to 
First Maine Veterans. 

George S. Dunn, private. Discharged Nov. 16, 1863. Trans- 
ferred to Western Flotilla. 

John A. Gray, private. Promoted to corporal and to color-ser- 
geant. Killed Nov. 7, 1863. 

Jacob S. Hinkley, private. 

Henry Hudson, private. Transferred to Co. D, First Maine Vet- 
eran Volunteers. 

Charles Hammond, private. Killed Nov. 7, 1863. 

Emile Hanniman, private. Wounded Nov. 7, 1863; died Nov. 12, 
1863. Buried at Military Asylum. 

Lorenzo S. Kimball, private. Discharged for disability Dec. 23, 
1862. 

Wellington Logan, private. Transferred to First Maine Veteran 
Volunteers. 

William McHance, private. Missing June 30, 1863. 

Hugh Mangum, private. Wounded May 3, 1863. Transferred to 
the navy April 14, 1864. 

Richard Magee, private. Transferred to First Maine Veteran 
Volunteers. 

Andrew Matthews, private. Transferred to First Maine Veteran 
Volunteers. 

Jeremiah K. Pike, private. 

Andrew J. Potter, private. Transferred to First Maine Veterans. 

Robert R. P. Potter, private. Transferred to First Maine Vet- 
erans. 

Fergus Potter, private. Wounded Nov. 7, 1863. 

Robert F. Parker, private. Transferred to First Maine Veteran 
Infantry. Transferred to Invalid Corps. 

Dennis Ouinn, Jr., private. Transferred to First Maine Veteran 
Volunteers. 

Joseph Ramsdell, private. Transferred to First Maine Veteran 
Volunteers. 

John W. Renshaw, private. Discharged for disability March i, 
1862. 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 373 

William Stinson, private. Detached to Mott's Battery 1862, 

Missing in action May 10, 1864. 
Albert P. Coffin, private. Died at Alexandria, Va., April 4, 1862. 
Edward J. Short, private. Discharged for disability Dec. 7, 1862. 

Mustered in again Jan. 27, 1864. Transferred to the navy 

June 25, 1864. 
Gilman A. Swett, private. Promoted corporal. Killed May 3, 

1863. 
Thomas Sharkey, private. Promoted corporal. Killed Nov. 7, 

1863. 
Hugh Thompson, private. Wounded May 3, 1863. Discharged 

for disability May 14, 1864. 
Stephen Canfield, private. Transferred to First Maine Veterans. 
Joseph Coad, private. Discharged for disability Dec. 23, 1861. 
Richard Walsh, private. Promoted corporal. Wounded May 3, 

1S63. 
Joseph Williamson, private. 

THE SEVENTH REGIMENT. 

This regiment was organized at Augusta, Me., Aug. 21, 
186 1, to serve three years. On the expiration of term of 
service, the original members (except veterans) were mus- 
tered out, and the veterans and recruits consolidated with 
the Fifth and Sixth Regiments to form the First Veteran 
Infantry, September, 1864. 

This regiment had its service in the Army of the Potomac, 
and was engaged in the battles of Williamsburg, Mechanics- 
ville, Fair Oaks, Savage Station, White Oak Swamp, Mal- 
vern Hill, South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chan- 
cellorsville, Gettysburg, Rappahannock Station, Mine Run, 
Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, Weldon Railroad, 
and Fort Stevens. 

Co. B. John M. Gookin, private. Transferred to Co. B, First 

Maine \"eterans. 
Co. C. John G. Lambert, private. Transferred to the regular 

army Jan. 27, 1863. 



374 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Co. D. James Smith, private. Promoted sergeant. Reduced to 
ranks. Promoted to sergeant for good conduct at An- 
tietam Sept. 17, 1862. Transferred to regular army 
Jan. 26, 1863. 

Charles T. Witherell, captain. Transferred to First 
Maine Veterans. 

John B. Waid, second lieutenant. Transferred to First 
Maine Veterans. 
Co. F. Alexander Humes, private. Transferred to Co. F, First 
Maine Veterans. Wounded March 25, 1865. 

THE NINTH REGIMENT. 

This regiment was organized at Augusta, Me., Sept. 22, 
1 86 1, to serve three years. The original members (except 
veterans) were mustered out of service Sept. 27, 1864, 
and the regiment, composed of veterans and recruits, re- 
tained in service until July 13, 1865, when it was mustered 
out of service. 

This regiment had its service in the Departments of the 
South and Virginia, and was engaged in the capture of Port 
Royal, Fernandina, and Morris Island, in several assaults on 
Fort Wagner (in which over three hundred men were killed, 
wounded, and missing), engaged the enemy at Walthall Junc- 
tion, Drury's Bluff, Bermuda Hundred, Cold Harbor, Peters- 
burg, Deep Bottom, Forts Harrison and Gilmore, Chapin's 
Farm, Derbytown Road, and Fort Fisher, N.C. 

Quite a number of Eastport boys are found in this regi- 
ment, namely : — 

Sabine Emery. Appointed captain, Co. A, Sept. 21, 1862. 
Promoted major Sept. 23, 1862. Promoted lieutenant- 
colonel. Promoted colonel. Wounded at Fort Wagner 
July 18, 1863. Resigned May 25, 1864. 

George Burton Dyer. Commissioned major Oct. 4, 1864. 
Brevetted lieutenant-colonel and colonel March 13, 
1865, " for gallant and meritorious conduct during the 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 375 

war." Detailed acting assistant quartermaster, First 
Brigade, Tenth Army Corps, Aug. 19, 1S63; acting 
aide-de-camp, Third Brigade, Second Division, Tenth 
Army Corps, July i, 1864; acting assistant adjutant- 
general, Third Brigade, Second Division, Tenth Army 
Corps, Sept. 6, 1864; acting assistant inspector-gen- 
eral, Third Brigade, Second Division, Tenth Army 
Corps, Sept. 11, 1864. Assigned to command redoubt 
on the front of Third Brigade, Second Division, Tenth 
Army Corps, Oct. 21, 1864. Assigned to command 
First Provisional Battalion of Provisional Brigade, 
Third Division, Twenty-fourth Army Corps, Jan. 3. 
1865. Provost marshal, city of Raleigh, N.C., April 
30, 1865. Discharged the service July 13, 1865. (For 
prior service, see Co. B.) 
Co. A. Frederick A. Emery. Appointed second lieutenant Sept. 
22, 1 861. Promoted first lieutenant Sept. 23, 1862. 
Resigned Oct. 27, 1862. 

Henry Hopkins, private. 

Robert S. Tripp, private. Missing. 

Aaron Morang, private. Promoted corporal and ser- 
geant. Prisoner Aug. 16, 1864. 
Co. B. John Le B. Andrews, private. 

Charles W. Bibber, private. Transferred to Co. F, 
Tenth Veteran Reserve Corps. 

George H. Bibber, private. Promoted quartermaster 
sergeant. 

Josiah N. Coffin, private. Transferred to Co. F as sec- 
ond lieutenant Dec. 30, 1862. Resigned April 18, 1863. 

Daniel P. Coffin, private. Wounded May 16, 1864. 

Cornelius Coveny, private. 

George Burton Dyer, private, Sept. 10, 1862. Promoted 
first sergeant April 25, 1863. Promoted second lieu- 
tenant June 23, 1863. Promoted captain Aug. 22, 1864. 
(Subsequent service in the line.) 

William B. Grover, private. Discharged for promotion 
in medical department. 

Charles H. Hardy, private. Wounded June 30, 1864. 

Frederick Paine, private. Wounded May 16, 1S64. 



376 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Co. H. Charles E. Harris, private. Transferred to Co. F, Tenth 
Veteran Reserve Corps. 

James H. Camplin, private. 

William Hatch, private. Died of disease July i, 1863. 

George W. Stevens, private. 

W. S. Guptill, private. 

Richard C. Wallis, private. 

James Whalen, private. 

M. Henry Woodbury, private. 

George W. Woodward, private. Died of disease April 
4, 1865. 

Henry H. Wadsworth. Promoted sergeant-major. Com- 
missioned second lieutenant, Co. H, Oct. 26, 1864. Pro- 
moted first lieutenant, Co. G, Jan. 4, 1865. Transferred 
from first lieutenant, Co. G, and promoted adjutant. 
Discharged as adjutant on account of disability from 
wounds received in action. 
Co. K. Frank Baker, private. Transferred to Co. E. Promoted 

commissary sergeant 1865. 
Co. I. Morgan Hogan, private. 

Michael Hynes, private. 
Co. G. Edward Johnston, musician. 

THE TENTH INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Cape Elizabeth, Me., in 
October, 1861, to serve two and three years. The two 
years' men were mustered out of service May 7 and 8, 1863, 
and the remaining men consolidated into a battalion, which 
was transferred to the Twenty-ninth Maine Volunteers Nov. 
I, 1863. 

This regiment had its service in the Army of the Potomac, 
and joined in the retreat of General Banks's forces to Will- 
iamsport, Md., participated in the battle of Cedar Mountain, 
where it lost heavily, and took part in the battle of Antietam. 

The only Eastport names found on the rolls are those of 
Joseph Berwin, private, in Co. A, who was afterward trans- 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 377 

ferred to Co. H, Twenty-ninth Maine Volunteers, and Henr\' 
A. Burnham, sergeant, Co. C. 

THE ELEVENTH REGIMENT. 

This regiment was organized at Augusta, Me., in Novem- 
ber, 1 86 1, to serve three years. On the expiration of its 
term of service, the original members (except veterans) were 
mustered out, and the organization, composed of veterans 
and recruits, mustered out Feb. 2, 1866. 

This regiment had its service in the Department of the 
South and the Army of the Potomac. It was engaged at 
Yorktown, Williamsburg, Seven Pines, White Oak Swamp, 
Port Walthall Junction, Chester Station, Bermuda Hundred, 
New Market, Petersburg, Derbytown Road, Hatcher's Run, 
and in the assault on Forts Gregg and Baldwin, and in the 
engagement at Clover Hill. 

Among the Eastport boys enrolled in this regiment are : — 

James Stinson, private. 

Robert Mathews, private, Co. D. Wounded April 2, 1865. 

Thomas T. Taber, private, Co. F. Transferred to Co. B Nov. 7, 
1 861. Transferred to Co. G Oct. i, 1862. Promoted ser- 
geant Jan. I, 1865. Wounded April 9, 1865. 

Nathaniel Hooper, private, Co. G. Transferred from Co. B. 
Wounded in action May 15, 1864. Promoted corporal July 
30. 1864. 

THE TWELFTH REGIMENT. 

This regiment was organized at Cape Elizabeth, Me., Nov. 
16, 1 86 1, to serve three years. The original members (ex- 
cept veterans) were mustered out Dec. 7, 1864, and the vet- 
erans and recruits consolidated into a battalion of four com- 
panies, and retained in service. Six new companies were 
organized at Portland, Me., in February and March, 1865, 
to serve one, two, and three years, and assigned to this 
organization, and mustered out of service April 18, 1866. 



378 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

This regiment had its service in the Department of the 
Gulf, Army of the Potomac, and Department of the South, 
and participated in the expedition to Manchac Pass, Port 
Hudson, Donaldsonville, Irish Bend, La., Winchester and 
Cedar Creek, Va. 

In Co. B of this regiment were enrolled : — 

John Enright, private. Discharged for disability Sept. 9, 1863. 
Charles E. Preston, private. Drowned at Ship Island, Miss., 

April 5, 1862. 
Hibbard Hunt, private. Discharged for disability Jan. 2, 1862. 
Edward Robinson, private. Died at New Orleans July i, 1862. 
Moses Series, private. Transferred to battalion, Twelfth Maine, 

Co. D. 
George H. Mack, private. Missing Aug. 6, 1863. 

BATTALION TWELFTH REGLMENT INFANTRY. 

This battalion was composed of re-enlisted men and re- 
cruits of the Twelfth Regiment Maine Infantry, organized 
into a battalion of four companies, lettered A, B, C, and 
D, by Special Orders 85, Head-quarters Middle Military 
Division, Nov. 16, 1864. 

Co. D. Moses Series, private. Transferred from Co. B, Twelfth 
Infantry. 

THE FIFTEENTH REGIMENT. 

This regiment was organized at Augusta, Me., from the 
6th to 31st of December, 1861, to serve three years. On the 
expiration of its term, the original members (except veterans) 
were mustered out. The organization, composed of vet- 
erans and recruits, was mustered out July 5, 1866. 

This regiment had its service in the Department of the 
Gulf, Army of the Potomac, and Department of the South, 
and was engaged in the storming of the enemy's works on 
Mustang Island and in the capture of Fort Esperanza in 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 379 

Matagorda Bay, Tex. ; engaged in the battles of Pleasant 
Hill, Cane River Crossing, and Sabine Cross Roads, La. 
In this regiment, Eastport is credited with the following : 

James F. Tilton, quartermaster sergeant. Promoted 
quartermaster and acting brigade quartermaster. Re- 
signed July 5, 1865. 
Thomas L. Lynch, commissary sergeant. Reduced to 

ranks, and transferred to Co. K. 
Charles O. Dodge, private, Co. A. Appointed drum- 
major Jan. 23, 1862. 
Co. A. Samuel D. Leavitt, first lieutenant. Resigned June 21, 
1862. 
James E. Nutt, private. Promoted to sergeant. Dis- 
charged for disability March 30, 1864. 
Lewis E. Sylvay, private. Discharged Feb. 25, 1863. 
Co. C. Andrew Dougherty, private. Transferred from Co. A. 
Promoted corporal. Reduced to ranks in 1862. 
James Mulholland, private. Mustered out Jan. 19, 1865. 
Co. D. Martin N. Grant, private. Discharged at Augusta, July 

31, 1862. 
Co. G. Charles W. Carpenter, private. Died at Brazos Island, 

Tex., Dec. i, 1863. 
Co. K. George H. Lingley, private. 

George W. Capen, second lieutenant, Dec. 16, 1861. 
Acting aide-de-camp, First Brigade United States forces. 
Promoted first lieutenant July 21, 1863. 
Charles Powers, private. Promoted sergeant. Dis- 
charged Oct. 10, 1862. 

THE SIXTEENTH REGIxMENT. 

This regiment was organized at Augusta, Me., Aug. 14, 
1862, to serve three years. The original members were 
mustered out of service June 5, 1865, and the recruits trans- 
ferred to the Twentieth Maine Volunteers. 

This regiment had its service in the Army of the Potomac, 
and was engaged at South Mountain and Antietam. In the 



380 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

battle of Fredericksburg, it lost, in killed, wounded, and 
missing, 226 men, nearly fifty per cent, of their number en- 
gaged. It took part in the Chancellorsville campaign, was 
actively engaged all through the Gettysburg battle, and, at 
the close of that battle, all that remained for duty of 248, 
officers and men, who entered the engagement in the first 
day, were 2 officers and 15 enlisted men. It was also 
engaged in the battles of Mine Run, Wilderness, and Spott- 
sylvania. In this last engagement, the regiment lost, in 
killed, wounded, and missing, nearly one hundred men. It 
also participated in the charge upon the enemy's lines at 
Laurel Hill, and lost 50 men in killed, wounded, and miss- 
ing. Engaged at North Anna, Bethesda Church, Petersburg, 
Weldon Railroad, Hatcher's Run, and Gravelly Run. 
In this regiment, the following Eastporters appear : — 

Co. A. James A. Steeves, private. Transferred to Co. F, Six- 
teenth Infantry. 
Henry A. White, private. Missing in action June 7, 1864. 
Co. B. George Williams, private. Missing Feb. 20, 1864. 
Co. D. Charles H, Hunt, private. Discharged April 26, 1865. 

EIGHTEENTH MAINE INFANTRY. 

(For history of this regiment, see First Maine Heavy Ar- 
tillery, to which organization the name of the Eighteenth 
Maine was changed.) 

ROSTER OF COMPANY K. 

The following names marked * were transferred from Co. 
C, Coast Guards: — 

* George W. Sabine, captain. * Hiram F. Swett, corporal. 

*Gershom C. Bibber, first serg't. *Abner S. Farrow, corporal. 

*John W. Pressly, sergeant. * Robert Smith, corporal. 
*Ezra Dean, sergeant. Charles Miller, corporal. 



* 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 38 1 

* Edward J. Gilligan, corporal. Archibald McKenzie, private. 
James Mooney, musician. Joseph Moholland, private. 

* Elias Brewster, private. * Cornelius Nickerson, private. 
*Parrion W. Cook, private. * William J. F. Richter, private. 

Arthur S. Chickering, private. *John Robinson, private. 

Timothy Collins, private. * James Sears, private. 

* James Finn, private. * Richard Sears, private. 

* George Eben Higgins, private. * Hiram Smith, private. 

* George Hunter, private. Thomas Toohey, private. 
*John Johnson, Jr., private. * Andrew Tucker, private. 

Edward J. Kernan, private. John T. Ward, private. 

THE NINETEENTH REGIMENT. 

This regiment was organized at Bath, Me., Aug. 25, 1862, 
to serve three years. The original members, whose terms 
of service expired previous to October, 1865, were mustered 
out of service May 31, 1865, ^^'^^^ the remaining men trans- 
ferred to the First Maine Heavy Artillery. 

This regiment had its service in the Department of Vir- 
ginia and the Army of the Potomac. It had its first fight at 
the battle of Fredericksburg, was engaged at Chancellors- 
ville, Bristow Station, and Gettysburg. In this latter battle, 
the regiment went into action with 440 officers and men ; and 
their loss during the two days engaged was 12 officers and 
220 enlisted men, killed and wounded. Engaged at Bristow 
Station, Mine Run, Todd's Tavern, Wilderness, and Spott- 
sylvania. Loss in these engagements very severe. Partici- 
pated in engagements at Po River, North Anna, Bethesda 
Church, Cold Harbor, Deep Bottom, Ream's Station, Wel- 
don Railroad, Strawberry Plains, and Boydton Road. 

The following Eastporters appear in this regiment : — 

Co. H. Thomas Murrey, private. Died of disease March 5 

1864. 
Co. K. Samuel E. Buckman, private. Promoted corporal and 



382 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

sergeant. Promoted second lieutenant. Wounded 
July 2, 1863. 
Co. A. Benjamin F. Shaw, private. Promoted corporal. Trans- 
ferred to First Maine Heavy Artillery. 

THE TWENTIETH REGIMENT. 

This regiment was organized at Portland, Me., Aug. 29, 
1862, to serve three years. The original members, whose 
terms of service expired previous to Oct. i, 1865, were 
mustered out June 4, 1865. The enlisted men of the Six- 
teenth Maine Volunteers and First Maine Sharpshooters, 
whose term of service had not expired, were transferred to 
this organization June 5 and June 21, 1865. The whole 
regiment was mustered out of the United States service 
July 16, 1865. 

This regiment had its term of service in the Army of the 
Potomac. It participated in the battle of Antietam, and at 
the battle of Fredericksburg was under a hot and galling 
fire of thirty-six hours. It was engaged at the battle of 
Chancellorsville, and at the battle of Gettysburg it was hotly 
engaged. In this engagement, it lost 3 officers killed and 
134 enlisted men, killed and wounded. Took part in the 
engagement at Bristow and Rappahannock Stations, Mine 
Run, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Bethesda 
Church, Hatcher's Run, Petersburg, Weldon Railroad, and 
Peeble's Farm. 

In this regiment, the following Eastporters are credited 
with service : — 

Co. B. William F. Gould, private. Transferred from Second 
Infantry. 

Co. A. William J. Canday, private. Transferred from Second 
Infantry. 

Co. E. Alexander Stinson, private. Transferred from First 
Maine Sharpshooters. Transferred to Co. I, Twen- 
tieth Maine. 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 383 

THE TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. 

This regiment was organized at Portland, Me., Sept. 29, 
1862, to serve nine months, and mustered out of service 
July 10, 1863. It had its service in the Army of the Poto- 
mac. No battles recorded. 

In this regiment, the only Eastport boy whose name is 
mentioned is : — 

John H. Knight. Commissioned first lieutenant of Co. H, Oct. 14, 
1862. 

THE TWENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT. 

This regiment was organized at Bangor, Me., Oct, 11, 
1862, to serve nine months, and mustered out of service 
Aug. 17, 1863. 

This regiment had its service in the Army of the Potomac 
and the Department of the Gulf. Its term of service in the 
Army of the Potomac was of brief duration. It joined that 
army in October, 1862, and in December, 1862, joined 
Banks's expedition. Cos. A, F, D, I, arrived at New Orleans 
the middle of same month, and the remaining companies 
arrived the ist of January, 1863. It joined in the re- 
connoissance to Port Hudson in March, 1863 ; was en- 
gaged with the enemy at Irish Bend, La., and met with 
severe loss. It was complimented on the field by General 
Grover for its bravery and discipline. After this engage- 
ment, it was engaged in supporting a battery at Port Hud- 
son from May 30 to June 12, and participated in the assault 
on that invincible stronghold. 

In this regiment, the following Eastport boys were enrolled 
in Co. H, and took an active part : — 

George P. Potter, private. Promoted sergeant. Promoted first 

sergeant. 
Eleazer G. Bibber, private. 
Charles T. Eldridge, private. 



384 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

James Eldrldge, Jr., private. 

William P. Higgins, private. 

James B. Lawler, private. 

John A. Lowe, private. 

Joseph Morang, private. Died of disease June 21, 1863, at New 

Orleans. 
Nathaniel Norwood, private. Died of disease May 6, 1863, at 

Bayou Boeuf, La. 
James Peters, private. Discharged at hospital Feb. 27, 1863. 

THE TWENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT. 

This regiment was organized at Augusta, Me., Oct. 18, 
1862, to serve for the period of nine months, and mustered 
out of service Aug. 31, 1863. 

This regiment had its service in the Department of the 
Gulf, and was engaged with the enemy at Donaldsonville 
and Port Hudson. Co. I of this regiment contained the 
names of the following Eastport boys : — 

Walter F. Bradish, private. 

Edward A. Mack, private. 

George McDermid, private. Died of disease Aug. 21, 1863, 3.t 

Indianapolis, Ind. 
Harlan P. Parsons, private. Promoted corporal and sergeant. 

Co. E contained Charles H. Owen, private. 

THE TWENTY-NINTH REGIMENT. 

This regiment, with the exception of Cos. A and D, was 
organized at Augusta, Me., from Nov. 13, 1863, to January, 
1864, to serve three years. Cos. A and D were transferred 
from the Tenth Maine Battalion. Co. A was mustered out 
Oct. 18, 1864. Captain Butler's unassigned company Maine 
infantry, organized Sept. 16, 1864, to serve one year, was 
assigned to the regiment as Co. A, after the muster out of 
service of the former Co. A. 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 385 

This regiment had its term of service in the Departments 
of the Gulf, Virginia, and the South. It was engaged at 
Sabine Cross Roads, Mansfield, Pleasant Hill, Cane River 
Crossing, La., in battles of Winchester, Fisher's Hill, and 
Cedar Creek, Va. ; performed guard duty at Washington Ar- 
senal over the assassins of President Lincoln. 

Joseph Berwin, private, Co. A, afterward transferred to 
Co. H, was the only Eastport man on the rolls of this 
regiment. 

THE THIRTIETH REGIMENT. 

This regiment was organized at Augusta, Me., from Dec. 
12, 1863, to June 8, 1864, for three years. The enlisted 
men of the Thirteenth Maine Volunteers, whose term of 
service had not expired at the date of muster out of that 
regiment, were transferred to this organization Nov. 18, 
1864. The entire regiment was mustered out of service 
Aug. 20, 1865. 

This regiment had its period of service in the Depart- 
ments of the Gulf and Virginia. It took an honorable part 
in the battles of Sabine Cross Roads and Pleasant Hill, 
La. In both these engements, it lost 11 killed, 66 wounded, 
and 71 missing. It took a prominent part in the engage- 
ment at Cane River Crossing, La., and lost 2 officers and 
10 enlisted men killed, 2 officers and 67 enlisted men 
wounded, and 7 enlisted men missing. While in service in 
the Department of Virginia, it guarded Washington, and 
was also on guard duty at Washington Arsenal, where the 
trial of the conspirators was being held. 

In this regiment, Eastport boys were enrolled as fol- 
lows : — 

Co. D. George T. Gillespie, private. Transferred to Fourteenth 
Regiment Rhode Island Heavy Artillery. 
Charles A. Gillespie, private. Transferred to Fourteenth 
Regiment Rhode Island Heavy Artillery. 



386 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

William Gillespie, private. Transferred to Fourteenth 
Regiment Rhode Island Heavy Artillery. 

Co. F. Charles E. Munson, private. Transferred from Co. K, 
Thirtieth Infantry. Missing July 16, 1865. 

Co. K. Charles E. Munson, private. Transferred to Co. F. 

THE THIRTY-FIRST REGIMENT. 

This regiment was organized at Augusta, Me., from March 
I, 1864, to April 29, 1864, for three years. There were 
two unassigned companies of Maine volunteers organized 
in October, 1864, and assigned to this regiment as Cos. L 
and M. The Thirty-second Maine Volunteers was consoli- 
dated with this regiment Dec. 12, 1864, and the entire regi- 
ment mustered out of service July 15, 1865. 

This regiment had its service in the Army of the Potomac, 
and participated in the battle of the Wilderness, in which 
it lost heavily in killed and wounded. At Spottsylvania, it 
lost 12 killed, 75 wounded, and 108 missing. It was also 
engaged at Tolopotomy, Bethesda Church, Cold Harbor, 
Petersburg, Weldon Railroad, Poplar Springs Church, and 
Hatcher's Run. 

William Hickey, private, Co. B, and Robert F. Parker, 
private (promoted corporal), and John Hunter, private, Co. 
L, appear to be the only Eastport boys who did service in 
this regiment. Hunter died April 2, 1865. 

THE COAST GUARD BATTALION. 

This battalion, composed of seven companies, was organ- 
ized at Belfast, Augusta, and Eastport, Me., from March 18, 
1864, to March 2, 1865, to serve one, two, and three years. 
It was mustered out by companies, as follows : Co. A, May 
25, 1865; Co. B, June 24, 1865 ; Co. G, July 6, 1865 ; Cos. 
E and F, July 7, 1865 ; and Cos. C and D, Sept. 6, 1865. 

Co. C (Captain Thomas P. Hutchinson) was mustered into 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 387 

the United States service at Eastport, Me., May i6, 1864, to 

serve three years, and was stationed at Fort Sullivan, Me. 

The following Eastporters were enrolled in this company : 

Andrew J. Gibson. Commissioned second lieutenant April 24, 
1864. Promoted first lieutenant May 5, 1864. Mustered out 
Sept. 6, 1865. 

Samuel W. Doty, private. James M. Laskey, private. 

John Enright, private. John Laskey, private. 

Horace W. Grass, private. Robert H. Mullineaux, private. 

Robert Huntley, private. Charles Munson, private. 

Albert Harrington, private. Morgan D. Owen, private. 

James Keirstead, private. Stillman Rhodes, private. 

Andrew J. Kinney, private. Wilham T. Robinson, private. 

David E. Kinney, private. Jesse Searles, private. 
Gleason S. Sumner, private. 

UNASSIGNED MAINE INFANTRY. 

This company (Captain Samuel L. Oilman) was organized 
April 14, 1865, remained at Augusta, Me., and was mus- 
tered out of the service at that place May 19, 1865. 

The name of William McLaughlin, private, appears to be 
the only Eastport boy in this company. 



RECORD OF EASTPORT MEN WHO SERVED IN OTHER 
THAN MAINE REGIMENTS DURING THE WAR 
OF THE REBELLION, ARRANGED ACCORD- 
ING TO THE ORDER OF STATES. 

NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

THE THIRTEENTH REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Concord, N.H., Sept. 20, 
1862, for three years. The original members were mustered 
out June 21, 1865, and the remaining men transferred to the 
Second Regiment New Hampshire Volunteers. This regi- 
ment had its service in the Army of the Potomac, and 



388 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

distinguished itself at Fredericksburg, Siege of Suffolk, 
Walthall Junction, Swift Creek, Kingsland Creek, Drury's 
Bluff, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, and Battery Harrison. 

Charles C. Favor, private, Co. H. Mustered in Nov. 27, 1862, 
Promoted sergeant-major March 7, 1863. Promoted to sec- 
ond lieutenant, Co. B, Nov. 28, 1863. Honorably discharged 
Sept. 5, 1864. 

THE FOURTEENTH REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Concord, N.H., Sept. 24, 
1862, for three years. It was mustered out of service July 8, 
1865. This regiment had its service in the Army of the 
Potomac, Department of the Gulf, and Department of the 
South. It lost in the engagement at Opequan 13 officers 
and 130 men killed, wounded, and prisoners. It was en- 
gaged at Fisher's Hill. In its period of service, it lost by 
death above two hundred men and officers. Seventy of 
these fell in battle or died of their wounds. The remainder 
sank under disease brought on in the discharge of their duty 
in unhealthy climates. 

George W. Swett, private, Co. D. Mustered in Sept. 23, 1862. 
Mustered out June 11, 1865. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 
FIRST CAVALRY. 

Cos. A to H of this regiment were organized at Readville, 
Mass., from Sept. 5, 1861, to Nov. i, 1861, for three years. 
Cos. I to M, inclusive, of the original organization were de- 
tached Aug. 4, 1863, to form an independent battalion of cav- 
alry, to which eight new companies were added Feb. 12, 1864, 
forming the Fourth Massachusetts Cavalry. Four new com- 
panies were raised from Dec. 5, 1863, to Jan. 14, 1864, to take 
the place of the transferred companies. The original mem- 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 389 

bers were mustered out, and the veterans and recruits consoli- 
dated into eight companies, Oct. 24, 1864. Mustered out of 
service June 29, 1865. It had its service in the Army of the 
Potomac, and participated in the following engagements : 
Poolesville, South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, 
Chancellorsville, Brandy Station, Aldie, Upperville, Gettys- 
burg, Williamsport, Culpepper, Auburn, Todd's Tavern, For- 
tifications of Richmond, Vaughan Road, St. Mary's Church, 
Cold Harbor, and Bellefield. 

Charles ^IcCullough, private, Co. A. Mustered in Aug. 23, 1862. 

Discharged expiration term of service, Oct. 24, 1864. 
William H. Martin, private, Co. G. Mustered in Oct. 10, 1861. 

Discharged expiration term of service, Oct. 31, 1864. 

THIRD CAVALRY. 

This regiment, with the exception of Cos. I, L, and M, 
was organized as the Forty-first Infantry at Boxford and 
Lynnfield, Mass., from Aug. 31, 1862, to Nov. i, 1862, for 
three years. Its designation was changed to the Third Cav- 
alry July 22, 1863. Cos. A, B, and C, Battalion Second 
Massachusetts Cavalry, unattached, Gulf Squadron, organ- 
ized at Lowell, Mass., Dec. 27, 1861, for three years, were 
assigned to this regiment, as follows : Cos. A and B as Co. 
M; Co. C as Co. L. The former was mustered out Jan. 31, 
1865 ; the latter, Dec. 27, 1S64. Two new companies were 
organized at Readville, Mass., February, 1865, to serve one 
year, and assigned to this regiment as Cos. L and M. The 
regiment, consolidated into a battalion of six companies July 
21, 1865, was mustered out Sept. 28, 1865. 

This regiment had its service in the Department of the 
Gulf and the Army of the Potomac. It participated in the 
following engagements : Irish Bend, Henderson Hill, Cane 
River, Port Hudson, Sabine Cross Roads, Muddy Bayou, 



390 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Piny Woods, Red River Campaign, La., Opequan, Fisher's 
Hill, Snag Point, Winchester, Cedar Creek, and others in 
Virginia. 

Reed B. Granger, sergeant, Co. G. Commissioned second lieuten- 
ant June 17, 1863. Promoted first lieutenant March 6, 1864. 
Acting provost marshal general middle military division. 
Resigned May 27, 1865. (See Ninth Infantry.) 

Calvin G. Tuttle, private, Co. L. Mustered in Sept. 26, 1861. 
Died April 14, 1863, at Baton Rouge, La. 

Robert Hunter, private, Co. M. Mustered in Nov. 19, 1861. Dis- 
charged Aug. 29, 1863, for disability. 

THE FIRST REGIMENT OF HEAVY ARTILLERY. 

This regiment was organized at Boston, Mass., from July 
5, 1861, to March 26, 1862, for three years. The original 
members were mustered out of service as their terms expired, 
and the remaining members mustered out Aug. 16, 1865. It 
had its service in the Army of the Potomac, and participated 
in the following engagements : Spottsylvania, North Anna, 
Tolopotomy, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Strawberry Plains, 
Deep Bottom, Poplar Springs Church, Boydton Road, Hatch- 
er's Run, Duncan's Run, and Vaughan Road. 

Nathaniel S. Chambers, private, Co. A. Mustered in July 5, 1861. 
Discharged Nov. 4, 1863, to re-enlist. Re-enHsted Nov. 5, 
1863. Died of disease Feb. 16, 1865, at Patrick Station, Va. 

THE EIGHTH BATTERY OF LIGHT ARTILLERY. 

This battery was a volunteer battery, which served for 
six months in 1862. No battles are recorded. 

Seward B. Davis, corporal. Mustered in May 30, 1862. Dis- 
charged expiration term of service, Nov. 29, 1862. 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 39 1 

THE NINTH BATTERY OF LIGHT ARTILLERY. 

This battery was organized at Lynnfield, Mass., Aug. lo, 

1862, for three years, and was mustered out of service June 
6, 1865. It had its service in the Army of the Potomac, and 
took part in the following engagements : Gettysburg, Mine 
Run, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Tolopotomy, Bethesda 
Church, Petersburg, Weldon Railroad, and Hatcher's Run. 

John K. Norwood, private. Mustered in Aug. 10, 1862. Dis- 
charged for disability Feb. i, 1864. 

THE FIRST REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Boston, Mass., June 15, 
1861, for three years, and was mustered out May 25, 1864. 
It had its service in the Army of the Potomac, and was en- 
gaged in the following battles: First Bull Run, Williamsburg, 
Fair Oaks, Glendale, and other battles on the Peninsula, 
Kettle Run, Second Bull Run, Chantilly, Fredericksburg, 
Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Locust Grove, Wilderness, and 
Spottsylvania. 

John Abrams, private, Co. A. Mustered in May 23, 1861. 
Wounded at Williamsburg and Second Bull Run. Dis- 
charged for disability Jan. 7, 1863. (See Maine.) 

THE FIFTH REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Wenham, Mass., Septem- 
ber, 1862, for nine months, and was mustered out July 2, 

1863. It had its service in the Department of the South. 
It was engaged at Kinston, Whitehall, Goldsboro, Cove 
Creek. 

Joseph S. Nutter, corporal, Co. C. Mustered in Sept. 16, 1862. 
Mustered out July 2, 1863. 



392 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

THE SIXTH REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Boston and Lowell, Mass., 
from Aug. 31 to Sept. 8, 1862, for nine months, and was 
mustered out June 3, 1863. This regiment had its service 
in the Army of the Potomac. It will ever hold a proud 
place in the history of the Rebellion. Its passage through 
Baltimore on the 19th of April, i86t, on its way to Wash- 
ington, the assault upon it by the mob of Baltimore, the 
life-blood shed upon the streets of that city, the first in 
the war, would alone forever render this regiment historical. 
It was the first in the three months' service, and was the first 
in the nine months' service. It was engaged on the Black- 
water, Siege of Suffolk, and Hebron Church. 

Mendall Spencer, private, Co. K. Mustered in April 22, 1861. 
Expiration term of service, Aug. 2, 1861. 

THE EIGHTH REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Boxford, Mass., from Sept. 
15 to Oct. 30, 1862, for nine months, and was mustered out 
Aug. 7, 1863. This regiment had its service in the Depart- 
ment of the South and Army of the Potomac. No battles 
recorded. 

Edward A. Mack, private, Co. D. Mustered in July 18, 1864. 
Expiration term of service, Nov. 16, 1864. (See Pennsyl- 
vania.) 

THE NINTH REGIMENT. 

This regiment was organized at Boston, Mass., June 11, 
1861, for three years, and was mustered out June 21, 1864. 
This regiment had its term of service in the Army of 
the Potomac, and took part in the following engagements : 
battles on the Peninsula, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, 
Mine Run, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna River, Po 
River, Bethesda Church, Shady Oak, and Cold Harbor. 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 393 

Reed B. Granger, hospital steward. Mustered in June 11, 1861. 
Discharged for disability Feb. 18, 1862. (See Third Cav- 
alry.) 

THE ELEVENTH REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Boston, Mass., June 13, 
1861, for three years. On the expiration of its term of 
service, the original members, except veterans, were mus- 
tered out. The veterans and recruits, together with the vet- 
erans and recruits of the Sixteenth Massachusetts Volun- 
teers, which were transferred to this regiment July 11, 1864, 
were consolidated into a battalion of seven companies, and 
mustered out July 14, 1865. This regiment had its service 
in the Army of the Potomac, and participated in the follow- 
ing engagements : First Bull Run, Yorktown, Williamsburg, 
Fair Oaks, Savage Station, Glendale, Malvern Hill, Bristow 
Station, Second Bull Run, Chantilly, Fredericksburg, Chan- 
cellorsville, Gettysburg, Kelly's Ford, Locust Grove, Wilder- 
ness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Tolopotomy, Cold Harbor, 
Petersburg, Strawberry Plains, Deep Bottom, Poplar Springs 
Church, and Boydton Road. 

Patrick Kinney, sergeant, Co. H. Mustered in June 13, i86f. 
Transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps April, 1S64. 

THE THIRTEENTH REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Boston, Mass., from July 
16 to Aug. I, 1861, for three years, and mustered out Aug. 
I, 1864. It had its service in the Army of the Potomac, 
and participated in the following engagements : Second Bull 
Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, 
Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna River, Cold Har- 
bor, and Petersburg. 

Daniel E. Knox, private, Co. C. Mustered in July 16, 1861. 
Discharged for disability Feb. 17, 1S63. W^ounded. (See 
Navy.) 



394 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

THE NINETEENTH REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Lynnfield, Mass., Aug 28, 
1 86 1, to serve three years. On the expiration of its term 
of service, the original members (non-veterans) were mus- 
tered out, and the regiment, composed of veterans and 
recruits, retained in service until June 30, 1865, when mus- 
tered out in accordance with orders. The regiment had its 
service in the Army of the Potomac, and was engaged in 
the following battles : Ball's Bluff, Yorktown, West Point, 
Fair Oaks, Peach Orchard, Savage Station, White Oak 
Swamp, Malvern Hill, Second Bull Run, Antietam, Fred- 
ericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Bristow Station, 
Mine Run, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Tolopotomy, Cold 
Harbor, Petersburg, Deep Bottom, Ream's Station, and 
Boydton Road. 

Jonah Franklin Dyer, credited to Rockport, Mass., was commis- 
sioned surgeon Aug. 22, 1861, and mustered out of service 
Aug. 28, 1864. Served as surgeon-in-chief of Second Di- 
vision, Second Army Corps, on the staff of Major-generals 
Howard, Gibbon, and Webb, and at times medical director of 
the Second Army Corps under Major-generals Hancock and 
Couch. 

THE TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Lynnfield and Boston, 
Mass., from Sept. 4 to Oct. 26, 1861, for three years, and 
mustered out Oct. 17, 1864. This regiment had its service 
in the Army of the Potomac, and participated in the fol- 
lowing engagements : battles before Richmond, Antietam, 
Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Rappahannock 
Station, Wilderness, Laurel Hill, Spottsylvania, Jericho Ford, 
Little River, Tolopotomy, Bethesda Church, Shady Grove 
Church, and Petersburg. 

Frank B. Smith, private, Co. B. Mustered in Sept. 2, 1861. Dis- 
charged for disability Nov. 30, 1862. 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 395 

THE TWENTY-THIRD REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Annapolis, Md., Sept. 28, 
186 1, for three years. On expiration of term of service, the 
original members, not veterans, were mustered out, and the 
veterans and recruits mustered out June 25, 1865. It had 
its service in the Army of the Potomac and Department of 
the South, and participated in the following engagements : 
Roanoke, New Berne, Rawle's Mills, Kinston, Goldsboro, 
Wilcox Bridge, Winton, Smithfield, Heckman's Farm, Ar- 
rowfield Church, Drury's Bluff, Cold Harbor, and other 
battles before Richmond. 

John Goad, Jr., private, Co. H. Mustered in Oct. 8, 1861. Dis- 
charged for disability Oct. 7, 1862. 

Isaac H. Edgett, sergeant, Co. A. Mustered in Sept. 28, 1861. 
Promoted sergeant-major Jan. 12, 1863. Promoted second 
lieutenant May 5, 1863. Promoted first lieutenant and adju- 
tant Dec. 16, 1863. Promoted captain Oct. 14, 1864. Expi- 
ration of service June 25, 1865. 

THE TWENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Lowell, Mass., Nov. 4, 
186 1, for three years. Original members mustered out 
Nov. 7, 1864, and remaining men consolidated into a bat- 
talion of five companies, mustered out Aug. 26, 1865. This 
regiment had its service in the Army of the Potomac, and 
participated in the following engagements : Winchester, 
Cedar Creek, and Fisher's Hill. 

James C. Wood, private, Co. K. Mustered in Oct. 25, 1861. 
Missing Nov. 15, 1862. 

THE THIRTY-THIRD REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Springfield, Mass., Aug. 
13, 1862, for three years, and mustered out June 11, 1865. 



396 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

It had its service in the Army of the Potomac and Depart- 
ment of the South, and participated in the following battles : 
Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Beverly Ford, Gettysburg, 
Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, and the battles of 
General Sherman's grand army. 

Nathaniel Daggett, private, Co. K. Mustered in Aug. 8, 1862. 
Discharged for disability Feb. 11, 1863. The rolls of the 
regiment show he belongs to Eastport, but he claims Grand 
Menan. 

THE FORTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. 

This regiment was organized at Readville, Mass., Sept. 12, 
1862, for nine months, and mustered out June 18, 1863. It 
had its service in the Department of the South, and was en- 
gaged at Rawle's Mill, Kinston, Whitehall Bridge, Golds- 
boro, Siege of Washington, N.C., and Hill's Point. 

Joseph C. Noyes, private, Co. A. Mustered in Sept. 12, 1862. 

Discharged June 18, 1863. 
Silas T. Shackford, private, Co. A. Mustered in Sept. 12, 1862. 

Discharged June 18, 1863. 

THE FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Readville, Mass., from 
Sept. 26 to Oct. 28, 1862, for nine months, and mustered 
out July 7, 1863. It had its service in the Department of 
the South, and was engaged at Kinston and Whitehall. 

Reuben Edgett, private, Co. A. Mustered in Sept. 26, 1862. 
Discharged July 7, 1863. 

NEW YORK. 

THE THIRD REGIMENT OF CAVALRY. 

This regiment (called the Van Allen Cavalry) was organ- 
ized at New York City, from July 17, 1861, to Aug. 22, 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 397 

186 1, for three years. On the expiration of its term of ser- 
vice, the original members (except veterans) were mustered 
out, and the regiment, composed of veterans and recruits, 
retained in service. It was consolidated with the Seventh 
New York Cavalry July 21, 1865. It had its service in the 
Army of the Potomac, and was engaged in the following 
battles : Petersburg, Stony Creek, and Derbytown Road, Va. 

Daniel W. Newcomb, sergeant, Co. K. Killed in action at Pol- 
locksville, N.C., July 26, 1862. 

THE ELEVENTH REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. 

This regiment (called First Fire Zouaves) was organized 
in New York City, N.Y., in May, 1861, for the war. It was 
mustered out of service June 2, 1862. The only battle in 
which this regiment took part was the First Bull Run, in 
which it lost 24 killed, 46 wounded, and 52 missing, many of 
the latter taken prisoners. The regiment was unfortunate. 
In the death of Colonel E. Elmer Ellsworth, its able com- 
mander, who was shot and killed by a rebel named Jackson 
at the Marshall House in Alexandria, Va., it lost the em- 
bodiment of the pivotal idea in its organization ; and demor- 
alization naturally followed, which necessitated the return of 
the regiment to New York and its muster out. 

Edward B. Knox. Commissioned first lieutenant, Co. A, May 7, 
1 861. Honorably mustered out Aug. 4, 1861. (See Forty- 
fourth New York Volunteers.) 

THE TWENTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Elmira, N.Y., May 21, 
186 1, for two years, and was mustered out May 31, 1863. 
The regiment had its service in the Army of the Potomac, 
and was engaged in the Siege of Yorktown, battles of 
Gaines's Mill, Chickahominy, Charles City Cross Roads, 



398 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Malvern Hill, Second Bull Run, South Mountain, Antietam, 
Fredericksburg, and Rappahannock Station. 

William H. McMahon, born in Eastport, Me., 1839, private, Co. 
G. Promoted ensign, Co. K, Sept. 11, 1862. Second lieu- 
tenant Nov. 21, 1862, and from time to time to lieutenant- 
colonel. Was wounded at Bull Run and South Mountain. 

THE FORTIETH REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. 

This regiment (Mozart Regiment) was organized at Yonk- 
ers, N.Y., June 27, 1861, for three years. The Eighty-seventh 
New York Regiment was consolidated with this regiment in 
September, 1862, and this organization again consolidated 
May 25, 1863, to receive a battalion of the Thirty-eighth 
New York Volunteers, formerly of the Fifty-fifth New York 
Volunteers, and the veterans and recruits of the Thirty- 
seventh New York Volunteers, original members (except 
veterans), mustered out in July, 1864. The Seventy-fourth 
New York was consolidated with it July 27, 1864, and was 
mustered out June 27, 1865. The regiment had its service 
in the Army of the Potomac, and was engaged in the foHow- 
ing battles : Yorktown, Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, Glendale, 
Malvern Hill, Second Bull Run, Chantilly, Fredericksburg, 
Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Mine Run, Wilderness, Po 
River, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Tolopotomy, Cold Har- 
bor, Petersburg, Strawberry Plains, Deep Bottom, and Boyd- 
ton Road. 

George E. Harrington, private, Co. C. Mustered in June 14, 
1861. Promoted color-sergeant. In active service First Bull 
Run and Petersburg. Wounded at Malvern Hill and Chan- 
cellorsville. Mustered out Nov. 23, 1864. 

THE FORTY-FOURTH REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. 

This regiment (People's Ellsworth Regiment) was organ- 
ized in Albany, N.Y., from Aug. 30, 1861, to Oct. 29, 1861, 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REHELLION 399 

for three years, and mustered out Oct. ii, 1864. The vet- 
erans and recruits were transferred to the One Hundred and 
Fortieth and One Hundred and Forty-sixth New York Vol- 
unteers. This regiment had its service in the Army of the 
Potomac. The Hst of battles engaged in is as follows : 
Siege of Yorktown, action of Hanover Court-house, battles 
of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Spottsyl- 
vania, Rappahannock Station, Wilderness, Siege of Peters- 
burg, and battle of Weldon Railroad. 

Edward B. Knox. Commissioned first lieutenant and adjutant 
Sept. 25, 1861. Promoted captain, Co. D, July 4, 1862. Pro- 
moted major July 14, 1862. Commissioned lieutenant-colonel 
Aug. 27, 1863. Honorably mustered out Oct. 11, 1S64. 
Brevetted captain, U.S.A., March 2, 1867, for gallant and 
meritorious service at the battle of Hanover Court-house, Va. 
Brevetted major, U.S.A., March 2, 1867, for gallant and 
meritorious service at the battle of Gettysburg, Pa. Bre- 
vetted lieutenant-colonel, U.S.A., March 2, 1867, for gallant 
and meritorious service at the battle of Spottsylvania. 
Wounded at Hanover Court-house and Spottsylvania. (Sub- 
sequent service in regular army after War of Rebellion closed 
omitted.) 

THE SIXTY-NINTH REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. 

This regiment (First Regiment Irish Brigade) was organ- 
ized at New York City, from Sept. 7, 1861, to Nov. 17, 1861, 
for three years. On the expiration of its service, the orig- 
inal members (except veterans) were mustered out, and the 
regiment, composed of veterans and recruits, mustered out 
June 30, 1865. This regiment had its service in the Army 
of the Potomac, and was engaged in the following battles : 
Yorktown, Fair Oaks, Gaines's Mill, Savage Station, Peach 
Orchard, White Oak Swamp, Malvern Hill, Antietam, Fred- 
ericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Bristow Station, 
Mine Run, Wilderness, Po River, Spottsylvania, North 



400 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Anna, Tolopolomy, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Strawberry- 
Plains, Deep Bottom, and Ream's Station. 

John Libby, private, Co, G. Mustered in Oct. 12, 1861. Died 
Dec. II, 1S62. Amputation of leg resulting from wounds 
received in action at Antietam. 



THE EIGHTY-THIRD REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. 

This regiment (Ninth New York State Militia) was organ- 
ized principally at New York City, from May to August, 
186 1, for three years. On the expiration of its term of 
service, the original members (except veterans) were mus- 
tered out, and the veterans and recruits transferred to the 
Ninety-seventh New York Volunteers. This regiment had 
its service in the Army of the Potomac. 

List of battles not given in orders. 

Joseph M. Roberts, private, Co. C. Mustered in Oct. 5, 1861. 
Wounded at Antietam and First Fredericksburg. Transferred 
to Co. C, Ninety-seventh New York Infantry. 



THE ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTIETH REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Kingston, N.Y., in August, 
1862, for three years, and was mustered out June 3, 1865. It 
had its service in the Army of the Potomac, and was engaged 
in the following battles : Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, 
Spottsylvania, Gettysburg, Wilderness, North Anna, Tolo- 
potomy, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Boydton Road, Strawberry 
Plains, Deep Bottom, and Poplar Springs Church. 

William A. Norto:i, commissioned second lieutenant, Co. C, Aug. 
15, 1862. Promoted first lieutenant April 13, 1863. Hon- 
orably discharged on account of physical disability Aug. 
28, 1863. 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 40 1 

THE ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FIFTH REGIMENT OF INFAN'I'RY. 

This regiment was organized in the State of New York at 
large in November, 1862, for three years, and was mustered 
out July 15, 1865. It had its service in the Army of the 
Potomac, and participated in the following engagements : 
Suffolk, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Tolopotomy, Cold Har- 
bor, Petersburg, Strawberry Plains, Deep Bottom, Ream's 
Station, and Boydton Road. 

Patrick McGowan, private, Co. K. Mustered in Nov. 19, 1862. 
Taken prisoner and paroled. Promoted corporal and ser- 
geant. Honorably discharged April 28, 1865. Was com- 
missioned second lieutenant, but not mustered. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

THE ELEVENTH REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Harrisburg and Westmore- 
land County, Pennsylvania, Dec. 11, 1861, for three years. 
On the expiration of its term of service, the original members 
(except veterans) were mustered out, and the organization, 
composed of veterans and recruits, mustered out July i, 1865. 
This regiment had its service in the Army of the Potomac, 
and was engaged in the following battles : Cedar Mountain, 
Gainesville, Second Bull Run, Chantilly, Antietam, Freder- 
icksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Mine Run, Wilder- 
ness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Tolopotomy, Bethesda 
Church, Petersburg, and Weldon Railroad. 

Fred. S. Bradbury, private, Co. C, Nov. 26, 1S64. (Transferred 
from Ninetieth Pennsylvania Infantry.) Died at Salisbury, 
N.C., Dec. 16, 1864. 



402 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

THE TWENTY-NINTH REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Philadelphia, Pa., July i, 
1 86 1, to serve three years, and mustered out July ii, 1865. 
This regiment had its service in the Army of the Potomac 
and Department of the South. 

List of battles not given in orders. 

Edward A. Mack, private, Co. B. Mustered in Jan. 30, 1865, for 
one year. Mustered out July 17, 1865. (See Massachusetts.) 



MARYLAND. 
THE* THIRD REGIMENT OF CAVALRY. 

This regiment was organized at Baltimore, Md., from Aug. 
8, 1863, to Jan. 9, 1864, for three years. Mustered out 
Sept. 7, 1865. It had its service in the Departments of the 
Gulf and Mississippi. 

List of battles not given in orders. 

Joseph S. Claridge, assistant surgeon, March 22, 1864. (See 
Navy.) 

LOUISIANA. 

THE FIRST REGIMENT OF CAVALRY. 

This regiment was organized at New Orleans, La., from 
August, 1862, to December, 1863, ^^^ one, two, and three 
years. The Second Louisiana Cavalry was consolidated 
with it Sept. 7, 1864. The regiment was mustered out Dec. 
18, 1865. It had its service in the Department of the Gulf, 
and participated in the following engagements : Georgia 
Landing, Gotten, and Port Hudson. 

George H. Mack, private, Co. H. Mustered in Sept. 30, 1863. 
Mustered out with company Dec. 18, 1865. 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 403 

ILLINOIS. 
THE FOURTH REGIMENT OF CAVALRY. 

This regiment was organized at Ottawa, 111., from Sept. 26 
to Oct. 17, 1 86 1, for three years. Consolidated with Twelfth 
Illinois Cavalry June 14, 1865. 

No battles reported in orders. 

James Sherlock. Commissioned second lieutenant, Co. A, Sept. 
26, 1 861. Resigned June 3, 1863. 

THE FIRST REGIMENT OF LIGHT ARTILLERY. 

This battery was organized at Cairo, Ottawa, Camp Doug- 
las, Springfield, Chicago, and Camp Yates, 111. ; namely. 
Batteries A and B, July 16, 1861. The former was mustered 
out July 10, 1865, the latter July 26, 1865. 

Battery A was engaged in the following battles : Fort 
Donelson, Chickasaw Bayou, Siege of Vicksburg, Shiloh, 
Arkansas Post, Champion Hills, and Jackson. 

Oliver F. Shead, private. Battery A. Mustered in July 16, 1861. 
Discharged for disability Oct. 10, 1861. 

Battery B was engaged in the following battles : Belmont, 
Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, 
Siege of Vicksburg. 

George T. Hatch, private, Battery B. Mustered in July 16, 1861. 
Mustered out as corporal July 23, 1S64. 

THE EIGHTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Chicago, 111., Aug. 27, 
1862, for three years. It was mustered out of service June 
9, 1865. It was engaged in the battles of Kenesaw Moun- 
tain, Peach Tree Creek, Ga., Stone River, Jonesboro, Resaca, 



404 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Chickamauga, Dallas, Missionary Ridge, Adairsville, Perry- 
ville, and Franklin. 

Alexander S. Chadbourne. Commissioned lieutenant-colonel 
Aug. 27, 1S62. Slightly wounded at battle of Chickamauga. 
Resigned Oct. 14, 1863. 



IOWA. 

THE FOURTH REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized in the State of Iowa at large, 
June to August, 1861, for three years. Mustered out July 
24, 1865. It was engaged in the battles of Kenesaw Moun- 
tain, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Marietta, Chickasaw Bayou, Arkan- 
sas Post, Siege of Vicksburg, Grand Gulf, Jackson, Lookout 
Mountain, and Missionary Ridge. 

William F. Goold, first sergeant, Co. B, July 10, 1861. Promoted 
second lieutenant Oct. 11, 1861. Resigned Jan. 22, 1862. 



WISCONSIN. 

THE FIRST REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Milwaukee, Wis., Oct. 8, 
1 86 1, for three years. The original members (except vet- 
erans) were mustered out Oct. 13, 1864, and the veterans 
and recruits transferred to the Twenty-first Wisconsin In- 
fantry. It was engaged in the battles of Chaplin Hills, 
Stone River, Chickamauga, Dallas, Nashville, Kenesaw 
Mountain, Jonesboro, Chattanooga, and Atlanta. 

William Farron, private, Co. A. Mustered in Oct. 8, 1861. 
Transferred to Co. K same regiment. Died at Anderson- 
ville, Ga., Aug. 20, 1864. 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 405 

MISSOURI. 
SEVENTH REGIMENT ENROLLED MISSOURI MILITIA. 

E. C. Pike, lieutenant-colonel. Commissioned Sept. 25, 1S62, to 
date Sept. 23, 1862. Brigadier-general First Brigade of En- 
rolled Missouri Militia. Commanded the First Military Dis- 
trict of Missouri. He assumed command April i, 1864. He 
assumed command of the post of Washington, Mo., Oct. ir, 
1864. On Oct. 24, 1864, he removed his head-quarters to 
Franklin, Mo., and assumed command of all the troops at 
Hermann, Washington, Franklin, and detachments at bridges 
on South-west Branch Pacific Railroad. Turned over his 
command at Franklin to Colonel D. 0. Gale, commanding 
Fifty-fourth Regiment Enrolled Missouri Militia, pursuant to 
orders, and on the ist of November, 1864, arrived in St. Louis 
with his staff and Co. A, First Battalion Cavalry. 

William Snow Dyer, surgeon. Commissioned Nov. 7, 1862, to 
date Nov. 4, 1862. Resigned July 27, 1863. 

CALIFORNIA. 

THE FIRST REGIMENT OF CAVALRY. 

This regiment was organized at San Francisco, Sacra- 
mento, Stockton, and Camp Merchant, Cal., from August, 
1 86 1, to Dec. 31, 1863, for three years. It was mustered out 
by companies at different dates from March 6 to Oct. 19, 
1866. It was engaged in the following battles: Pechacho 
Pass, White Mountains, Tularosa Valley, Indian Village, 
Oregon Mountains, Bent's Old Fort, Sacramento Mountains, 
Croton Springs, and Lamonico Springs. 

Henry J. Hathaway, sergeant, Co. I. Enlisted March 23, 1863. 
Commissioned second lieutenant, Co. L, April 29, 1865. Dis- 
charged for disability July 5, 1S65. 



4o6 EASTPORT AND PASSAM AQUODDY 

THE SECOND REGIMENT OF CAVALRY. 

This regiment was organized at San Francisco, Cal., from 
Sept. 5 to Oct. 1 8, 1 86 1, for three years. Mustered out by 
companies at different dates from Feb. i to July 12, 1866. 
It was engaged in the following battles : Owen's River, 
Apache Pass, Madelaine Plains, Bear River, Owen's Valley, 
Cedar Fork, Spanish Fork Canon, Big Pine Creek, Keysville, 
Clear Fork, Pine Forest District, Fish Creek, and Rock. 
Canon. 

E. H. Savage, private, Co. B. Mustered in Oct. 24, 1864. Miss- 
ing from Dun Glen Nov. 12, 1865. 

THE FIRST REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at San Francisco, Sacramento, 
Orville, and Amador, Cal., from August to October, 1861, 
for three years. Mustered out by companies from Sept. 15 
to Oct. 21, 1866. 

It was engaged in the battle of Rio de las Animas. 

John B. Savage, private, Co. K. Mustered in Dec. 16, 1861. 
Discharged on expiration term of service at Fort Union, N.M. 



Hancock's First Army Corps (^United States Veteran 

Volunteers^. 

THE FOURTH REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Camp Stoneman, D.C., 
from December, 1864, to May, 1865, for one, two, and 
three years, and was mustered out by detachments from 
March i to Aug. 6, 1866. 

James Finn, private, Co. I. Mustered in March 5, 1865. Mus- 
tered out on individual roll March 14, 1866. 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 407 

Levi Flood, private, Co. I. Mustered in Feb. 28, 1865. Trans- 
ferred to Co. H, and mustered out with that company Aug. 3, 
1866, as first sergeant. 

Charles McGregor, private, Co. I. Mustered in March 20, 1865. 
Mustered out as corporal March 19, 1866. 

James Mooney, private, Co. I. Mustered in Feb. 25, 1865. 

Hiram F. Swett, private, Co. I. Mustered in March 15, 1865. 
Mustered out on detached roll March 15, 1866. 



Veteran Reserve Corps. 

THE TENTH REGIMENT. 

This regiment was organized at New York City Oct. 10, 
1863, and mustered out by detachments between July i and 
Nov. 28, 1865. 

Charles W. Bibber, private, Co. F. Transferred from Co. B, 

Ninth Maine, Sept. i, 1863. Mustered out Aug. i or 3, 

1865. 
Charles E. Harris, private, Co. F. Transferred from Co. H, 

Ninth Maine Volunteers, Sept. i, 1863. Regiment not 

known. 
Patrick Kinney. Transferred from private, Co. H, Eleventh 

Massachusetts Volunteers, April, 1864. 

United States Colored Troops. 

THE ELEVENTH REGIMENT HEAVY ARTILLERY. 

This regiment was organized at Providence, R.I., from Aug. 
28, 1863, to Jan. 25, 1864, as the Fourteenth Regiment 
Rhode Island Colored Heavy Artillery, for three years. 
Mustered out Oct. 2, 1865. 

It was engaged at Indian Village, La. 

James E. Simmons, private. Mustered in Feb. 24, 1864. Mus- 
tered out Oct. 23, 1865. 



408 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

THE FORTY-THIRD REGIMENT OF INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized at Philadelphia, Pa., from 
March 12 to June 2, 1864, for three years. Mustered out 
Oct. 20, 1865. Engaged in battles of Petersburg and 
Hatcher's Run. 

-George P. Gillespie, Charles A. Gillespie, William Gillespie, 
privates, Co. B. Mustered in June 30, 1864. (Transferred 
from Co. D, Thirtieth Maine Infantry.) Mustered out Oct. 
20, 1865. 

THE FORTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. 

This regiment was organized at Chattanooga, Tenn., and 
Rome and Dal ton, Ga., from April 7 to Sept. 16, 1864, for 
three years. Mustered out April 30, 1866. Engaged in 
battle of Nashville. 

James E. Skanks, private. Mustered in March 5, 1864. Mus- 
tered out Oct. 20, 1865. 

THE EIGHTIETH REGIMENT. 

This regiment was organized at Port Hudson, La., Sept. 
I, 1863, as the Eighth Regiment Infantry, Corps d'Afrique, 
for three years. Designation changed to Eightieth Regi- 
ment April 4, 1864. Mustered out March i, 1867. Engaged 
in Siege of Port Hudson, La. 

Leonard L. Potter. Commissioned captain July 17, 1865. Pro- 
moted major by brevet May 21, 1866. 

Subsistence Department U.S. Army, 

George Freeman Noyes. Appointed captain commissary of sub- 
sistence, United States Volunteers, April 21, 1862. Resigned 
March 22, 1864, per Special Orders 124, 1864. Served on staff 
of General Doubleday. Was brevetted major, lieutenant- 
colonel, and finally colonel for gallant and meritorious service 
during the war. 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REIIELLION 409 

Benjamin L. Chadbourne. Appointed captain commissary of 
subsistence, United States Volunteers, March 2, 1864. Re- 
ceived the brevet of major. On duty in Washington, D.C., 
at the office of the Depot Commissary (General George 
Bell, commissary of subsistence, U.S.A., in charge) during 
the early part of 1864, and had charge of company savings. 
Later on, in 1864 and during 1865, on duty in ofifice Com- 
missary-General of Subsistence, in charge of the records of 
examination of commissaries of subsistence of volunteers, 
and was a valuable assistant to the Commissary-General of 
Subsistence. He was mustered out of service Sept. i, 1865. 



Regular Army of the United States. 

THE SEVENTH INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized by act of Congress, approved 
June 26, 1812. Reorganized by consolidation of the Eighth, 
Tenth, Twenty-fourth, Thirty-sixth, Thirty-eighth, and Thirty- 
ninth Regiments of Infantry, approved by act of Congress 
March 3, 18 15. It was engaged in the following battles 
during the War of the Rebellion: Valverde, N.M., Fred- 
ericksburg, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg. 

William Williams, private. Mustered in June 18, 1864. 

THE ELEVENTH INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized by direction of the Presi- 
dent May 4, 1861. Confirmed by act of Congress July 29, 
1861. It was engaged in the following battles: Gaines's 
Mill, Bull Run, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, 
Wilderness, Laurel Hill, Spottsylvania, Petersburg, and 
Weldon Railroad. 

Benjamin Webb, private, Co. F. Mustered in Feb. 14, 1862. 
Missing Sept. 12, 1864. 



41 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

THE THIRTEENTH INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized by direction of the President 
May 4, t86i. Confirmed by act of Congress July 29, 1861. 
It was engaged in the following battles : Chickasaw Bayou, 
Arkansas Post, Walnut Hills, near Vicksburg, Siege of 
Vicksburg, Collierville, Missionary Ridge. 

Nathaniel F. Swett. Commissioned first lieutenant May 14, 1861. 
Died at Alton, 111., April 25, 1862. 

THE SEVENTEENTH INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized by direction of the President 
May 4, 1861. Confirmed by act of Congress July 29, 1861. 
It was engaged in the following battles : Gaines's Mill, 
Bull Run, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, 
Laurel Hill, Cold Harbor, and Weldon Railroad. 

Daniel P. Deering, private, Co. A. Mustered in July 22, 1861. 

Expiration of term of enlistment July 29, 1S64. 
William H. Norwood, private, Co. G. Mustered in April i, 1862. 

Discharged for disability. 

THE NINETEENTH INFANTRY. 

This regiment was organized by direction of the President 
May 4, 1861. Confirmed by act of Congress July 29, 1861. 
It was engaged in the following battles : Shiloh, Murfrees- 
boro, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Resaca, New Hope 
Church, Kenesaw Mountain, and Atlanta. 

Joseph Antricken, private. Mustered in April 24, 1862. Expira- 
tion of term of enhstment April 25, 1865. 

James A. Ross, private. Mustered in March 22, 1862. Dis- 
charged June, 1863. 

PAY DEPARTMENT U.S. ARMY. 

Henry Prince, major and paymaster, U.S.A. Brigadier-general, 
United States Volunteers, April 28, 1862. In Northern Vir- 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 411 

ginia campaign, July 16 to Aug. 9, 1862, being engaged in the 
battle of Cedar Mountain Aug. 9, 1S62, where he was capt- 
ured; as prisoner of war, August 9 to December, 1862. In 
North Carolina operations, Jan. ii to June 24, 1863, being 
engaged (in command) on a raid into Onslow County, March 
6-11, 1863. Demonstration on New Berne, March 14, 1863, 
and pursuit of the rebels, March 15, 16, 1863. Defence of 
barricade in Pamlico River, April 1-7, 1863. Demonstration 
on Kinston, April 16-21, 1863, and in command of the Dis- 
trict of Pamlico, May i to June 24, 1863. In pursuit of the 
Rebel Army retreating from Maryland, being engaged in 
action at Wapping Heights, Va., July 23, 1863. In the Rap- 
idan campaign, October-December, 1863, being engaged in 
several actions, October-November, 1863, and Mine Run 
operations, Nov. 26 to Dec. 3, 1863. In command of Dis- 
trict of Columbus, Ky., April 28 to Aug. 17, 1864. In pursuit 
of Forrest's Rebel Raiders in Tennessee and Alabama, Oc- 
tober-November, 1864. In command of a Provisional Divi- 
sion on the coast of South Carolina, January-May, 1865, and 
on courts-martial at Washington, D.C., June 24, 1865, to 
April 24, 1866. Mustered out of volunteer service April 
30, 1866. Brevetted lieutenant-colonel, U.S.A., Aug. 9, 1862, 
for grallant and meritorious services in the battle of Cedar 
Mountain, \^a. Brevetted colonel, U.S.A., March 13, 1865, 
for faithful and meritorious services during the war. Bre- 
vetted brigadier-general, U.S.A., March 13, 1865, for gallant 
and meritorious services in the field during the war. 
(Service before and after the Rebellion omitted.) 

ARMY. 

Roll of Honor. 

Bradbury, Fred. S., private, Co. C, Eleventh Pennsylvania Infan- 
try. Died Dec. 16, 1864. 

Bibber, Gershom C, first lieutenant, Co. K, First Maine Heavy 
Artillery. Killed in action May 19, 1864. 

Carpenter, Charles W., private, Co. G, Fifteenth Maine Infantry. 
Died at Brazos Island, Tex., Dec. i, 1863. 



I 



412 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Chambers, Nathaniel S., private, Co. D, First Massachusetts 
Heavy Artillery. Died of disease, Patrick Station, Va., Feb. 
1 6, 1865. 

Coffin, Albert P., private, Co. K, Sixth Maine Infantry. Died at 
Alexandria, Va., April 4, 1862. 

Corbett, George W., sergeant, Co. K, Sixth Maine Infantry. 
Killed at Rappahannock Station, Va., Nov. 7, 1863. 

Corbett, William C, corporal, Co. A, First Maine Battalion In- 
fantry. Murdered Oct. 9, 1865. 

Collins, Timothy, private, Co. K, First Maine Heavy Artillery. 
Died of wounds received in action July 9, 1864. 

Dean, Jacob M., private. Second Maine Cavalry. Died at Thibo- 
deaux, La., July 2, 1864. 

Farrow, Abner S., private, Co. K, First Maine Heavy Artillery. 
Died Oct. 28, 1863. 

Farron, William, private, Co. A, First Wisconsin Infantry. Died 
at Andersonville Prison Aug. 20, 1864. 

Gardner, Leslie B., private, Co. D, First Maine Cavalry. Died at 
Washington, D.C., June 30, 1863. 

Gray, John A., color-sergeant, Co. K, Sixth Maine Infantry. 
Killed at Rappahannock Station, Va., Nov. 7, 1863. 

Hammond, Charles, private, Co. K, Sixth Maine. Killed at Rap- 
pahannock Station, Va., Nov. 7, 1863. 

Hanniman, Emil, private, Co. K, Sixth Maine. Wounded at Rap- 
pahannock Station. Died of wounds Nov. 12, 1863. 

Hatch, William, private, Co. H, Ninth Maine. Died of disease 
July I, 1863. 

Henry, Charles D., private. Battery A, First Maine Light Artil- 
lery. Died of disease Jan. i, 1863. 

Henry, William O., private, Co. F, Sixth Maine Volunteers. Died 
Dec. 6, 1863. Buried at Military Asylum. 

Hunter, John, private, Co. L, Thirty-first Maine Infantry. Died 
April 2, 1865. 

Johnson, John, Jr., corporal, Co. K, Eighteenth or First Maine 
Heavy Artillery. Died of wounds received in action June 19, 
1864. 

Libby, John, private, Co. G, Sixty-ninth New York Infantry. Died 
of wounds received in action Dec. 11, 1862. 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 413 

McDiarmid, George, private, Co. I, Twenty-eighth Maine In- 
fantry. Died of disease Aug. 21, 1863, at Indianapolis, Ind. 

Morang, Joseph, private, Co. H, Twenty-sixth Maine Infantry. 
Died of disease at New Orleans, La., June 21, 1863. 

Morton, John E., first lieutenant, First Battery, Maine Light Artil- 
lery. Killed in action at Cedar Creek, Va., Oct, 19, 1864. 

Murrey, Thomas, private, Co. H, Nineteenth Maine Infantry. 
Died of disease March 5, 1864. 

Newcomb, Daniel W., sergeant, Co. K, Third New York Cavalry. 
Killed in action July 26, 1862. 

Norwood, Nathaniel, private, Co. H, Twenty-sixth Maine In- 
fantry. Died of disease at Bayou Bceuf, La., May 6, 1863. 

Potter, George P., private, First Maine Heavy Artillery. Killed 
in action May 20, 1864. 

Preston, Charles E., private, Co. B, Twelfth Maine Infantry. 
Drowned Ship Island, Miss., April 5, 1862. 

Roach, Thomas P., captain, Co. K., Sixth Maine Infantry. Died 
of wounds at Washington, D.C., May 28, 1863. 

Robinson, Edward, private, Co. B, Twelfth Maine Infantry. Died 
at New Orleans, La., July i, 1862. 

Robinson, Israel, sergeant, Battery A, First Maine Light Artil- 
lery. Killed in action Cedar Creek, Va., Oct. 19, 1864. 

Roop, James, private, Co. A, First Maine Battalion Infantry. 
Died of disease July 7, 1865. 

Sabine, George W., lieutenant-colonel, First Maine Heavy Artil- 
lery. Died May 28, 1865, from wounds received in action 
June 17, 1864. 

Savage, E. H., private, Co. B, Second California Cavalry. Miss- 
ing from Dun Glen Nov. 12, 1865. 

Sears, James, private, Co. K, First Maine Heavy Artillery. 
Died of wounds received in action Aug. 5, 1864. 

Sears, Richard, private, Co. K, First Maine Heavy Artillery. 
Killed in action June i, 1864. 

Sharkey, Thomas, corporal, Co. K, Sixth Maine Infantry. Killed 
at Rappahannock Station, Va., Nov. 7, 1863. 

Smith, Robert, corporal, Co. K, First Maine Heavy Artillery. 
Died in Philadelphia December, 1864. 

Stanton, Edwin, private, Co. M, First Maine Heavy Artillery. 
Killed in action June 18, 18C4. 



414 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Stayner, James E., second lieutenant, Co. D, First Maine Cavalry. 

Killed in action March 31, 1864. 
Stinson, William, private, Co. K, Sixth Maine Infantry. Missing 

in action May 10, 1864. 
Swett, Oilman A., corporal, Co. K, Sixth Maine Infantry. Killed 

at Fredericksburg, Va., May 3, 1863. 
Swett, Nathaniel F., first lieutenant. Thirteenth United States 

Infantry. Died at Alton, 111., April 25, 1862. 
Tuttle, Calvin G., private, Co. L, Third Massachusetts Cavalry. 

Died April 14, 1863, at Baton Rouge, La. 
Tripp, Albion K., private, Co, K, First Maine Heavy Artillery. 

Died of disease Dec. 22, 1864. 
Ward, John T., sergeant, Co. K, First Maine Heavy Artillery. 

Died of disease March 10, 1865. 
Whelpley, Joseph, second lieutenant, Co. D, First Maine Veteran 

Volunteer Infantry. Died of wounds received in action 

March 25, 1S65. 
White, Henry A., private, Co. A, Sixteenth Maine Infantry. 

Missing in action June 7, 1864. 
Woodward, George W., private, Co. H, Ninth Maine Infantry, 

Died of disease April 4, 1S65. 



THE NAVY. 

It is now my pleasant duty to point with a just and honor- 
able pride to what the town of Eastport did in furnishing 
officers and men to the general government to support the 
navy. From time immemorial, the great extent of Maine's 
populous seacoast has always induced thousands of her citi- 
zens to embrace the mariner's vocation ; and the breaking 
out of the war afforded a nursery for seamen for the navy 
unequalled upon this continent. Eastport doubly earned her 
proud title by her patriotism and the gallant achievements of 
her sons. Along the 3,600 miles of coast blockaded by ou|- 
navy and on the thousand bays, inlets, rivers, and other 
waters of our nation, her stalwart children bravely toiled and 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 415 

fought with unceasing vigilance. Without invidious compar- 
ison, it may be said, with all due justice, that she was not 
behind any of her sister towns in the assistance she rendered 
in putting down the great Rebellion. The following list 
gives the number of each rank borne on the rolls of the 
navy, and includes, in addition to those credited to Eastport, 
a few natives of the town not so credited : — 

• Regulars. 

Edes, Robert T., was commissioned assistant surgeon, U.S. Navy, 
Jan. 24, 1862. Original entry into the service Sept. 30, 
1S61. Past assistant surgeon, U.S. Navy, April 24, 1865. 
Resigned May 31, 1865. Served on bark "Horace Beals," 
in Western Gulf Blockading Squadron ; on steamer " Black 
Hawk " (flag ship), Mississippi Squadron ; and at Naval Hos- 
pital, Chelsea, Mass. 

Barry, George J., third assistant engineer. Service prior to the 
RebelHon omitted. First assistant engineer July i, 1861. 
Confirmed chief March 21, 1870, to date from Nov. 10, 
1863. Served on "Wabash," " Westernport," " Narragan- 
sett," " Adirondack," " Pontoosuc," and " California." 

Barry, Patrick H., third assistant engineer. Enlisted May 3, 1862. 
Ordered to "Tioga" May, 1S62. Condemned by medical 
survey May 30, 1863. Ordered to " Canonicus " July 22, 1863. 
Died at Eastport Aug. i, 1863. 

Volunteers . 

Langthorn, Amos R., acting master. Enlisted December, 1861. 
Promoted acting volunteer lieutenant Jan. 29, 1863-. Served 
on Mortar Flotilla 1862; Mississippi Squadron 1863, 1864, 
and 1S65. Honorably discharged as acting volunteer lieuten- 
ant March 6, 1866. Was acting master " C. P. Williams" 
(Porter's Mortar Flotilla) in 1862, as acting volunteer lieu- 
tenant and commander " Mound City." Participated as com- 
mander of "Alabama" in line No. 3 of the fleet concerned 
in the successful attack on Fort Fisher July 15, 1861;. 



41 6 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Folsom, Charles, acting master. Enlisted Oct. 31, 1861. Served 
on "State Georgia" 1861 and 1862. Commanded tug "Dan- 
delion " 1862-63. Served on " Colorado " 1863-64. Resigned 
as acting master Feb. 8, 1864. 

Crosby, John K., acting master. Enlisted April 15, 1862. Served 
on " Housatonic " until she was sunk by "David" torpedo, 
Charleston Harbor, Feb. 17, 1864. Served on South Atlantic 
Squadron in 1864 and 1865. Honorably discharged Sept. r6, 
1865. 

Baker, Henry R., acting ensign Aug. 11, 1862; acting master July 
6, 1864; ensign March 12, 1868; master Dec. 16, 1868; lieu- 
tenant March 21, 1870. Retired Dec. 2, 1876. 

Cony, Joseph S., acting ensign. Enlisted Dec. 29, 1862. Pro- 
moted acting master Sept. 7, 1863. Served on "Shockokon" 
1863; North Atlantic Blockading Squadron 1864-65. Rec- 
ommended for promotion for gallantry in action with blockade 
runner " Alexander Cooper." Commanded boat's crew from 
" Shockokon " off Wilmington, N.C. As acting master of 
steamer " Britannia " receives mention in report from acting 
volunteer lieutenant James Huse. Was executive officer "Bri- 
tannia," and temporarily commanded that vessel at Beaufort, 
N.C, during illness of her commander. Participated in attack- 
ing party on Fort Fisher in armed boats from Fort Jackson. 
Honorably discharged as acting master Nov. 7, 1865. 

Shackford, William, acting ensign. Enlisted July 17, 1863. Or- 
dered to "Home" Aug. 11, 1863. Promoted acting master 
Oct. 27, 1864, and ordered to ironclad "Nahant" in South 
Atlantic Blockading Squadron. Honorably discharged Nov. 
II, 1865. 

Wheeler, Frederick L., acting master's mate. Enlisted March 5, 
1864. Served on " W^amsutta." Resigned March 15, 1865. 

Knox, Daniel E., acting master's mate. Enlisted Sept. 22, 1864. 
Ordered to " Wabash." Served on " Monticello." Ordered 
to " Powhatan," then on board " Vanderbilt." 

Murphy, Charles J., acting master's mate. Originally enlisted at 
Boston as seaman Sept. 24, 1861. Was slightly wounded in 
engagement of " Wyoming " with the Japanese at Simonosaki 
July 16, 1863, and received honorable mention in report of 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 417 

Commodore D. McDougal of that vessel July 23, 1S63. I^n- 
listed Nov. 2, 1864, as acting master's mate. Ordered to 
"Suwanee" Nov. 12, 1864. Ordered to Naval Academy May 
25, 1867, and still in service there on board sloop " Dale '' as 
mate. (See service as " seaman.") 

Ilsley, Edward D. Appointed acting assistant paymaster, U.S. 
Navy, Aug. 18, 1S62. Served on steam gunboat "Conestoga," 
Mississippi Squadron, Acting Rear-admiral David D. Porter 
commanding. Resigned July 27, 1864. 

Wheeler, Edmund S., acting assistant paymaster. Enlisted Sept. 
24, 1863. Ordered to "Pampero." Honorably discharged 
Oct. 31, 1865. 

Kinney, Edward, acting third assistant engineer. Enlisted Aug. 
2, 1864. Served on "Selma," West Gulf Squadron. Pro- 
moted to second assistant engineer, and ordered to " Glide," 
West Gulf Squadron. Resigned June 9, 1865. 

Birchell, William, cook. Enlisted Jan. 28, 1864, for one year. 
Served on ''Atlanta." Discharged Jan. 27, 1865. 

Ashton, Robert, seaman. Enlisted July 15, 1863, for one year. 
Served on " Passaic." 

Bates, William H., seaman. Enlisted June 7, 1864, ^o^ two years. 
Served on " Pontoosuc." Missing Aug. 13, 1864. 

Black, John, seaman. Enlisted Sept. 2, 1864. Served on •' Ta- 
cony." Discharged from hospital Dec. 8, 1864. 

Bogart, Henry R., seaman. Enlisted April 18, 1861, for three 
years. Served on " Wabash." 

Bowie, James, seaman. Enlisted Oct. 14, 1861, for three years. 
Served on "Morning Light " and " Oneida." 

Bowman, Edwin R., seaman. Enlisted, Sept. 30, 1862, for one 
year. Served on " Circassian " and " Ossipee." Discharged 
Oct. 21, 1863, and re-enlisted for three years. Was boatswain 
on " Ticonderoga." Was quartermaster " Ticonderoga," and 
wounded, left leg broken, in first attack Fort Fisher. Dec. 24, 
1864. Received medal for gallantry in that attack. Dis- 
charged March 22, 1S65, Hospital, Norfolk, Va. 

Eridges, Josiah, seaman. Enlisted June 6, 1864. Served on 
"Pontoosuc." Discharged April 24, 1865. 



41 8 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Bridges, Mark, seaman Enlisted Oct. 25, 1S61. Served on 
" Rachel Seaman " and " Penobscot.'" 

Brown, Philip, seaman. Enlisted April i, 1862. 

Brown, William, seaman. Enlisted June ri, i860. Served on 
" Constitution " and " Richmond." Died June 22, 1861. 

Bryan, John, seaman. Enlisted Aug. 20, 1862. Served on " Roe- 
buck." 

Chambers, William, seaman. Enlisted July 30, 1862, for year. 
Served on " Oneida." 

Burns, Daniel, seaman. Enlisted May 10, 1861. Served on 
" Santee," " Ossipee," and " Brooklyn." 

Case, Richard, seaman. Enlisted May 25, 1861, for three years. 
Served on " Isaac Smith " and " Circassian." Discharged 
July 7, 1863. Re-enlisted and transferred to " Vicksburg," 
North Atlantic Blockading Squadron, to *' Minnesota." Dis- 
charged Oct. 28, 1864. 

Conley, John, seaman. Enlisted Oct. 7, 1861. Served on " Mid- 
night." 

Connelly, George, seaman. Enlisted Feb. 5, 1861. Served on 
" Perry," " Bienville," " Gov. Buckingham," and " Brooklyn." 

Cox, John, seaman. Enlisted Sept. 25, 1862, for one year. Served 
on " Midnight." Discharged Oct. 26, 1863. 

Cunnable, John A., seaman. Enlisted March 19, 1862. Served 
on " Sebago." Discharged Feb. 2, 1863. 

Curling, Richard, seaman. Enlisted Sept. i, i860. Served on 
" Richmond." 

Daggett, James, seaman. Enlisted June 10, 1861. Served on 
•' Vincennes " and receiving ship at Philadelphia. 

Daly, Francis, seaman. Enlisted July 6, 1861. Served on '-Po- 
tomac" and " Oravetta." Discharged Aug. 29, 1864. 

Dely, Charles, seaman. Enlisted May 27, 1861. Served on "Col- 
orado." 

Diamond, John, seaman. Enlisted May 7, 1861. Served on 
" Montgomery," " Memphis," and " Gov, Buckingham." Dis- 
charged Nov. 29, 1864. 

Dowling, John, seaman. Enlisted Feb, 20, 1863. 

Dunn, Francis, seaman. Enlisted Jan. 28, 1862. Served on 
"Cayuga." Discharged May 14, 1864. 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 419 

Farrell, John, seaman. Enlisted Aug. 21, i860. Served on 

" Cumberland," as quartermaster, when sunk by " iMerri- 

mac," March 8, 1862. 
Fifield, Henry P., seaman. Enlisted May i, i86i,for three years. 

Served on "Minnesota" and " Shawsheen." Re-enlisted 

March 2, 1865. Served on "Supply." Discharged June 29, 

1868. 
Flagg, Edwin, seaman. Enlisted Nov. 14, 1861. Served on 

" Chocura." Discharged Dec. 16, 1864. 
Flagg, William, seaman. Enlisted May 24, 1864. Served on 

"Seminole" as coxswain. Missing Sept. 2, 1865. 
Forbes, Edward, seaman. Enlisted Feb. 5, 1862. Served on 

" Currituck." 
Ford, Alfred, seaman. Enlisted Aug. 13, 1861. Discharged Aug. 

26, 1862. 
Franks, George, seaman. Enlisted April 15, 1864. Transferred 

from army. Served on "Mackinaw." Died Nov. 13, 1865. 
French, Benjamin F., seaman. Enlisted Aug. 25, 1862. Served 

on "J. P. Smith." Discharged March 16, 1863. 
Frill, William, seaman. Enlisted Feb. 7, i860. Served on "Ni- 
agara." Discharged Dec. 20, 1861. 
Gorham. Wellington, seaman. Enlisted July 6, 1864. Missing 

July 29, 1864, from receiving ship "Erie." 
Gorham, William, seaman. Enlisted Feb. 8, 1862. Served on 

" Colorado." 
Hall, Silas P., seaman. Enlisted May 5, 1864. Served on 

" Chicopee " and " Mattabessett." Discharged June 19, 1865. 
Harrington, John, seaman. Enlisted Aug. 28, 1862. 
Hickey, William, seaman. Enlisted Jan. 15, 1864. Served on 

"Wyalusing." Enlisted Oct. 15. 1864, in Thirty-first Maine 

Infantry. 
Hillman, Richard, seaman. Enlisted Aug. 20, 1862. Served on 

"North Carolina " and *' Unadilla." Discharged Sept. 17, 

1863. Re-enlisted Sept. 23. 1863. Served on "Niagara.'" 

Drowned Feb. 9, 1864. 
Hilyard, Charles, seaman. Enlisted Jan. 15, 1862. Served on 

"Vermont." Boatswain's mate on '• Wissahickon." Captured 

at Fort Sumter. S.C., Sept. 8, 1863. Released from Libby 



42 O EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Prison in October, 1864. Honorably discharged Nov. 2, 1864. 
Three years' previous service. 

Ingersoll, Charles, seaman. Enlisted Nov. 28, 1861. Served 
on " Chocura." Discharged Nov. 5, 1864. 

Johnson, Alexander, seaman. Enlisted May 24, 1861. Served 
on "Roanoke," "Somerset," and "J. S. Chambers." Dis- 
charged June 13, 1864. 

Johnson, Gradis, seaman. Enlisted June 12, 1861. Served on 
" Vincennes." 

Johnson, James, seaman. Enlisted Nov. 5, 1861. Served on 
"Winona." Discharged Jan. 6, 1865. 

Kay, Jacob, seaman. Enlisted Nov. 2, 1861. Served on "Saga- 
more." 

Keifler, George, seaman. Enlisted April 11, 1864. Served on 
" Brooklyn." No further record. 

Kelly, Charles, seaman. Enlisted Jan. 17, 1861. Served on 
"Jackson." Discharged Jan. 16, 1865. 

Kelly, John, seaman. Enlisted Dec. 30, 1861. Served on "Lan- 
caster." Quartermaster of " Hartford" in 1864. Discharged 
Dec. 20, 1864. Had eleven and one-half years' previous 
service. 

Kennard, George, seaman. Enlisted July 13, 1862. Served on 
" Powhatan " and " Kansas." 

Kirnan, William H., seaman. Enlisted Dec. 3, 1863. Served on 
" Niagara," " Glaucus," " Hero." Missing. Returned to ves- 
sel Aug. 29, 1864. Transferred to "Midnight." Dischai-ged 
July 15, 1865. 

Lambert, Richard, seaman. Enlisted Aug. 13, 1861. Served on 
"Sabine," " Carondelet." Discharged Aug. 24, 1864. Re- 
enlisted Sept. 29, 1864. Served on "Little Ada." Missing. 
Returned July 14, 1865. Honorably discharged Sept. 7, 1867. 

Larkin, Walter, seaman. Enlisted Nov. 13, 1861. Served on 
" Winona " and " Penguin." Discharged 1864. 

Laten, Charles, seaman. Enlisted May 21, 1861. Served on 
" Colorado." 

Low, George, seaman. Enlisted Sept. 6, 1861. Served on 
" Mount Vernon." 

Matthews, Samuel, seaman. Enlisted May 22, 1862. Served on 
"Wabash." Discharged April 21, 1865. 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 42 1 

Matthews, William J., seaman. Enlisted Nov. 2, 1861. Served 

on " Sagamore." 
Milliken, Andrew, seaman. Enlisted Aug. 3, 1S62. Served on 

"Sylvia." Discharged Aug. 8, 1S63. 
Mitchell, Charles, seaman. Enlisted Oct. 6, 1862. Served on 

"Juniata." 
Mitchell, Matthew, seaman. Enlisted May 22, 1861. Served on 

"Louisville." Discharged June 29, 1864. 
Monroe, Henry, seaman. Enlisted Dec. 26, 1861. Served on 

" Hartford." 
Mooney, Michael J., seaman. Enlisted Dec. 7, 1861. Served on 

"Pursuit." In hospital at Key West. 
Morton, Frederick, seaman. Enlisted July 27, 1864. 
Murphy, Charles J., seaman. (See service as acting master's 

mate.) 
Murphy, Thomas, seaman. Enlisted May 14, 1862. Served on 

"Saranac" and "Lancaster." Missing Nov. 24, 1863. 
McBride, John, seaman. Enlisted Nov. 2, 1862. Served on 

"Pembina." Discharged Sept. 2, 1863. 
McDonald, John, seaman. Enlisted Sept. 21, 1864. 
McFarlane, Hugh, seaman. Enlisted Oct. 22, 1862. Served on 

"Montauk." Discharged Oct. 26, 1863. 
McNeely, John, seaman. Enlisted July 10, i860. Served on 

" Constitution " and " Richmond." 
Nordstrom, Charles E., seaman. Enlisted June 4, 1861. Served 

on " Connecticut " and " Colorado." Discharged June 30, 

1862. 
Owen, James, seaman. Enlisted March 3, 1862. Served on "San 

Jacinto," " St. Lawrence," and " Beauregard." 
Pickell, John E., seaman. Enlisted Aug. 20, 1861. Served on 

" Fernandina." Discharged September, 1863. 
Pine, Charles B., seaman. Enlisted Nov. 11, 1861. Served on 

" Quaker City." Master at arms on " Wissahickon." Capt- 
ured at Fort Sumter. Discharged Sept. 8, 1864. 
Quinn, Thomas, seaman. Enlisted Jan. 21, 1S62. Promoted 

boatswain's mate of " Para." Discharged Feb. 14, 1865. 
Ramsay, John D., seaman. Enlisted May 7, 1861. Served on 

" Daylight." 



42 2 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Rice, George E., seaman. Enlisted Sept. 5, 1861. Served on 

South Blockading Squadron. Discharged Nov. 4, 1862. 
Richardson, George, seaman. Enlisted June 25, 1861. Served 

on " Pensacola." Died Sept. 9, 1861. 
Robinson, William, seaman. EnHsted May 29, 1861. Served on 

" Roanoke." 
Rogers, Henry, seaman. Enlisted July 29, 1861. Served on 

" Louisiana." 
Sergeant, John, seaman. Enlisted May 20, 1861. Served on 
"Jamestown." Gunners mate on "Powhatan." Killed on 
expedition Fort Sumter Sept. 8, 1863. 
Sharpless, George, seaman. Enlisted Aug. 31, 1861. Discharged 

Aug. 30, 1862. Re-enhsted. Served on "San Jacinto." 
Small, Augustine, seaman. Enhsted Jan. 27, 1862. Served on 

"Clifton." Discharged Nov. 4, 1862. 
Smith, Charles, seaman. Enlisted April 23, 1861. Six years' 

previous service. 
Smith, Charles, seaman. Enlisted May 4, 1861. 
Smith, Charles, seaman. Enlisted Nov. 6, 1862. Served on 

" Colorado." 
Smith, Charles H., seaman. Enlisted Nov. 6, 1862. Served on 

Western Flotilla. 
Spicer, Henry, seaman. Enlisted Nov. 23, i860. Served on 
" Macedonian " and "Kennebec." Discharged Nov. 4, 1862. 
Sprague, WiUiam T., seaman. Enlisted Dec. 3, 1861. Served on 

" Sumter." 
Taylor, Thomas, seaman. Enlisted May 5, 1861. Served on 

" Mississippi " and " Magnolia." Discharged Nov. 5, 1863. 

Thompson, George, seaman. Enhsted July 17, 1862. Served on 

" Housatonic," " Fernandina," " Paul Jones," and " Seminole." 

Killed by explosion of torpedo in Mobile Bay Aug. 25, 1864. 

Turner, Richard, seaman. Enlisted May 5, 1864. Served on 

"Saratoga." 
Vaughan, Peter, seaman. Enlisted Jan. 25, 1865. Served on 

" Naubuc." Missing May 24, 1865. 
Wannan, James R., seaman. Enhsted Oct. 15, 1862. 
Weir, John, seaman. Enlisted Oct. 9, i860. Served on "Cum- 
berland." Died Dec. 30, 1861 {?). A John Weir appears by 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OP^ THE REBELLION 423 

record to have been coxswain of " Cumberland '" when sunk 
by " Merrimac," March 8, 1862. 

Welsh, Edward, seaman. Enlisted June 16, 1864. Served on 
" Tacony," " Chicopee," and " Marblehead." Honorably dis- 
charged July 9, 1867. 

White, David, seaman. Enlisted Nov. 15, 1862. Served on 
'• Alabama." 

Allen, Henry, ordinary seaman. Enlisted May 27, 1861. 

Anderson, John, ordinary seaman. Enlisted April 18, i86r. 
Served on " Massachusetts " and " Ino." Discharged April 
15, 1865. 

Baker, Thomas, ordinary seaman. Enlisted May 30, 1862. 
Served on " Keystone State." 

Barr, James, ordinary seaman. Enlisted April 23, i86r. Served 
on "Minnesota." Discharged April 22, 1864. 

Bassett Charles, ordinary seaman. Enlisted Oct. 6, 1864. Served 
on "Chippewa." Discharged 1865. 

Boyd, Joseph, ordinary seaman. Enlisted May 17, 1864. Served on 
" Saratoga," " Corwin," and " Don." Discharged May 16, 1867. 

Bugbee, Henry S., ordinary seaman. Enlisted Aug. 22, 1861. 
Served on " Mohican " and " Keystone State." 

Coleman, Joseph, ordinary seaman. Enlisted Jan. 3, 1862. 

Clark, Edwin T. C, ordinary seaman. Enlisted Oct. 14, 1861. 
Served on " Maria Wood." Discharged Aug. 5, 1862. 

Dees, Clement (colored), ordinary seaman. Enlisted June 6, 1864. 
Served on " Pontoosuc." Missing July 22, 1865. Was rec- 
ommended for medal of honor for gallantry, skill, and cool- 
ness in action during operations in and about Cape Fear 
River Dec. 24, 1864, to Feb. 22, 1865. 

Diamond, James, seaman. Enlisted Dec. 7, 1861. 

Dickinson, George G., ordinary seaman. Enlisted June 14, 1864. 
Served on " Pontoosuc." Discharged Aug. 22, 1865. 

Dudle}', William, ordinary seaman. Enlisted April 23, 1862. 
Served on " Florida." Discharged April 22, 1864. 

Ferguson, William H., ordinary seaman. Enlisted Dec. i, 1864. 
Served on "Connecticut " and " Bat." 

Field, Charles A., ordinary seaman. Enlisted Feb. 6, 1862. Served 
on " Kennebec " and " Portsmouth." 



424 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Foster, James, ordinary seaman. Enlisted May 12, 1864. Served 

on " Saratoga " and " New Hampshire." Missing May 2, 

1865. 
Frost, William H., ordinary seaman. Enlisted Aug. 31, 1861. 

Served on '* Hendrick Hudson." Discharged Sept. 2, 1863. 
Gallagher, Thomas E., ordinary seaman. Enlisted Aug. 11, 1862. 

Served on " New Ironsides." Discharged August, 1864. 
Galvin, Daniel, ordinary seaman. Enlisted Dec. 20, i860. Served 

on " Macedonian." 
Gookin, John M., ordinary seaman. Transferred from Co. B, 

Seventh Maine Regiment, to Co. B, First Maine Regiment 

Veteran Infantry. Transferred to the navy April 15, 1864. 

Served on " Mackinaw." 
Grayson, Edward T., ordinary seaman. Enlisted Aug. 25, i860. 

Served on "Powhatan." Discharged July 28, 1863. 
Griffin, John W., ordinary seaman. Enlisted April 15, 1864. 

Transferred from army to East Gulf Squadron. Served on 

" Fort Henry " and " Howgaat." 
Grififin, Lawrence, ordinary seaman. Enlisted Jan. 15, 1862. 

Served on " Kennebec " and " Nightingale." Discharged 

June 16, 1864. 
Griffin, Levi, ordinary seaman. Enlisted Oct. 28, 1861. Served 

on '* Keystone State " and " Powhatan." 
Harris, Thomas, ordinary seaman. Enlisted Jan. 24, 1862. Served 

on "Vermont," "Sarah Bruen," and "Richmond." Dis- 
charged June 13, 1864. 
Hayden, Charles, ordinary seaman. Enlisted Jan. 5, 1863. Served 

on " Lackawanna." Promoted yeoman. Wounded, right 

leg broken, while passing forts in Mobile Bay, Aug. 5, 1864. 
King, James W., ordinary seaman. Enlisted April 8, 1862. 

Transferred to " Cairo." 
Mangum, Hugh, ordinary seaman. Enlisted April 18, 1864. 

Transferred from army, Co. K, Sixth Maine, to East Gulf 

Squadron, May 7, 1864. Served on " San Jacinto." 
Marsh, Edward, ordinary seaman. Enlisted Aug. 22, 1862. 

Served on "Augusta." Missing Jan. 7, 1863. 
Marshall, Lawrence S., ordinary seaman. Enlisted May 9, 1862. 

Served on " Pampero " and " Portsmouth." Discharged July 

28, 1864. 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 425 

Matthews, Samuel, ordinary seaman. . Enlisted May 19, 1862. 

Served on " San Jacinto." 
Moran, George, ordinary seaman. Enlisted Feb. 3, 1862. Served 

on " Horace Beals " and " Onondaga." 
Morang, George, ordinary seaman. Enlisted Aug. 13, 1862. 

Served on " Wyandotte." 
Myers, John H., ordinary seaman. Enlisted Sept. 30, 1862. 

Served on "Sabine," " Florida," and "Union." Discharged 

Oct. 4, 1863. 
McGibbon, John, ordinary seaman. Enlisted Sept. 9, 1861. 

Served on Mississippi Squadron. Discharged Feb. 17, 1863. 
Newman, William, ordinary seaman. Enlisted May 9, 1864. 

Transferred from army. Served on "O. M. Pettit," "New 

Hampshire," and " Lenopee." Discharged July 11, 1866. 
Orff, William, ordinary seaman. Enlisted Jan. 29, 1862. Served 

on " William Bacon " and " T. A. Ward." Discharged Feb. 

27, 1865. 
Patterson, William H., ordinary seaman. Enlisted Oct. 12, 1861. 

Served on "Connecticut." Discharged June 24, 1862. 
Pine, William S., ordinary seaman. Enlisted April 18, 1864. 

Transferred from army. Served on " Commodore Perry." 

Discharged July 7, 1865. 
Rankin, Alexander, ordinary seaman. Enlisted Oct. 31, 1863. 

Served on "Pequot." Missing Jan. 28, 1864. 
Riley, James, ordinary seaman. Enlisted Sept. 14, 1864. 
Robinson, William, ordinary seaman. Enlisted Oct. 21, 1861. 

Served on " Rachel Seaman " and " Grand Gulf." Dis- 
charged May 20, 1866. 
Scott, Henry J., ordinary seaman. Enlisted July 31, 1863. Served 

on " Arkansas," " Chocura," and " Fear Not." Discharged 

July 30, 1866. 
Shannon, Jeremiah, ordinary seaman. Enlisted Oct. 12, 1861. 
Short, Edward J., ordinary seaman. Enlisted April 18, 1864. 

Transferred from army. Served on " Governor Bucking- 
ham " and " Powhatan." Discharged Aug. 24, 1865. 
Southerland, John, ordinary seaman. Enlisted June 10, 1861. 

Served on " St. Lawrence." 
Tracy, Thomas, ordinary seaman. Enlisted July 12, 186 1. Served 



426 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

on " Cumberland." Was lost when that vessel was sunk by 

" Merrimac," March 8, 1862. 
Waters, James, ordinary seaman. Enlisted May 30, 1862. 

Served on " Keystone State." Missing, but found. Served 

on "Massachusetts." Discharged May 29, 1865. 
Welsh, William, ordinary seaman. Enlisted Aug. 27, i860. 

Served on " Powhatan " and " Catskill." 
White, James, ordinary seaman. Enlisted Dec. 19, i86r. Dis- 
charged Jan. 6, 1865. 
Wiggins, George W., ordinary seaman. Enlisted Aug. 15, 1861. 

Served on " Richmond." Discharged Sept. 9, 1864. 
Wilson, Eugene A., ordinary seaman. Enlisted Aug. 15, 1861. 

Served on " Gemsbok." 
Winchester, George L., ordinary seaman. Enlisted April 18, 1864. 

Transferred from army. Served on " Brandywine " and 

" Tacony." Missing July 29, 1865. 
Winchester, James E., ordinary seaman. Transferred from army. 

Missing from receiving ship at Baltimore Nov. 30, 1864. 

Armstrong, John W., landsman. Enlisted Aug. 16, 1864. Cred- 
ited to Ellsworth. Served on " Stockdale." Discharged 
Sept. 17, 1865. 

Balkam, William, A., landsman. Enlisted Oct. 27, 1862. Served 
on " Colorado" and "Lafayette." Discharged Oct. 8, 1863. 

Black, Thomas, landsman. Enlisted May 30, 1862. Served on 
" Keystone State." 

Burke, Joseph, landsman. Enlisted Nov. 13, 1861. Served on 
" Albatross," " Sciota," and " Potomac." Discharged March 
5, 1864. 

Burnham, Thomas, landsman. Enlisted July 20, 1863. Served 
on " Bainbridge." 

Capen, Edward, landsman. Enlisted Sept. 21, 1863. Served on 
" Ethan Allen." Discharged June 14, 1865. 

Claridge, Joseph S., landsman. Enlisted Nov. 14, i860. Served 
on " Saratoga " and " De Soto." Served as apothecary's stew- 
ard on " Sun Flower." Discharged Dec. 29, 1863. Afterward 
enlisted in Third Maryland Cavalry as assistant surgeon. 

Collins, John, landsman. Enlisted Aug. 5, 1861. Served on 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 427 

"Congress" when sunk by " Merrimac," March 8, 1862. 

Discharged June 7, 1S62. 
Concannon, John, landsman. Enlisted July 9, 1861. Served on 

"Cumberland" when sunk by " Merrimac," March 8, 1862. 

Was saved. 
Duross, James, landsman. Enlisted Jan. 6, 1865. Served on 

" Circassian," " Winnefried," " Stonewall," " Swatara," and 

" Shamrock." Discharged July 13, 1868. 
Eastman, William, landsman. Enlisted June 12, 1861. Served 

on " Colorado." 
Eldridge, Amos, landsman. Enlisted Aug. 25, 1864. Credited to 

" Rockland." Served on " Sabine." Discharged Aug. 5, 

1865. 
Gray, John W., landsman. Enlisted Oct. 2, 1861. Served on 

"Florida." Discharged Oct. 28, 1862. 
Gray, Samuel, landsman. Enlisted Dec. 20, i860. Served on 

"St. Mary's," on receiving ship at New York in 1863. 
Hamilton, Alexander, landsman. Enlisted Dec. 28, 1864. Served 

on " Circassian." Missing June 10, 1865. 
Harrison, Thomas M., landsman. Enlisted May 18, 1861. Served 

on " South Carolina." 
Hazen, Edward S., landsman. Enlisted Nov. 7, 1862. Served on 

"Huron." Discharged Dec. 31, 1863. Re-enlisted April 20, 

1864. Served on " Pontoosuc " and " Galatea." 
Hyde, Michael, landsman. Enlisted Aug. 26, 1862. 
Leavens, George, landsman. Enlisted Feb. 10, 1862. 
Murphy, Harrison L., landsman. Enlisted Sept. 21, 1863. Served 

on " Ethan Allen." Discharged Oct. 30, 1864. 
Murphy, Thomas, landsman. Enlisted March 3, 1862. Served 

on " Baron de Kalb " in Western Flotilla. Promoted to ordi- 
nary seaman. Killed at Fort Pemberton, Yazoo Expedition. 
Nicholson, James, landsman. Enlisted Jan. 4, 1865.- 
Quinn, John, landsman. Enlisted Aug. 27, 1862. 
Room, Edward L., landsman. Enlisted May 29, 1861. Served on 

"Nightingale." Discharged July 26, 1862. 
Smith, Abiel T., landsman. Enlisted Jan. 16, 1864. Served on 

" Agawam." 
Sparrow, John, landsman. Enlisted June 13, 1S64. Served on 

" Pontoosuc." Missing Aug. 10, 1S64. 



428 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Train, Peter, landsman. Enlisted Oct. 23, 1861. Served on 

" Santiago de Cuba " and prize *' Victoria." Discharged Aug. 

28, 1863. 
Vanner, Daniel, landsman. Enlisted Nov. i, 1862. Served on 

"Colorado" and "Lafayette." Discharged Nov. 9, 1863. 
Volger, John, landsman. Enlisted Sept. 2, 1S64. 
Williams, John, landsman. Enlisted July 26, i860. Served on 

" Constitution " and " Richmond." Killed at Port Hudson, La. 
Winn, James, landsman. Enlisted May 3, 1861. 

Hunter, John, first-class boy. Enlisted June 14, 1864. Served 

on "Pontoosuc." Discharged May 27, 1865. 
Miller, George, first-class boy. Enlisted Dec. 6, 1864. 
Parker, George, first-class boy. Enlisted Sept. 13, 1863. Served 

on "Ethan Allen." Discharged Oct. 30, 1864. 
Doyle, James, first-class fireman. Enlisted Oct. 17, 1864. Served 

on " San Jacinto," " Proteus," and " Magnolia." 
Doyle, Michael, first-class fireman. Enlisted April 23, i860. 

Served on " Pawnee " and " Tuscarora." 
Fitch, Henry, first-class fireman. Enlisted June 6, 1864. Served 

on "Pontoosuc." Missing July 7, 1864. 
Gayhan, James H., first-class fireman. Enlisted Jan. 13, 1863. 

Served on "Weehawken." Reported missing when " Wee- 

hawken" was sunk, Dec. 6, 1864. 
Jones, William, first-class fireman. Enlisted Sept. 17, 1864. 
Mahony, Charles, first-class fireman. Enlisted Aug. 31, 1863. 

Served on " Niagara " and " Wateree." 
Smith, George M., first-class fireman. Enlisted July 15, 1863. 

Served on " Montgomery." 
Berwick, Charles, second-class fireman. Enlisted Jan. 21, 1865. 

Served on " Connecticut," " Wachusett," and " Hartford." 

Honorably discharged Aug. 14, 1868. 
David, Seward B., second-class fireman. Enlisted Oct. 17, 1863. 

Served on "Acacia." Discharged Nov. 24, 1864. 
Alexander, Richard H., coal-heaver. Enlisted Feb. 18, 1862. 

Served on " Kensington." 
Cosh, Michael, coal-heaver. Enlisted Feb. i, 1862. Served on 

" Chocura." Discharged Feb. 27, 1865. 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 429 

Doyle, James, coal-heaver. Enlisted April 17, 1861. Served on 

" Mississippi " and " Arizona." 
Johnson, James, coal-heaver. Enlisted Jan. 12, 1864. Served on 

" Canonicus." Discharged Feb. 14, 1865. 
McCormick, John, coal-heaver. Enlisted Aug. 5, 1862. Served 

on " Ossipee." 

Additional Names. 

Skanks, James. Enlisted Aug. 28, 1862. Served on "Jane" and 

" Young Rover." 
Bridges, Putnam ; Irvin, Elisha. No definite information obtained. 
Folsom, Joseph. Served on " Henry Bunker." Woods, James. 

Served on " Cumberland." Impossible to collect further data 

concerning these names. 

NAVY. 

Roll of Ho7ior. 

Barry, Patrick H., third assistant engineer. Died at Eastport, 

Me., Aug. I, 1863. 
Franks, George, seaman on "Mackinaw." Died Nov. 13, 1865. 
Gayhan, James H., first-class fireman. Reported missing when 

" Weehawken " was sunk, Dec. 6, 1864. 
Hillman, Richard, seaman on "Niagara." Drowned Feb. 9, 1864. 
Murphy, Thomas, landsman on " Baron de Kalb.'" Killed at Fort 

Pemberton on Yazoo Expedition. 
Richardson, George, seaman on " Pensacola." Died Sept. 9, 

1861. 
Sergent, John, seaman on "Powhatan." Killed Sept. 8, 1863, on 

expedition Fort Sumter, S.C. 
Thompson, George, seaman on " Seminole." Killed by explosion 

of torpedo in Mobile Bay, Aug. 25, 1864. 
Weir, John, seaman on "Cumberland." Died Dec. 30, 1861. 
Williams, John, landsman on " Richmond." Killed at Port 

Hudson, La. 

The diflScult task of preparing this chapter on Eastport 
in the War of the Rebellion was undertaken at the earnest 



430 



EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 



solicitation of the compiler and publisher of this interesting 
work on Eastport, In its preparation, I have been enabled 
to give almost an exact reproduction (or, in other words, as 
much as the space in this chapter will allow) of the work 
prepared and presented by me to the town of Eastport in 
1872. This chapter contains a record of those citizens of 
Eastport and natives of the town removed therefrom who 
assisted in the war for the suppression of the Rebellion, 




MEMORIAL HALL, BUILT l5 



both in the army and navy ; and its preparation has involved 
the expenditure of considerable valuable time. In each 
stage of the progress of this chapter, names forgotten or 
which were altogether new and unexpected came to light, 
which necessitated a lengthy and oftentimes unsatisfactory 
search, to trace the military or naval history of each. Also, 
at every stage, there appeared some new matter of which 
no account had been taken at the outset, but which it 
seemed eminently proper and fitting should be inserted, as 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 43 1 

shedding more light on the record and adding to its com- 
pleteness. 

It gives the names, rank, promotion, etc., of each person 
from Eastport who entered the military or naval service, and 
as complete a record of casualties as can be furnished. Be- 
sides, it gives a brief history of each regiment (compiled 
from official records) in which the persons so named served. 
The record herein given simply covers the War of the Re- 
bellion, all service prior to and subsequent to the Rebellion 
being omitted. 

In the work originally prepared (which I have heretofore 
alluded to as being almost exactly reproduced here), I was 
ably assisted by the annual printed reports emanating from 
the war and navy departments, and from the ofhces of the 
adjutants-general of such States as numbered Eastport men 
among their volunteers ; and where, in the case of men who 
served in the army, the record was still incomplete, corre- 
spondence was had with such adjutants-general to supply the 
deficiency, and from each of them (with but one exception) 
satisfactory answers were received. Wherever, too, the 
memory of the writer, or that of any other person to whom 
they were familiar, supplied any facts, they were inserted, 
it being thought better to thus give them a permanent place 
before they faded from recollection. 

With respect to the navy enlistments, much difficulty was 
experienced, it having been found impossible, in many cases, 
to obtain any certain or defined data to be used as a clew 
or starting-point from which the record of the person while 
in the naval service might be evolved. Hence it is that in 
a few cases the only indication that can be given in this 
chapter that the persons served in the navy is by the simple 
insertion of their names. Not having had in their cases 
either the date of enlistment or the date when performing 
service on board of and borne on the rolls of a navy vessel, 



432 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

it was impossible to distinguish them from the scores, and 
even hundreds, bearing similar or nearly similar names, 
which occur among the thousands enlisted during the war ; 
and, consequently, the only resource left, if the names were 
to appear at all, was to simply insert them in the proper 
places, and make this explanatory mention. 

Another difficulty in tracing the history of the men who 
enlisted in the navy (particularly that part of it relating to 
their final disposition) arises from the fact of the existence 
of the war itself. Muster-rolls from vessels constantly in 
action were forwarded irregularly to the department, and, 
even when forwarded, were too often hurriedly and care- 
lessly made. Up to 1863, they embraced no descriptive 
lists. So, in examining them, unless it was actually known 
that the man whose name was sought was, at the particular 
time which the roll covered, serving on the vessel, it was 
impossible to decide with certainty whether a name found 
thereon answering to his was really his or that of another 
and far different person. Then, again, the description on 
the enlistment returns in many cases only gives the State 
where born, and not the town or city ; and, as there were, no 
doubt, some who entered the service claiming Eastport as 
their birthplace, but whose place of birth on the return is 
simply entered " Maine," and others who, while claiming the 
town as their home, were yet born beyond its limits, it is 
not only possible, but probable, that through such deficiency 
names have been overlooked. 

To make the record here given as full and complete and 
as nearly perfect and accurate as possible has been my 
constant and untiring aim since entering upon the work. 
And when the nature of the task is considered, and that 
the data to guide my researches were in many cases only 
uncertain and unsatisfactory; when, too, it is remembered 
from how many distinct and separate sources the informa- 



EASTPORT IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION 433 

tion has been gleaned, and the many hours of patient labor 
required to collate and properly arrange the materials in 
their present form, — it will be admitted, I think, that, even 
if I have not succeeded in bringing the record up to that 
degree of perfection which I or my friends could wish, I 
have at least succeeded in preparing a fuller report of the 
standing of Eastport with respect to the service rendered 
by her sons during the war than was ever before had, and 
that its accuracy rests mainly upon official records, — the 
surest to be perpetuated. 

The task now completed was entered upon and performed 
solely as a labor of love; though, in the progress of the 
work, I own to have been stimulated and encouraged to 
make still greater exertions, and make the record yet more 
perfect and full than was at first intended, by a feeling of 
pride in my native town, — glorying as I did (and do) in the 
noble contribution she made during those four years of 
strife, and in the part which her sons took in making future 
history.* And if, whenever occasion calls for an examination 
of the pages which precede these remarks, the one whose 
labor prepared them receives a kindly remembrance, and 
he is thus recalled to the memory of any of his old towns- 
men and friends from whom he has been separated for 
these many years, he will feel himself amply repaid for all 
the trouble he has undergone and all the labor performed. 

The information contained in the original record, from 
which this chapter is prepared, so far as relates to the navy, 
was furnished by my friend, Bernard T. Hanley, deceased, 
formerly of Robbinston, Me. 

July 4, 188S. 

* The approximate estimate of troops of ail descriptions furnished by the town of 
Eastport during the war was 403, and amount paid for bounties, etc., ^60,370. This does 
not include near three hundred men serving in the navy or natives of Eastport serving 
in the regiments of other States. 



CHAPTER XII. 

COLONEL JOHN ALLAN. 

In the harbor of Eastport, midway between its wharves 
and Lubec, lies one of the satellites of Moose Island, orig- 
inally known as Dudley Island ; and under these names both 
were intimately associated in the diplomatic correspondence 
and treaties connected with the early boundary disputes. Of 
the latter, the first proprietor was Colonel John Allan ; and, 
at the end of a career which had in it many elements of 
romance, he was buried in its soil. He gave it the name 
it first bore, in compliment to his friend, Paul Dudley Sar- 
gent, a descendant of the stock which furnished two Gover- 
nor Dudleys to the colony of Massachusetts Bay. When the 
Allans made the island their home, and for many years after- 
ward, it was known as Allan's Island. Since then it has 
taken on other names, with changing proprietors, who have 
also passed away ; but it is called Allan's Island in the legis- 
lative enactments of the State of Maine. The public services 
of its first proprietor were of such marked character that his 
name ought not to be forgotten. It enjoys the peculiar 
distinction of being written into the act of incorporation of 
the town, but it ought also to have a place in the local land- 
scape ; and it is to be hoped that the island of his home and 
burial will in the future be known, as formerly, as Allan's 
Island. 

John Allan* was born in January, 1746, in Edinburgh 

* For the material of this sketch, the compiler has been largely indebted to the volume 
of Frederic Kidder, published in 1867, giving account of the miHtary operations at the 



COLONEL JOHN ALLAN 435 

Castle, Scotland, where the family are supposed to have tied 
for security, it being in the midst of the rebellion under 
Charles Edward Stuart. His father, William Allan, was a 
Scottish gentleman of means, and a major in the British 
army, and his mother the daughter of Sir Eustice Maxwell. 
A few years later, the family emigrated to Nova Scotia, and 
were among the first settlers of Halifax, moving soon after to 
the vicinity of Fort Lawrence, at the head of Cumberland 
Bay. At the breaking out of the American Revolution, we 
find John Allan, at the age of thirty, with a wife and five 
children, owning and living upon Invermary, a large, well- 
stocked farm of three hundred and forty-eight acres, one of 
the finest in that region, holding the influential positions 
of Representative to the General Assembly of the Province, 
Justice of the Peace, Clerk of Sessions and of the Supreme 
Court, and other offices which indicate his high standing in 
that community. He is understood to have received part of 
his education in Massachusetts. At any rate, his sympa- 
thies were heartily with the American people in their upris- 
ing against the mother country. On account of his fearless 
expression of his sentiments, he was obliged to leave the 
province, which he did on the 3d of August, 1776, with a few 
companions in an open boat, reaching Passamaquoddy on 
the nth, and then proceeded to Machias, the most important 
settlement in the section. After a while, he continued his 
journey to Boston, thence southward to the head-quarters 
of the American army, where he had several interviews with 
General Washington, and dined with him December 22, leav- 
ing for Philadelphia, where Congress was in session, the day 
before the little army made its famous passage across the 
Delaware and gained the victory at Trenton. The result 

time of the Revolution, and other events of Colonel Allan's life; also, to an address by 
Peter E. Vose, Esq., at the Machias Centennial, May 20, 1863, and a sketch in the JVe7u 
E7igland Genealogical Register ,\\r\\.\.tn by his great-grandson, George H. Allan, since 
deceased. 



436 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

of his consultation with the civil and military authorities was 
his appointment as " Superintendent of the Indians in the 
department comprehending all eastward and northward of 
Connecticut River," and " commander of troops stationed 
at Machias," with the rank of colonel of infantry. On his 
return to Boston, he received tidings of the disastrous repulse 
of Colonel Eddy in an attack upon Fort Cumberland, which 
had been made in opposition to the advice of Colonel Allan 
and other judicious persons, and with a force entirely inade- 
quate to the purpose. This attack exasperated the British 
authorities, who looked upon Allan as one of the principal 
instigators of the rebellion, and offered a reward of ^100 for 
his apprehension. The soldiers at Fort Cumberland were 
relentless in their treatment of the families * of those who 
escaped to the American side of the line. They burned 
Allan's house and barns, with most of their contents; and his 
family fled with the clothing they happened to have on, and 
hid themselves three days in the woods, almost without food. 
They finally found shelter with Mrs. Allan's friends ; but 
the following year she was arrested and carried to Halifax, 
where she was kept in prison for six or eight months, with 
the hope that in this way they might get hold of her hus- 
band. Finally, she was released, and joined him at Machias, 
with her five children. Several other families who escaped 
from Cumberland at the same time settled in this vicinity, 
where their descendants are quite numerous. 

* Among the inhabitants of Cumberland who espoused the American cause was Captain 
Elijah Ayer, a native of Connecticut, who had moved to the head of the Bay of Fundy ; 
and, after the defeat, he hid himself in a haystack. The British soldiery made desperate 
efforts to capture him, and, visiting his home, endeavored by threats and harsh treatment 
to compel his wife to reveal his hiding-place. Failing in this, as they went away, one of 
their number took a brand from the hearth and set fire to the dwelling. As the distracted 
wife and mother was escaping with her infant daughter in her arms, a piece of burn- 
ing wood fell from overhead, and left a large scar upon the baby's wrist. Arriving at 
womanhood, this girl was married to Ebenezer C. Wilder, one of the prominent men 
among the early settlers of Dennysville. When she died, at the advanced age of eighty- 
seven years, leaving a numerous and most respectable body of descendants, she still bore 
upon her wrist that same scar of the Revolutionary times. 



COLONEL JOHN ALLAN 437 

During the remainder of the war, Colonel Allan was busily 
engaged in the management of the Indians, a position which 
he found very perplexing at times, as the British agents were 
untiring in their efforts to induce the tribes to take part 
against the Americans, and that they did not succeed was 
owing largely to the efforts and influence of Colonel Allan. 
At this day, we can hardly appreciate the value of this ser- 
vice ; but had not the neutrality of the Penobscot, Passama- 
quoddy, St. John, and Micmac Indians been secured, the 
infant settlements in Eastern Maine could hardly have main- 
tained their existence. In this duty, he made many journeys 
along the coast and through the wilderness of Eastern Maine 
and Western Nova Scotia, with many perils and some hair- 
breadth escapes. Once, when sorely pressed for supplies, he 
announced his intention of going to Boston for aid ; and the 
Indians, fearing he might not return, demanded some security 
for the fulfilment of his promise. So he left his two eldest 
sons, William and Mark (the latter father of T. W. Allan, 
Esq., of Dennysville), with them as hostages. The boys were 
thirteen and eleven years old, and remained a year or more 
with the savages, living in their wretched style. A letter 
which he wrote to them at this time is preserved in the fam- 
ily. It is dated at Fort Gates, Machias, May 21, 1782, and 
the following is an extract : — 

Be very kind to the Indians & take particular notice of Nich- 
olas Francis Joseph and Old Coucouguash. I send you books, 
papers pens & ink, wafers & some other little things ; shall send 
more in two or three days. Let me entreat you my dear children 
to be careful of your company & manners, be moral, sober, & 
discreet. . . . Duly observe your duty to the Almighty morning 
& night, mind strictly the Sabbath Day not to have either work 
or play unless necessity compels you. I pray God to bless you 
my dear boys. 

After the close of the war, he moved to Dudley Island, 
and entered into mercantile business. His account-book 



438 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

kept at that time has been preserved, and among his cus- 
tomers appears the name of Benedick Arnold (as he spells 
it). After the close of the Revolutionary War, Arnold went 
to England, and then moved to St. John, N.B., and estab- 
lished himself in business there. He spent considerable 
time at Campobello, superintending the lading of his ves- 
sels with timber. At this time, he made some purchases 
of Colonel Allan, which were entered in this account-book. 
Colonel Allan's mercantile life was not successful ; and he 
retired to that part of Eastport afterward incorporated as 
Lubec, near the canal, where he resided during the remainder 
of his life. This home was enlivened by the presence of two 
interesting daughters, Miss Belle and Miss Betsey, who, in the 
courtly circles to which residence with their relatives at Hal- 
ifax had admitted them, gained much of the grace and polish 
of refined society ; and intelligent young men of Massachu- 
setts families, who sometimes came to this remote region, 
were not slow in discovering the attractions of the house on 
the main. It was my good fortune to know one of these 
ladies in her old age, and I well remember the dignity and 
charm of her manners and conversation. 

Colonel Allan's salary had been fully paid ; and in 1801, 
representations having been made to Congress showing the 
extent of his losses in favoring the American cause, a grant 
was made to him of two thousand acres of land in Ohio. At 
that time, Ohio was, practically, a great way off. The grant 
seems to have been neglected ; and, though the land has 
since acquired a great value, being the site of the city of 
Columbus, the family never realized any benefit from it. 

He took an active part in the incorporation of Eastport, 
was the last clerk of Plantation No. 8, and his name appears 
in section 2 of the act of incorporation. "* On the first board 
of town officers he was chosen auditor of accounts, and was 
moderator in 1802. The following letter is copied from the 

* See page 224. 



COLONEL JOHN ALLAN 439 

town records, but I have never been able to find any one who 
remembered the cannon or knew what became of it : — 

Geiitleinen^ — The only article retained at the close of the con- 
test with Britain, and the last remains of a Revolutionary servant 
is the small cannon now lying on Moose Island, commonly used 
for celebrating the anniversary of American Independence. At 
the time of making a return of the ordinance within the Eastern 
Indian department in April, 1783, Congress was pleased to allow 
the gun to remain in the Bay of Passamaquoddy for the general 
use of the Indians, and such other services as contingent incidents 
might render proper and expedient under the immediate direction 
and order of the subscriber, to whom they resigned their full 
authority and claim. 

As a small token of the esteem and regard towards the town of 
Eastport and its citizens, permit me the liberty and pleasure if 
acceptable to them to resign my right and title of said gun to the 
town in its corporate capacity to be under the immediate care and 
direction of the Selectmen for the time being, and to be used 
agreably to their order upon the condition that it be not removed 
from the said town, and also should a seperation of the island from 
the main-land take place that the said gun should be placed on the 
ground of the latter under the aforesaid regulation. 

I shall endeavor to have a suitable carriage prepared for it as 
soon as possible. With due consideration I am, 
Very respectfully, gentlemen, 

Your fellow citizen and v^ery humble servant, 

Jno. Allan. 
Eastport, June 28, 1803. 

The Selectmen of Eastport, County of Washington. 

Colonel Allan died Feb. 7, 1805, at the age of fifty-nine 
years, and was buried on the island then generally known by 
his name. Here, in August, i860, near two hundred of his 
descendants gathered from far and near, and dedicated to 
his memory an appropriate monument, which had been erected 
over the spot where with the remains of this " Revolutionary 
servant " lie those of his wife and kindred. 



CHAPTER XIII. 



MAJOR LEMUEL TRESCOTT. 

On the disbanding of the army of the Revolution, many 
officers as well as soldiers, unfitted or unwilling to go back 
to the vocations which they had left on entering the service, 
were obliged to turn in new directions ; and quite a number 
became pioneers in the eastern part of the district of Maine, 
then a comparative wilderness. Among the most prominent 

of these was the soldier 
whose name stands at 
the head of this chapter. 
Lemuel Trescott was 
born in Bristol County, 
Massachusetts, in 175 1. 
On the breaking out of 
the Revolutionary War, 
he seems to have gone 
immediately into the 
army ; for we find him, 
at the age of twenty-four, 
'^ a captain in Whitcomb's 

Regiment at the siege of Boston. He was afterward ap- 
pointed major of Colonel Henry Jackson's Fourth Massa- 
chusetts Regiment, of which David Cobb was lieutenant- 
colonel, and which was at one time in the command of 
Lafayette. " Thacher's Journal," which is a standard work 
on the Revolution, was written by Dr. James Thacher, sur- 
geon to the same regiment. In the book, he makes frequent 




FORT SULLIVAN BAT- 
TERY AND BLOCK- 
HOUSE, BUILT 
5lO. 






MAJOR LEMUEL TRESCOTT 



441 



references to his friend Trescott, reporting in one place how 
he was sent in command of a detachment to escort the 
commander-in-chief, and in another how, in the last month 
of the war, Oct. 3, 1781, at the head of a detachment of one 
hundred men, he made an attack on Fort George, L.I., 
capturing its garrison of two captains, one lieutenant, and 
eighteen rank and file, with three cannon and a number of 
small arms, ammunition, clothing, and other goods, only one 
of his men being wounded ; while the enemy lost two killed 
and two wounded. He was one of the original members of 
the Massachusetts branch of the Society of Cincinnati. 

After coming to Pas- 
samaquoddy, he was 
engaged in lumbering 
operations on Orange 
River. When Eastport 
was incorporated in 
1798, he was chosen 
the first town treasurer, 
but resigned before the 
end of the year. In 
1803 and again in 1807, 
he served as moderator 

at the annual town fort sullivan commandant's quarters, 1870. 
meeting. Then he was 

appointed collector of customs at Machias; but in 1808 we 
find him back again, superintending the erection of the 
battery and block-house at Fort Sullivan. He confesses 
that he was no engineer, and asks advice about its construc- 
tion from Major Joseph G. Swift of the army. In 181 1, he 
was appointed collector of customs for the district of Passa- 
maquoddy, to succeed Mr. Delesdernier. At the breaking 
out of the War of 18 12, he was appointed colonel of the 
Ninth United States Infantry, but did not accept. Under 




442 



EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 



the conditions of the time, his position as collector was a 
most arduous and perplexing one. 

When Eastport was captured by the British, he did not 
have time to escape, but secreted his most important papers. 
The hiding-place was afterward pointed out by a man whose 
vessel he had seized, who watched his movements and took 
this mode of revenge. He had a singular way of mixing up 
private and official business in his correspondence, and in 
a letter which was copied into the custom-house records he 
expresses his opinion that the informant was a " scoundrill." 
After moving to Lubec, he seems to have become disgusted 

because those 
who remained 
behind made 
the best of the 
'^ - situation. 
•^ " Fine times " 
(he writes) "at 
Moose Island now, 
balls, parties, etc., 
and everybody swal- 
lowing the oath." 
In a later letter, he 
relents, and says, 
" People are not to blame for trying to save their property." 
After the close of the war, he remained at Lubec, and, 
when relieved from the duties of the collectorship by the 
appointment of his successor, continued to reside there 
until his decease. He contributed liberally to the erection 
of two churches, one at the Point and the other near his 
residence. When Lafayette made his last visit to the 
United States in 1824, Major Trescott went to Boston for 
the express purpose of meeting his old companion in arms. 
The same 3'ear he was chosen one of the electors for Presi- 




MAJOR LEMUEL TRESCOTT 443 

dent and Vice-President for Maine, but ill health prevented 
his meeting with the electoral college ; and Hon. Asa Clapp, 
of Portland, was selected by his associates to fill the vacancy, 
and the vote of the State was cast for John Quincy Adams. 

He died at Lubec August, 1826, aged seventy-five years. 
The funeral services were largely attended, military escort 
being performed by the Eastport Light Infantry under the 
command of Lieutenant O. S. Livermore. In the disposal 
of his estate, legacies were made for the benefit of the 
public school in his own district and for the Washington 
County Bible Society. 

When, in 183 1, the citizens of Eastport built a public hall, 
considered at the time quite spacious and elegant, it was 
called Trescott Hall, — an evidence of the general respect 
entertained for his character and public services. This well- 
remembered building, after serving the town half a century, 
was burned in 188 1. Fort Sullivan, of which he may be 
said to have been the builder, has been dismantled; but his 
name is kept in remembrance in the county and State, as 
Plantation No 9 w-as incorporated in 1829, and is now the 
town of Trescott. 



CHAPTER XIV. 
CAPTAIN JOHN SHACKFORD AND FAMILY. 

BY SAMUEL SHACKFORD, OF CHICAGO, ILL. 

Captain John Shackford,4 born at Newbury, Mass., in 
1753, was descended from William' and Deborah (Trickey) 
Shackford, of Dover, N.H., through Joshua 2 and Elizabeth, 
and Samuel,3 who married Mary Coombs at Newbury, July 
9, 1740. He was a seaman in early life, as his father was 
before him. He visited Eastport as early as 1768, and set- 
tled there about 1783, and was the first permanent settler 
in the town of whom we have certain knowledge. In 1784, 
he had completed an establishment for taking and curing 
fish, and built a log store near the site of the present Inter- 
national Steamship Company's Wharf, where he kept a sup- 
ply of such goods as were required by fishermen and Indians. 

In 17S7, having built a dwelling-house near the shore, at 
the foot of Shackford Street, he brought his family, con- 
sisting of wife, sons John and William, to their new home in 
the wilderness, in a small vessel, the " Industry," which was 
the first vessel owned in the place, the fishing business 
previously having been carried on in open boats. The old 
log store was standing as late as 1840, then being used as a 
stable. The " Red Store," so called, was built later, and 
was removed from its original site at the head of Steamboat 
Wharf, near fifty years ago, by John Shackford, Jr., and still 
exists, a portion of it being the main part of the residence at 
the south-west corner of Third and Middle Streets, owned 



CAPTAIN JOHN SHACKFORD AND FAMILY 445 

and occupied by the late Caleb S. Huston ; and, from its 
well-preserved appearance, it may last another century. An- 
other portion of the old building is the small, two-story frame 
house, situated on the windmill lot, on Water Street, at the 
foot of Third Street. 

The first wife of Captain Shackford was Esther, daughter 
of Mr. Gideon Woodwell, an extensive ship-builder of New- 
bury. They were married Nov. 26, 1780. She had been 
well reared, and was a woman of superior intelligence in her 
day. In this solitude, remote from civilization, with few con- 
genial neighbors to cheer a weary, anxious life, she passed 
many years. They had a family of eleven children, who 
were indebted to their mother for nearly all the educational 
advantages they ever enjoyed. School-teachers were rarely 
obtainable, in those days, in this then out-of-the-world place. 
For a brief period the services of William Lloyd Garrison's 
mother* were secured to teach in the family, her home then 
being on Deer Island, in the adjacent province of New 
Brunswick. 

Captain Shackford was an enterprising man, and carried on 
a considerable business in the early settlement of the town. 
Among the vessels owned by him, we have the names of the 
" Delight," " Hannah," " Sally," and " Patty." The latter was 
reckoned a fine craft by the early inhabitants, and plied as a 
packet between Eastport, Portland, and Boston, commanded 
by Captain John Shackford, Jr., and was the first freight and 
passenger vessel employed on this now busy route. 

The Shackford farm, as marked by present boundaries, 
lay between Key Street and Shackford Cove, extending 
westerly one mile to the county road, in addition to which he 
owned the property called Shackford's Head, of one hundred 
acres, situated west of Broad Cove. He was a soldier of the 

* Frances Maria Lloyd, afterward wife of Abijah, and mother of William Lloyd 
Garrison. 



446 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Revolution, and marched under Arnold, in Captain Ward's 
company, through the wilds of Maine, to the attack of Que- 
bec, where he was taken prisoner in the assault upon the 
city, and confined nine months in prison, six weeks of the 
time in irons. After his release, he served under Washing- 
ton at Kingsbridge. After the Revolution, Benedict Arnold 
became a merchant and ship-owner at St. John, N.B. ; and 
Captain Shackford loaded a vessel for him at Campobello, 
under Arnold's personal direction. In referring to this cir- 
cumstance, he says : " I did not make myself known to him, 
but frequently, as I sat upon the ship's deck, watched the 
movements of my old commander, who had carried us 
through everything, and for whose skill and courage I re- 
tained my former admiration, despite his treason. But, when 
I thought of what he had been, and the despised man he 
then was, tears would come, and I could not help it." 

Captain Shackford commanded the first militia company 
organized in the town, his uniform consisting of an old Con- 
tinental three-cornered hat and a sword. His men were a 
sturdy, wild set of fellows, who appeared to think that the 
first duty of a soldier on training days was to drink toddy; 
and their captain had a hard enough time to control them. 
Many of them having served, half-clothed and half-fed, in 
the Continental Army, doubtless felt that they had earned 
the right to an occasional frolic. Whatever the weak- 
nesses of those veterans may have been, the world, surely, 
was benefited by their services. When the English fleet capt- 
ured the town, during the War of 18 12, and the commodore 
came on shore to take possession of the island. Captain 
Shackford met him at the shore, carrying a goad stick in his 
hand, and addressed him thus : " Well, sir ! what brought 
you here .'* I am King of this island, and these are my sub- 
jects. If you behave yourself, you can come on shore : if 
not, you had better be gone." The commodore politely 



I 



CAPTAIN JOHN SHACKFORD AND FAMILY 447 

assured him that he had called on business, and trusted 
that he should conduct himself in a manner becominjr a 
gentleman and to the satisfaction of his Majesty. After the 
English had taken possession of the town, all inhabitants 
were ordered to swear fidelity to the King, or leave the town 
and have their property confiscated. But the old soldier, 
when summoned to appear and take the oath, replied to the 
officer that he had fought under General Washington ; that 
he might take four horses and draw him in quarters, but 
never would he swear allegiance to the King of England ! It 
was probably on account of his eccentricity and boldness 
that the old gentleman was excused from taking the oath, and 
allowed to retain his property. 

After having lived to see his town become one of the im- 
portant business ports in Maine, he died on Christmas Day, 
1840, in the eighty-seventh year of his age ; and his epitaph, 
selected by the late Honorable Lorenzo Sabine, was, " An 
honest man is the noblest work of God." After his decease, 
his second wife, who was Widow Elsie Olmstead, obtained a 
pension from the United States government for his services 
in the Revolution. Levi, a brother of John, was wounded at 
the battle of Bunker Hill ; and William, another brother, was 
captured on the privateer " Dalton," and confined in the "old 
mill prison " for three years. On being released, he served 
in the Continental naval service, under the renowned Paul 
Jones, and was killed, or died, in the service. He was not 
afterward heard of by his friends. His sister Mary married 
Caleb Boynton, whose name is perpetuated in Boynton Street 
and the Boynton School. 

The family of Captain John and Esther Shackford, who 
lived to maturity and had families, were four sons, who be- 
came ship-masters, and three daughters, two of whom married 
ship-masters. The eldest son, John, Jr., born at Newbury, 
July I, 1781, died at Eastport, aged eighty-seven. As already 



448 



EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 



Stated, he commanded the first vessel owned in the town, and 
for thirty years or more continued to run a packet in the 
Boston and Eastport line, through winter's storms and sum- 
mer's fogs. He knew by sight all the dangerous places 
along the coast, but never had more than a passing acquaint- 
ance with them, and during his long experience as ship- 
master never had occasion to call upon his underwriters for a 
dollar. The " Boundary," his last packet, so well known as 




shackford's cove and windmill, 1845. 

the swiftest vessel on the coast, was driven off the route on 
the introduction of steamships, when she was twenty-one 
years old ; but for twenty years after she was a stanch craft, 
engaged in the coasting trade. The windmill which stood 
upon the bluff at the entrance of Shackford's Cove for a 
generation or more was built for him, but, on account of 
location or fault of construction, proved a failure. In a 
moderate breeze, like a balky horse, it would not go, and in 
a gale of wind nothing could stop it until the wind abated. 



CAPTAIN JOHN SHACKFORD AND FAMILY 449 

The old mill, after it had become dilapidated by wind and 
weather, was a picturesque object in approaching the town 
from the sea. It was taken down by its owner about forty 
years ago, much to the regret of the public. 

The three sons of John, Jr., who lived to manhood were : 
Captain Benjamin, who died at Eastport in 1885, aged seventy- 
three ; Charles W., who sailed from Philadelphia master of 
the brig " Esther Elizabeth," and was never heard of more ; 
and Captain John L., who died at St. Thomas, West Indies. 

William, the second son of John and Esther, born at 
Newbury Nov. 23, 1783, was a seaman from early boy- 
hood. He commanded the " Active " in 1807, afterward the 
'^ Sally," " Orient," " Blockade," "Five Brothers," and was 
engaged principally in the West India trade. He com- 
manded the brig " Dawn," which was taken by a French 
cruiser during the wars of Napoleon I. and taken into France. 
On being released, he crossed over to England, and from 
there worked his passage home as a sailor before the mast. 
He then commanded the " Lady Sherbrook " and the '• Sarah." 
His last vessel was the " Splendid," a fine vessel, built espe- 
cially for the passenger trade between Eastport and Boston. 
About 1833, ^^ ^h^ ^S^ ^^ fifty, he retired from the sea, and 
engaged with his brother Jacob and the Hon. Lorenzo 
Sabine in mercantile pursuits. He died in 1870, aged eighty- 
seven, leaving, by his second wife, Mary, daughter of Cap- 
tain Jacob Lincoln, sons, — John William, who for manv 
years commanded the steam packet-ship " Illinois " and 
other ocean steamships, and is now master of Jay Gould's 
famous steam yacht "Atalanta " ; Captain Edward Wallace, a 
successful ship-master ; and Ebed Lincoln, who, after serving 
in the Union Army during the Rebellion, settled at St. Paul, 
Minn., where he is now, a thrifty merchant. 

Captain Samuel Shackford, third son of John and Esther, 
born at Eastport Sept. 28, 1786, was probably the first native- 



450 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

born citizen of the town. He married, Dec. 12, 18 18, Eliza- 
beth, daughter of Otis and Elizabeth Thompson-Lincoln, of 
Birch Point, Perry, Me. She died at Eastport April 28, 1884, 
aged ninety. He died of yellow fever in Demerara, South 
America, August, 1820, at the early age of thirty-two, leaving 
a son. Captain Samuel, who removed to Chicago in 1853, 
engaged in mercantile pursuits, and was one of the early 
members of the Board of Trade. 

Captain Jacob Shackford, fourth son of John and Esther, 
born at Eastport Jan. 29, 1790, was a noted ship-master, 
About 1824 he commanded the steam brig " New York," the 
first steam vessel to enter Eastport Harbor. I remember to 
have seen her, long ago, coming up the river against the 
tide, puffing, and exerting herself for all she was worth, 
apparently trying a race with Cherry Island, and getting the 
worst of it. She was not a thing of beauty compared with 
steamboats now on the route. For many years he sailed 
the "Compeer," and other packets, between Eastport and 
New York, at a period when a numerous Irish emigration 
landed at St. John, N.B., and came to Eastport for passage 
to "the States?' He retired from the sea about 1832, to 
become a member of the firm of W. and J. Shackford & Co., 
the " Co." being the Hon. Lorenzo Sabine, who soon retired 
from the firm to engage in literary labor, the brothers con- 
tinuing to carry on an extensive mercantile business, ship- 
building, and fishing. By wife Eliza, daughter of John 
Pearce, he had eleven children, five of whom lived to adult 
age. Their son. Captain George W., an unusually promising 
young man, died unmarried. William is port captain in the 
Pacific Mail Steamship Company's employ at Aspinwall, 
and has a family. Henry Nevis went early to sea, and has 
not been heard of. Their daughter, Matilda Sabine, married 
Charles B. Paine ; and daughter Eliza A. is unmarried. The 
father departed on his last long voyage, " on the ebb tide," 



CAPTAIN JOHN SHACKFORD AND FAMILY 45 I 

Saturday afternoon, June 19, 1869, aged seventy-nine years, 
having lived an active, useful, conscientious life- 

The three daughters of John and Esther Shackford who 
lived to womanhood were : Hannah, who married Captain 
Darius Pearce ; Esther, who married Joshua Hinkley ; and 
Sally, who married Captain John Lincoln. 

The Shackford men in this branch of the family have for 
four generations, with few exceptions, been ship-masters. 
There was a numerous family of them at Eastport, only one 
of whom is now remaining there who bears the family name. 
The mansion left her by her father, at the corner of Water 
and Key Streets, is the only one of the Shackford residences 
spared by the recent disastrous fire which swept that part 
of the town, originally the water front of the old Shackford 
farm, as bare as it was when the first Captain John, " the 
King of Passamaquoddy," landed his family there from the 
" Industry " more than a century ago. But, should the family 
name disappear from among the inhabitants, in Shackford's 
Cove, Shackford's Head, and Shackford Street it is firmly 
fastened into the local landscape. 



CHAPTER XV. 

CLARA ARTHUR MASON. 

The most marked and important of the numerous indenta- 
tions in the shores of Moose Island is Broad Cove, which 
well deserves the description of " good harbor " given it in 
Mr. Jones's old map. With Shackford's Head stretching 
round, steep and rocky, at the right, the smooth greenness 
of Staniel's Point nearer at hand on the left, and the long 
shore of beach and cliff curving gracefully between, it makes 
a combination of land and water most fair to look upon. In 
and out, on the wide fiats, the uneasy tide of the Bay of 
Fundy comes and goes with rapid pace. In midsummer 
days, the bared surface sometimes gathers sufficient heat to^ 
mitigate the icy temperature of these northern waters, and 
gives the island youth a passable chance to learn to swim ; 
and to many scattered far and wide about the world Broad 
Cove is remembered for this favor to boyish sports. But by 
no means is this the only charm of the cove. Many who 
never braved its waters well remember the beauty of its set- 
ting in the landscape, and the pencil of one gifted woman* 
has transferred its attractions to canvas. 

On its shore stands, solitary, grim, and square, a weather- 
beaten mansion, not at all suggestive of childish joys or the 
poetic fancies of opening womanhood. Yet, from the life 
and writings of one who had here her early home, the place 
has gathered rich and hallowed associations. In preceding 
chapters have been sketched the lives of stalwart men, born 

* The late Mrs. Martin Bradish. 



CLARA ARTHUR MASON 



453 



in distant places, who lived in stormy times, made their 
mark by patriotic service, and found their last resting-places 
on these frontier shores ; and this volume ought not to miss 
the story of the fair child and consecrated woman who has 
linked her name with these scenes, though early in life she 
ended her earthly career in distant Hindustan, and found 
her last resting-place in the shadow of the great Asiatic 
mountains. 

Clara May Stevens,* the youngest child of Samuel and 
Mary (Cony) Stevens, was born at Spring Farm, Eastport, 
June 17, 1844. Her mother died at the time of her birth ; 

and her early years were 
/ passed with her Grand- 
mother Cony, at the old 




house on the shore of Broad Cove. In this quiet home, with 
its picturesque surroundings, she early showed her poetic 
instincts ; and when at the age of eight years she returned 
to Spring Farm, with its cultured Christian atmosphere 
within, and external environment of fields and woods and 
outlook upon spreading waters, she was still in constant 
communion with nature. Her education was gained in the 
schools of the town, supplemented by a year's residence and 
study at Providence, R.I. With mental growth came spirit- 
ual development ; and she united herself early with the 

* For the substance of this sketch, the compiler is indebted to Mrs. Mason's 
sisters, Mrs. Emory Lyon, of Providence, R.L, and Mrs. Samuel C. Haskell, of St. 
Paul, Minn. 



454 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Washington Street Baptist Church, the religious home of 
her family. Her father died in 187 1, ripe in years. Her 
own story of watching at his bedside reads : " Now, as in the 
night hours he slumbered and the lamps burned low in that 
sick-chamber, thinking of the childhood home so soon to be 
broken up, and looking forward to the possibilities of life 
for me, I was touched with sympathy for the needs of the 
untaught millions in pagan lands. So there, by that dim 
light, on the leaves of an old book, with prophecy all 
unconscious of my own future, I pencilled this missionary 
hymn : — 

" The sails are set, the anchor weighed, fl 

Our ship goes sailing, sailing ; " 

Come, north wind, from your cloudy caves 
In breezes never failing ! 

" 'Tis break of day, and far astern 
I watch the seaweed drifting ; 
The coming dawn from off the sea 
The shades of night are lifting. 

" O rays of light from out the East, 
Ye bring the voice of wailing ! 
Come, Holy Spirit, breathe on me 
Thy comfort never failing ! 

" To lands far off, for thee, O Christ, 
I go to tell the story; 
Shine thou upon that sea of souls, 
And flood it with thy glory ! 

" The joys I leave are but to me 
As seaweed idly drifting, 
For on that sea of human souls 
I watch the shadows lifting. 

" Ye north winds, blow ! Thou ship, speed on ! 
My hopes with thee are sailing. 
O Holy Spirit, breathe on me 
Thy comfort never failing ! 



CLARA ARTHUR MASON 455 

" So shall my heart for work so great 
Be strong in its endeavor, 
Until my soul, above its fears, 
Is lifted up forever." 

The next two years Miss Stevens spent with her sister at 
Newton Centre, Mass. Here, with many of the old home 
furnishings about her, she studied and wrote. The merit of 
her verses was quickly recognized by editors, through whose 
substantial appreciation nearly all of her short pieces were 
published in Boston and New York periodicals. By and 
by came fulfilment of the prophecy of her midnight vigils ; 
and in June, 1873, she was married, at her brother's home 
in Boston, to Rev. James Hope Arthur, appointed mission- 
ary to Japan by the Baptist Missionary Union. Mr. Arthur 
was a recent graduate of Brown University and Newton 
Theological School. In the War of the Rebellion, he had 
enlisted in the Seventh Connecticut Regiment, w^as wounded 
while on picket duty, made a prisoner, and detained several 
months in prisons and hospitals, then exchanged, and served 
out the term of his enlistment. Before leaving on their dis- 
tant service, the young missionaries visited Eastport ; and 
this is Mrs. Arthur's description of their good-by to the 
scenes of her youth : — 

After my mother's death, our grandmother's house became the 
home of my childhood. And now, when for me also wedding 
bells had rung, and benediction been given, before entering upon 
a life-work in a foreign land, I came back to say good-by. 

I think of my grandmother's house as I saw it that summer's 
day. I noticed the abundance of the mountain-ash berries, the 
summer wind carrying off the hoary heads of ancient dandelions. 
I remember the tall clock in the corner, with its measured tick; I 
remember the old china in comely array upon the supper-table ; 
I remember my dear grandmother herself, the joy and not the 
sorrow of ninety summers a legend in her face. I said then to 



456 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

myself, " How beautiful she is, and how near heaven ! " To-day 
she sleeps beside her husband and beside my mother, under the 
pines of the island cemetery ; but I think of my grandmother always 
as she looked that day. I left her that summer afternoon, and went 
back along the country road, with its border of elder-trees, and 
down through the streets of the busy town. We heard the shrill 
whistle of the steamer at the wharf. It was the signal for belated 
passengers. There was a general retreat of newspaper boys. 
We went on board the steamer, the paddles moved, and we were 
en route for Japan, via Boston, Chicago, and San Francisco. 

The story of the arrival of the missionaries at Yokohama 
in October and the experiences of their life and labors there 
are pleasantly related in her second book, " Etchings from 
Two Lands." It tells of the formation of the first Baptist 
church of Tokio, of their summer in the mountains, house- 
keeping in the city, and of the coming of little Jamie, whom 
the Japanese called " Kawai baby san," meaning " Beautiful 
Mr. Baby," " Mr." bein^ used alike for men, women, and 
children in that country. 

In the fourth year, Mr. Arthur's health began to fail ; and 
the family made the return voyage, and spent the summer 
and autumn in California. But the change of climate did 
not bring the relief hoped for, and he died at Oakland on 
the 9th of December, 1877 ; and their infant son, Russell, 
lived but three weeks later. Mrs. Arthur and Jamie then 
returned to Massachusetts ; and, when the strain of her 
recent bereavements permitted, she resumed her literary 
work. She took a course of theological study at the Newton 
Seminary, and visited the churches extensively, both East 
and West, seeking to arouse enthusiasm in the cause of mis- 
sions. In 188 1, her volume of poems was published by 
Messrs. D. Lothrop & Co., taking its title — " Cherry Blooms 
of Yeddo " — from the longest poem in the book. The 
themes of her earlier poems were taken from the scenery of 



CLARA ARTHUR MASON 457 

the home of her childhood and vicinity ; and two of these, 
" My Grandmother's House " and " Friar's Head," are in- 
serted here. Her later poems largely relate to her mission- 
ary experiences, and reveal the current of her thought in 
taking up her chosen life-work and meeting its trials and 
responsibilities, and afford tender and touching glimpses of 
her inner life. 

In 1883, Mrs. Arthur became acquainted with Rev. Mar- 
cus C. Mason, a graduate of Madison University and Ham- 
ilton Theological Seminary, who was in this country for rest, 
his mission being at Tura, Garo Hills, Assam. Mr. Mason's 
personal worth and the pressing call of the heathen inspired 
her to a fresh consecration, and she went forth again 
into foreign life as a missionary's wife. Mr. and Mrs. 
Mason sailed from New York Sept. 6, 1884, for Liverpool, 
where they embarked for Bombay, and thence on to Cal- 
cutta, where they took a steamboat and ascended the Brah- 
mapootra River about two hundred miles, whence their jour- 
ney was across the country and up to Tura. Mrs. Mason 
had been but nine days in her new home when she was 
attacked with the fever of the country, which terminated 
fatally December 9. She was laid at rest in the English 
cemetery in Tura, the British officers, with international 
courtesy, offering this spot for her grave. Here in this far- 
away " God's acre," enclosed by a thick, closely cut English 
hedge, the turf is green and fair, and English flowers bloom ; 
while the Spanish bayonet plant guards the entrance to this 
sacred spot, hallowed by the last repose of this gentle and 
gifted daughter of our frontier island. 

In 1886, Mrs. Mason's prose work, " Etchings from Two 
Lands," was issued by Messrs. D. Lothrop & Co., the pub- 
lishers of her earlier volume of poetry. This volume, which 
was left in manuscript at the time of her departure, was con- 
sidered of special value by the author, as giving the history 



458 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

of the first Christian church located in the very midst of the 
heathen population of the great city of Tokio ; and, on 
account of its merits of style and narrative, it is a fitting 
companion for the earlier volume, both illustrating the au- 
thor's versatile gifts most effectively. 



MY GRANDMOTHER'S HOUSE. 

Euilt years ago, large, quaint, and square, 
Things old-fashioned everywhere ; 
Grandmother's house, were you ever there ? 

In quest of a place on a summer's day. 

When they went to build, did they lose their way. 

Among daisies and buttercups go astray ? 

Lose their way and say to each, 

" We will put it here by the rocky beach, 

Just from the waters out of reach ? " 

And so they built it ; large and square, 
Cosey corners here and there. 
Old-fashioned wonders everywhere. 

Unlooked for nooks on every side, 
Queer old places where one might hide, 
Grandmother's house, our childish pride. 

Old-fashioned dishes, fit for elves. 
Stowed away on closet shelves ; 
Unmatched platters by themselves. 

Curious china, quaint and old. 
Thirteen stars in blue and gold 
Two gilt doves in circle hold. 




CONY HUU.se, broad COVE. 

" My grandmother's house, were you ever there .^■' 



460 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

On topmost shelf, without a mate, 
All alone there stands a plate, 
Relic of an ancient date. 

Oft have I turned from dainties spread, 
Forgot my slice of wheaten bread. 
To con that pictured plate instead. 

Its full rigged ships of deepest blue, 
The seas unruffled sailing through, 
Towards a distant landscape view. 

Flying pennants at mast-head each, 
Ships that sail, but never reach 
The bluish pebbles on the beach. 

In its red case, standing tall. 
Ticks the clock against the wall, 
Its benediction on us all. 

On braided mat in a cosey chair, 
The glory of the house is there. 
Time's gathered snow upon her hair. 

The story of her life is told ; 

She is drifting away in the mist and the gold 

Of a life beyond that never grows old. 

Drifting away, and out of sight. 
Into the glory of a greater light, 
Into a day that hath no night. 

And in all the world there never will be 
Among daisies and buttercups down by the sea 
A house old-fashioned, like this, for me. 



FRIAR S HEAD, CAMPOBELLO 



461 



•long; ""^ Jh'-^'^' 

•Tf^e-t/de-cvay - ^ouifi} t^^e- breeze- ooaj-,;^// 

•^tro]^; _ g'^ 

•To-Tr/ar-J'-IIeaG ; cuiti; • je^t- and- Jong fe 



Ve • ^rnkd^way- 



WMm^--^ 



\ 



We boiled the chowder on the beach, 
A spoon and a bowl were given to each, 
While there stood the pickles just out of reach ; 
And some pla3'ed a tune 
With their bowl and spoon. 




Some doffed their hats to the Friar gray, 
And said, " A penny for your thoughts to-day ! 
You look so wise. Have you nothing to say ? 

Give us a speech 

As we sit on the beach ! " 

Then the old Friar of Friar's Head, 

Standing up in his rocky bed. 

Said, " What to me are pickles and bread t 

For I heed not 

Your chowder hot ! 



" But I am a Friar old and gray. 
And keep my vigils night and day, 
Over the waters of 'Quoddy Bay, 
Standing alone 
In my suit of stone. 



462 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

" I watch the boats that come and go, 
Their sails gleam like the drifts of snow ; 
Hither and thither, to and fro, 

They sail away 

Over the bay. 

" Ships in harbor at anchor ride. 

Boats that smuggle softly glide, 

Drifting slowly with the tide ; 
I see them creep 
Through shadows deep. 

" On summer nights I see you float, 
Ladies gay, in your pleasure boat. 
Till far away you seem but a mote 

The shadows among, 

Drifting along. 

" To the homes that stand in the twilight gray. 
To the hearts whose hopes have been all day 
With you, as you sailed out over the bay, 

Out of my sight 

You go in the night. 

"But who is the boatman to guide you through 
The fogs of the world, which hide from view 
That other home which is waiting for you, 

Out of your sight. 

Beyond the night ? 

" No home awaits the Friar old. 
I stand in the winter's bitter cold, 
Wrapped in the sea-fog's briny fold. 

Winds of the sea 

My litany ! 

" I am rocky and stony, old and grim, 
Standing here on the water's rim. 
While the years go by to the ages dim. 

Watching still 

Under the hill." 



friar's head, campobello 463 

Much we wondered ; for so it would seem 
That the smoking coffee and chowder's steam 
Had wakened the Friar out of his dream. 

What else could unlock 

The heart of a rock ? 

So we made the Friar a buttercup crown, 
And we left him there in his rockweed gown, 
While the fog came in when the sun went down. 

And we sailed for the light 

Through the fog and the night. 



CHAPTER XVI. 

EASTPORT LIGHT INFANTRY. 

The older generation of readers will remember the time 
when military service was required of all citizens between 
the ages of eighteen and thirty-five, with some special excep- 
tions, and when every town had at least one organized mili- 
tary company. On training and muster days, bands of 
sturd}^, vigorous men would turn out in ordinary dress, bear- 
ing arms of various makes of the old flint-lock type, the 
officers alone making pretence of wearing uniforms. There 
were, however, usually connected with each regiment one or 
more independent companies, appropriately uniformed, and 
more or less skilled in military drill and manoeuvres. East- 
port had two such companies. The oldest was the Eastport 
Washington Artillery, of which William Hills appears to 
have been the first commander, and his successors, Ethel 
Olmstead, John Swett, Gideon Stetson, Andrew R. Bradford, 
Benjamin Snow, Peter Whelpley, and Jabez T. Pike. The 
last is still living in California, and a number of the old rank 
and file are among our best citizens ; but it is not learned 
that any of the company's records are in existence. 

Of the other independent company, the Eastport Light 
Infantry, Captain (afterward major) Samuel Witherell, Cap- 
tain George A. Peabody, Lieutenant (afterward colonel) 
Hiram S. Favor, and Lieutenant Simon Stevens, with a 
goodly number of their comrades in arms, are still in active 
life ; and to the careful custody of Lieutenant Stevens we 



EASTPORT LIGHT INFANTRY 465 

are indebted for the preservation of the earlier records of 

the company, some of those of later date having been lost 

in the fire of "thirty-nine." During the thirty years of its 

existence between 1812 and 1842, many of the influential 

men of the town were enrolled in its ranks ; and a sketch of 

the history of the company, as gathered from these records, 

may be of interest to the survivors, descendants, and others 

connected with Eastport by birth or residence. There are 

three record books, besides some company rolls ; and one of 

the former, bound in old-fashioned white parchment, contains 

copies of general orders. The following is the first entry in 

this book : — 

General Order. 

COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS, \ 
HEADQUARTERS P,OSTON JAX'V 25, l8l2. j 

The Commander-in-Chief having taken the advice of the Council 
upon the petition of Lemuel Crackbone and others of the town of 
Eastport, praying for the establishment of a Light Infantry Com- 
pany, thereupon orders that Lemuel Crackbone and others the 
said petitioners, together with those who may associate with them, 
by voluntary enlistment within the limits of the third Regiment in 
the Second Brigade of the tenth Division be formed into a Light 
Infantry company, and that the same be annexed to the said 
J^egiment. 

By order of the Commander-in-Chief 

W^L Denxisox, 

Adjutant-General. 

At that time. Brigadier-general John Brewer was com- 
mander of the Second Brigade ; and Jonathan Bartlett, of 
Eastport, was brigade major. In those years, the little vil- 
lage of Robbinston was the military head-quarters of the 
frontier, being the home of General John Brewer, General 
John Balkam, Colonel Thomas Vose, Jr., and Major Job 
Johnson. At that time, regiments were organized under 
command of a lieutenant-colonel, with two majors. Oliver 



466 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Shead, of Eastport, was lieutenant-colonel, and Joseph Whit- 
ney, of Calais, and John Balkam, of Robbinston, majors of 
the Third Regiment, which consisted of one company of in- 
fantry from Eastport, Captain J. N. Peavy, Captain Jairus 
Keene's company from Calais, Captain Reynolds's Lubec 
company, one from Robbinston, commanded by Captain 
Thomas Vose, Jr., and the Dennysville company. Of which 
at the time Ensign Bela Wilder was the only commissioned 
officer. Afterward, P^>benezer C. Wilder was chosen cap- 
tain, and Daniel Kilby ensign. To this regiment, the new 
light infantry company was joined. In the brigade was 
a battalion of artillery under command of Major Samuel 
Wheeler, of Eastport, which consisted of the companies of 
Captain M. J. Talbot, of Machias, and Captain William 
Hills, of Eastport, the latter mustering with the Third 
Regiment. 

By order of Colonel Shead, the following petitioners — 
Mr. Lemuel Crackbone, John Buck, Samuel Hall, Thomas 
Green, Thomas Treadwell, Alanson T. Rice, Stephen Hatch, 
Henry Taylor, John Wood, Philip T. Bell, Amos Fowler, 
Seth Blanchard, Job K. Bennett, Henry Poet, George Street, 
Jeremiah Chase, Noah Fifield, Ethel Olmstead, George 
Hobbs, Samuel B. Wadsworth, Robert Newcomb, John Bas- 
tow, Charles Peavey, Thomas H. Woodward — were notified, 
and warned to meet in front of the Gun House on the 23d 
of May, at 4 p.m., to choose officers. On that occasion, 
Seward Bucknam was chosen captain, Isaac Lakeman lieu- 
tenant, and Lemuel Crackbone ensign. The latter declined 
to accept the position, and soon after moved to Boston, 
where for many years he was agent for the Eastport line of 
packets, and had intimate business connections with our mer- 
chants. Thomas H. Woodward was chosen to fill the va- 
cancy, and he seems not to have served long; and William 
Frost became ensign in 18 13. Abijah Gregory, Samuel B, 



EASTPORl LICH'l- INFANIRY 467 

Wadsworth, Nathaniel F. Fosdick, and Lewis Putnam were 
chosen sergeants. It was also voted to adopt the following 
uniform : blue short coat faced with red and trimmed with 
binding; white kerseymere pantaloons, trimmed with red; 
vests bound with red cord ; black gaiters, trimmed with red ; 
cartridge boxes, with red belts to clasp round the body ; caps 
and guns to be left to the discretion of the committee. 

In general orders of June 27, 1812, Colonel Shead requests 
" the oflficers of the several companies to exert themselves in 
having good music, the Government having furnished each 
company with a drum and fife, no doubt some persons can 
be bought to beat the drum and play the fife, and hopes at 
the fall inspection the 3d Regiment will in music and every 
other martial and military evolution equal the 2d Regiment." 
The brigadier-general had praised the accomplishment of the 
Second Regiment, which had its head-quarters at Machias. 
Immediately after this came tidings of the declaration of war 
against Fngland, on the eighteenth day of June, 1812 ; and 
the general orders show various steps of preparation for the 
defence of the frontier. One from General Brewer, dated 
at Robbinston, June 28, directs the commanding officer of 
the Kastport Light Infantry to consult with the committee of 
public safety for the town of Eastport on the most proper 
disposal of his company for the purpose of defending the 
town. 

Another book contains company records, and gives reports 
of meetings for various purposes of organization, voting in 
new members, and drill held at Mrs. Young's and John 
Wood's inns; and the accounts of the company in the same 
book show considerable sums paid for liquors, and in those 
days it would have been much the same, had it been the 
assembling of an association for building a meeting-hou&e. 
N. F. Fosdick was clerk of the company, and the records 
show his clear chirography. Here is a sad item : "This day 



468 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

Lieut. Isaac Lakeman who departed this Hfe April 27th 18 14, 
was buried with military honors under command of Ensign - 
William Frost " ; and two pages further on appears another 
entry which it must have been still harder for a soldier to 
make, — 

Moose Island captured by the English' this day July iith 1814, 
and the Eastport Light Infantry Company commanded by Ensign 
W. Frost was under the disagreeable necessity of delivering up 
their arms. 

But Orderly Sergeant Fosdick carefully puts away his book 
and bides his time, and four years later was able to make 
immediately below on the same page the following jubilant 
report : — 

June 30th 1818, this day Moose Island was surrendered by 
Capt. R. Gibbons of his Majesty's 98th Regiment, agreeable to 
the 4th article of the Treaty of Ghent, to Brig. Gen. Miller on the 
part of the United States, and Col. Henry Sargent on the part of 
this State. The American flag was hoisted this morning^ at 6 
o'clock, which was greeted by the inhabitants with six hearty 
cheers ! 

With the resumption of the authority of the United States, 
a new era of prosperity for the town set in ; and, with the 
fresh impetus given to business, social, and religious interests, 
the military organizations were not forgotten. A meeting 
of the remaining members of the Light Infantry was called 
on the 3d of August, 18 18, at which N. F. Fosdick was chosen 
chairman and Samuel B. Wadsworth secretary. By death 
and removal from town, they had been left without commis- 
sioned officers ; and it was voted that the chairman be re- 
quested " to write to Col. John Balkam for orders to call the 
company together for choice of officers, and that he be desired 
to assist in securing our former establishment." A large 



EASTPORT LIC.HT INFAN'IRY 469 

number of new members were voted in. Colonel Balkam 
issued an order to Sergeant Fosdick to convene the company 
under his command for choice of officers, and the following 
were elected : Captain Seward Bucknam, Lieutenant Leonard 
Pierce, Ensign Isaac Hobbs, Jr. Captain Bucknam declined; 
and at a later meeting a committee, Consisting of Leonard 
Pierce, Isaac Hobbs, Jr., Thomas Child, Jonathan Buck, and 
William Delesdernier, were appointed to select a candidate for 
commanding officer. They proposed the name of I. R. Chad 
bourne, and he was chosen. Thomas Child, Robert Tetherly, 
and Samuel Whitcomb were chosen to fill the vacancies as 
sergeants. Later, the following uniform was decided upon : 
short blue coat, single-breasted, and standing collar, with 
four buttons on same, three rows of buttons in front, pocket- 
flaps with four buttons, buttons to be stamped with the arms 
of Massachusetts, a lace diamond on each fold ; round hat 
with cockade, and small eagle ; black silk handkerchief over 
white waistcoat, with white dowlas pantaloons. The uniform 
appears to have been made by Starboard &: Rice. A pattern 
of hat from Portland not being satisfactory, it was decided 
to have them made at home; and it was then voted "that 
every member leave the size of his head with Jonas Gleason 
to-morrow if practicable." The company meetings were held 
at Captain Swett's, Mr. Bates's, or Mrs. Mitchel's taverns ; 
and the place of drill was at Hathaway's store. Oct. 21, 
18 19, they met to fire at a target, and it is recorded that Mr. 
Samuel White proved to be the best marksman ; and in the 
evening the company partook of a supper prepared by Mr. 
Stephen Jones. At this time Benjamin King, a former mem- 
ber of the company, was chosen lieutenant-colonel of the 
regiment. Oct. 11, 1819, Private Elijah D. Green asked his 
discharge from the company, which was granted ; and he 
afterward became colonel of the regiment. 

In March, 1820, Captain Chadbourne resigned to accept 



47 O EASTPORT AND PASSAM AQUODDY 

the position of division inspector on the staff of Major-gen- 
eral Herrick, and Ensign Hobbs resigned soon after. Then 
Leonard Pierce was chosen captain, N. F. Fosdick lieutenant, 
and Thomas Child ensign. Sept. 14, 1820, the Eastport 
bridge connecting the island with the mainland was opened 
with great rejoicings ; and a procession, under the escort of 
the Artillery and Light Infantry under command of Captain 
Leonard Pierce, performed the inauguration ceremony by 
marching across and returning with flags and music. The 
Light Infantry performed escort duty regularly at the annual 
Fourth of July celebrations. April 3, 182 1, Theodore Lin- 
coln, Jr., writes from Dennysville, asking discharge on ac- 
count of the inconvenience of doing duty while living so far 
away. 

in 1822 another uniformed company was added to the regi- 
ment by the organization of the Lubec Rifle Corps under the 
command of Captain Life Smith. After the setting off of 
Maine as an independent State, the militia organization was 
but little changed, except in the numbers of the divisions, 
the eastern, formerly the tenth, becoming the third division. 
Some time later, when a new regiment had been formed, tak- 
ing away the companies of the towns north of Perry, Eastport 
became the head-quarters of the Third Regiment, First Brig- 
ade, Seventh Division of the Militia of Maine. On the 4th 
of July^ 1824, the company was presented with an elegant 
standard by Seward Bucknam, Esq., its first commander, with 
a brief address, which was responded to by Ensign O. S. 
Livermore, who accepted it in behalf of the company. In 
August, 1826, the company, under the command of Lieutenant 
Livermore, went to Lubec to perform escort duty at the funeral 
of Major Lemuel Trescott, a Revolutionary veteran, who had 
served under Lafayette, and held prominent public positions 
in later years. The following is a complete roll of the com- 
pany Sept. 9, 1824: — 



EASTPORT LIGHT INFANTRY 47 I 

Captain, Nathaniel F. Fosdick ; lieutenant, John L. Bow- 
man ; ensign, Oliver S. Livermore ; sergeants, John Shaw, 
Joseph Gunnison, Benjamin Kilby, John Hinckley; musi- 
cians, Reuben Knox, John Mason. Rank and file, Benja- 
min Folsom, Philip T. Bell, Alexander Todd, Joshua Hinkley, 
Barney Allen, Fben Adams, Stephen Boardman, Owen Hink- 
ley, Benjamin Bell, Thomas Bibber, William Eustis, George 
Hobbs, Thomas Rogers, John Sawyer, John Rice, Eben Star- 
board, Samuel L. Fernald, Neal D. Shaw, Solomon Rice, 
Humphrey Peavey, James G. Kimball, William W. Chapman, 
Willard Child, Charles S. Page, Horatio D. Balch, Frederick 
Hobbs, Leonard Shaw, Jacob Turner, Thomas Burrill, James 
E. Hatheway, John Snow, Francis W. Poland, John Y. Jones, 
James H. Olmstead, Thomas A. Brewer, Samuel Witherell, 
A. L. Field, Franklin Burgin, John Burgin, Jr., Gilbert Foster. 

At a period rather more than half a century ago, the mili- 
tia system of the country may be said to have been at its 
best, though the causes which led to its dissolution were 
already at work. Military service was then a public duty, 
from which only seafaring people and some other less numer- 
ous classes were exempt. The State made no remuneration 
for time or expenses, except a trifling allowance on muster 
days, when the selectmen of the several towns were required 
to pay their soldiers fifty cents each in lieu of rations. I well 
remember seeing Mr. William M. Brooks, chairman of the 
board of selectmen of Eastport, accompanied by the town 
treasurer, passing along the ranks, and handing to each sol- 
dier his silver coin, with the same pleasant courtesy of man- 
ner which he still retains in his ninety-fifth year. He is a 
real veteran militia man, not only because he stood guard at 
night in i8i2 in his native Salem, when the alarm came that 
the British were landing at Marblehead, but also for his ser- 
vice as ensign of the Lubec militia, which, when he was 
chosen to that rank seventy years ago while in business 



472 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

there, when Eastport was still held under British martial law^ 
was a sturdy corps, one hundred and twenty strong, under 
command of Captain William Phelps, with Charles Lowell as 
lieutenant. 

General muster fifty years ago was a notable annual event ; 
and, when the citizen soldiery of the Passamaquoddy towns 
were brought together at Eastport in the fall, the regimental 
line was formed on High Street, and then started on its 
march through town and out to the muster field near Prince 
Regent's Redoubt. At the front appeared the Eastport 
Artillery, with its lines stretched out by heavy horse teams, 
drawing their brass cannon and tumbrels. Next followed the 
Light Infantry, conspicuous for brilliant uniform and good 
marching. The ununiformed militia of Eastport, Lubec, 
Perry, Pembroke, Dennysville, Edmands, Whiting, and Tres- 
cott came after, in the order of the seniority of their com- 
manding officers ; and the Lubec Rifles, in their neat dress, 
closed up the rear. The standards of the independent com- 
panies waved above their ranks, and the two white regi- 
mental flags were borne by color-sergeants at the centre. 
The drums and fifes of the several companies were massed 
together, and screeched, rattled, and boomed certain marches 
and tunes always associated with muster days; and to the 
boy of the period, as well as to some of larger growth, the 
spectacle was both an interesting and imposing one. 

But, as has been suggested, causes were already at work 
which put an end, not only to the old general muster day, 
but also to the militia system of which it was a part. The 
country had long been at peace. There was a prevalent 
unbelief in the necessity of preparation for war, or at any rate 
a doubt about the efficiency of this kind of preparation ; and 
some good people even went so far as to advocate principles 
of non-resistance. The commissions in the ununiformed 
town companies, which had heretofore been worthy objects 



EASTPORT T.IGHT INFANTRY 



473 



of ambition, were now in some cases filled in a way to cast 
ridicule on the service. People began to look upon require- 
ments for military service as an unnecessary burden, and 
brought about the weakening and repeal of the laws compel- 
ling it ; and the end soon came. One muster day at Kast- 
port, no regimental officer being present, the senior captain, 
Benjamin Hobart, of Edmands, took command ; and, when 
in September, 1842, Colonel Favor summoned his regiment 
to appear at muster at Pembroke, the Light Infantry was rep- 
resented by an ununiformed squad, and the Lubec RiHes by 
a single officer, and that was the end. 

The records of the Light Infantry from 1829 to 1839 ^^ere 
destroyed in the great fire of the latter year; but, in a new 
book opened afterward. Captain Peabody transcribed the by- 
laws of the company and the enrolment of members after 
1829 as gathered from other sources. The following is a 
copy of the list, including subsequent enlistments : — 



Joseph Lurnham, 
George W. Folsom, 
Chas. H. Hayden, 
Nelson Harrington, 
Simeon Higgins, 
Josiah Shaw, 
Seward C. Bucknam, 
John Capen, 
Samuel B. Wheeler, 
Henry Prince, 
Charles Stevens, 
Andrew Tucker, Jr., 
Charles H. Hayden, 2d, 
Samuel M. Cony, 
Benj. F. Bucknam, 
William H. Shaw, 
Francis M. Sabine, 
DeWolf Bartlett, 



Jeremiah B. Lovelt, 
John Bent, 
Thomas Coleman, 
Hiram S. Favor, 
Jacob Gutterson, 
John Burgin, Jr., 
L. F. Delesdernicr, 
Wm. N. Weston, 
Wm. I). Bartlett, 
Wm. A. Sabine, 
John S. Pearce, 
Smith Tinkham, 
C. W. Hume, 
Jesse G. iMerriam, 
Frederick Bell, 
J. C. Shaw, 
John Norton, Jr., 
Peter Gilligan, 



474 



EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 



Francis H. Drew, 
Seward B. Hume, 
Stephen F. Gale, 
Wm. P. Bucknam, 
Reed Bartlett, 
Wm. F. Stetson, 
Chas. Brooks, Jr., 
Simon Stevens, 
Amos T. Seaman, 
David Hatch, 
Daniel I. Odell, 
Wm. B. Warriner, 
J. C. Dana, 
Thomas Oaks, 
Wm. McCutcheon, 
James Thompson, 
Thos. W. Gardner, 
Leonard Brooks, 
David Rome, 
Charles H. Baker, 
Wm. S. Spencer, 
Geo. A. Peabody, 
William H. Kilby, 
Samuel Shackford, 
John Regan, 



Stephen Johnson, 
Benj. A. Pettingall, 
Henry A. Pettingall, 
Robert Mowe, Jr., 
Henry B. Williams, 
Seth B. Mitchell, 
W. H. Gage, 
N. J. Deering, 
Robert Henry, 
Luther L. Potter, 
Thomas Burnham, 
Daniel P. Coffin, 
Samuel R. Byram, 
Andrew Mullineaux, 
Joseph Y. Burgin, 
George Norton, 
Gleason Appleby, 
Isaiah C. Lowe, 
Oliver Paine, 
Isaac Wilder, 
John McGregor, 
John Van Buren, 
Henry E. Bates, 
Aaron Hayden, Jr., 
Henry B. Waide. 



f 



The captains in this period were O. S. Livermore, Samuel 
Witherell, and George A. Peabody; and the subalterns, John 
Shaw (afterward lieutenant-colonel), John Hinkley, Theodore 
Cutts, Joseph S. Cony, Ellas Merrill, Hiram S. Favor, 
Charles Stevens, and Simon Stevens. 

The last uniform was one which had been worn by the 
Boston Light Infantry, with heavy leathern caps and tall, 
white plumes, tipped with red. The company's flag was 
a fine one of white silk, painted by Codman, of Portland, 
showing in the foreground a young soldier in the uniform of 



EASTPOR'l' Lir.HT INFANTRY 



475 



the corps, with an encampment in a fine landscajje in tlie 
background, and the motto, " Remember what your fathers 
were, conquerors." Prior to the erection of Trescott Hall, 
where the company afterward met for drill and parade, the 
grounds near the Unitarian meeting-house, where the parson- 
age now stands, were used for that purpose, and the entry 
of that church for a refuge in case of foul weather. 

In 183 1, the company marched out to Gleason's Point in 
Perry, and set up their tents for an encampment, but were 
favored with a drenching rain, which spoiled the enjoyment. 
When Governor Kent visited Kastport in 1838, the company 
turned out, and honored him with a salute. When the State 
was mustering its forces in the Aroostook War, the Light 
Infantry volunteered its services, but were not called upon. 
The company performed escort duty when memorial services 
were held at Eastport after the death of President Harrison. 
The company was now feeling the general decline of interest 
in military matters; and, though numbers of young men 
were voted in as members, none joined. At a meeting Jan. 
4, 1842, it was voted that James Thompson and W. H. Kilby 
be a committee to solicit persons to become members of the 
company ; and, three months later, Mr. Thompson reported 
an entire failure. The last action recorded was a vote to 
let the bass drum to the Orphean Band at twelve and a half 
cents a night, and in 1843 the company dissolved. 



CHAPTER XVII. 



A BORDER RAID. 



In the summer of 1824, the British armed sloop " Dot- 
terel " made a good deal of disturbance among the American 
fishermen in the Bay of Fundy ; and one notable incident 
connected with her movements is worthy of being related, 
as illustrating a phase of frontier life at that time. 

On the 26th of July, 1824, two Lubec schooners, the 
" Ruby " and the " Reindeer," were seized by the *' Dotterel " 
at Two Island Harbor, Grand Manan. Their masters were 
held, and the crews put on board schooners " Friend " and 
" Diligence," and sent homeward. The two latter, sailing up 
through the Narrows, were soon at Lubec. Then, knowing 
that the captured vessels were on their way to St. Andrews, 
lightly manned, and were coming in by Head Harbor, quite 
near Eastport, the old crews proposed to get re-enforcements, 
and go out and retake them. As the " Friend " had got 
aground, and no time could be lost, the schooner '* Madison " 
was substituted in her place ; and, a leader being wanted 
for the impromptu expedition, a boat was sent on shore at 
Eastport, and one found at short notice in the person of 
William A. Howard, a clerk with the firm of Green & Shaw, 
Union Wharf, — a dare-devil young fellow, hardly out of his 
teens. One * who happened to be on the wharf at the time, 
and looked on with boyish wonder and admiration as How- 
ard came out of the store and took his seat at the stern of 
the boat to be rowed off to join in the fray, describes him as 

* Captain Simon H. Pike, of Lubec. 



A BORDER RAID 



477 



arrayed in a round blue jacket, with a crimson sash about his 
waist, and pistols shoved in on either side, looking like an 
ideal sea-fighter. 

The following extracts from documents presented to Con- 
gress Feb. 1 8, 1825, will give the details of the story as re- 
ported from both sides. Plrst comes a letter from Mr. 
Addington, the British minister, to John Quincy Adams, 
Secretary of State, dated Washington, Oct. 5, 1824, in which, 
after referring to other matters, he writes : — 

By a perusal of the inclosed documents you will perceive that, 
after the detention of the Reindeer and Ruby by the master of 
Dotterel, and while on their way to St. Andrews, an attack was 
made on the vessels by two schooners and an open boat, mider 
Ainerica7i colors^ full of armed tnen, with ?nuskets and fixed bay- 
onets, amounting to about one hundred, headed by Mr. Howard, of 
Eastport, who is said to be a captain in the United States militia, 
in consequence of which the master thought it most prudent to 
surrender to such superior force. 

This, sir, is an outrage of such a nature as to leave me no other 
alternative than to make a formal demand from the American 
Government for the infliction of punishment on the offenders. 

The accompanying documents consisted of a letter from 
Rear-Admiral W. T. Lake, dated at Halifax, forwarding 
another from Richard Hoare, commander of the " Dotterel," 
also enclosing the following : — 

His Majesty's Si. oof, Dotterhl's Boat. 
St. Andrew's, N.B., July 27, 1824. 
Sir : 

I beg leave to represent that on the 25 Inst., when cruising in 
the yawl, in pursuance of your orders, off the Grand Menan for 
the protection of our fisheries, I received information of several 
American fishing vessels being at anchor at Two Island Harbor, 
and that two of them, namely. Reindeer and Ruby, of Lubec, 
were at White Island Harbor on the 24th, where they got their 



I 



478 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

wood and water, and that, on their anchoring, they fired their 
muskets, and told the inhabitants they were armed, and would not 
allow any man-of-war's boat to board them : and after they had 
their supplies they shifted to Two Island Harbor, Grand Menan. 

I made sail from Gull Cove, and at daylight, the 26, observed 
four schooners at anchor at Two Island harbor, which vessels got 
under way on our appearing: when I got close to three of them 
they lashed along-side of each other, and all hands, about thirty 
in number, went on board the middle one with their fire-arms and 
fish-spears. I desired them to separate, which they refused to do 
until I threatened to fire on them. On boarding, they proved to 
be the Reindeer, master's name Small, and Ruby, master's name 
Small, (brothers,) of Lubec, two fishing vessels, and Friend's shal- 
lop of the same place. 

It being fine weather, and they not being in want of food or 
water, I detained the Reindeer and Ruby, and put their crews,.with 
the exception of their masters, on board the two American schoon- 
ers, with provisions, for a passage to Lubec, and made sail in the 
Reindeer and Ruby for St. Andrew's through East Ouoddy. About 
6, P.M., when abreast of Harbor de Lute, I observed two schooners 
and an open boat, full of armed men, muskets and fixed bayonets, 
hoisting American colors; one of them went along-side Mr. Town- 
can, in the Ruby, boarded and took the arms from him and his 
three men; the one abreast of me was kept o£E for about a quarter 
of an hour, when they commenced firing into us. Though with 
great reluctance, I thought it most prudent to surrender to such 
superior force, having but four men, one musket and three cut- 
lasses. On delivering them up, I found there were in the schoon- 
ers about a hundred armed men, including the crews of the 
schooners, about thirty in number, the rest having the appearance 
of militia men, and headed by a Mr. Howard, of Eastport, said to 
be a captain in the United States Militia. 

I have the honor to be, etc., 

John Jones, Master. 

On receipt of these papers, Ether Shepley, the United 
States district attorney for Maine, appears to have been sent 



A bordp:r raid 479 

to Eastport and Lubec, to collect evidence in relation to this 
and other matters connected with seizures made by the 
"Dotterel"; and the following statements accompany his 
report : — 

I, Robert Small, master of the schooner Reindeer, of Lubec. on 
oath testify and say that ; it is my practise, fitting out for the fish- 
eries, to fill the barrels which I use for oil barrels with water, and, 
as I use the water and empty the barrels, to fill them with oil. I 
purchased the barrels while fitting out this cruise, and did not see 
them till after filled ; there were eight filled with water. We left 
the harbor the twenty-sixth day of July, and proceeded on the 
fishing ground near Grand Manan Bank; continued to fish two or 
three days, and then discovered that the water in six of my barrels 
was salt, so that I could not use it, the barrels having been used 
for salting beef and pork. Finding my water all bad and expended, 
ran into Two Island harbor for water, and went on shore and ob- 
tained my water ; laid there till the next morning, becalmed : then 
made sail for the banks: got out about a mile and a half or two 
miles, and the wind died away and left me becalmed again ; soon 
discovered the barge of the British armed brig Dotterel, the Ruby, 
the Friend, and boat Diligence, lying in the same harbor, and near 
me ; the barge came up and fired ; ordered the anchor to be 
dropped, which was done ; the master of the barge then ordered 
us to part — the Ruby and Reindeer being connected with a small 
line — which was obeyed ; the vessels parted ; he then ordered 
the Ruby to drop her anchor, which was done; he then came 
on board our vessel, the Reindeer, in a great rage ; he demanded 
the papers which was given him; they then threatened to carve 
us up like a turkey or a piece of beef, brandishing their cutlasses 
about our heads ; took the crew all out and put them on board the 
schooner Friend : then took out the crew of the Ruby and put 
them on board the schooner Diligence, and ordered the Friend 
and Diligence off; told them to go off and about their business; 
they got the Reindeer under way, bound for St, Andrews, and or- 
dered the Ruby to follow; passing up a little past Harbor de Lute, 
two other vessels hove down us ; one, the schooner Madison, come 
down upon the Reindeer, there being about twenty men on her 



480 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

deck with muskets, but no bayonets upon them ; Jones, the master 
of the barge, being on board the Reindeer, ordered all hands and 
directed them to fire into the Madison; I then said to him, if you 
fire into that vessel, every man of you will be shot: he said, I be- 
lieve it ; he then said, what do they want, and who are they ? I 
said to him, they are my neighbors; they want this vessel, and 
they will have her ; he then laid down his sw^ord and said, I sur- 
render, unlocked his trunk, took out the papers of my vessel and 
the Ruby and gave them to me ; Skipper Coggins then invited him 
on board the Madison ; and upon my assuring him that he might 
go with perfect safety, he went on board, drank with us, went on 
his barge, and went off; the Reindeer and Ruby then went home ; 
the vessel has been laid up since, as I did not dare to let her go 
out; and the crew has been upon charges also, the injury to the 
owner and crew has been fifteen hundred dollars. I was in no 
other British harbor, except in the night in a heavy blow and went 
out again before morning. I saw no person ; was not on shore ; 
never fired any musket on the island, nor did I ever state that I 
was armed or intended to resist ; had only one old musket on 
board ; fishermen always carry one or two ; the crews of the ves- 
sels Reindeer, Ruby, and Diligence, were not on board the middle 
one or any one of the vessel, nor was there any show of fire-arms 
or fish spears on board of either vessels ; they were not lashed 
together for resistence. This is not only a common practise, but 
is necessary in this bay, where the tide is very strong and runs in 
different directions. There was not a gun fired into the Reindeer 
or at her while in Jones possession, nor was there a gun fired at 
her till Mr. Jones had gone on board the Madison, and then only 
as an expression of joy, nor was there any gun fired at the Ruby, 
nor did the Diligence or any person on board of her demand or 
take any arms from those on board the Ruby, when she was taken 
from them, and it was brought to them ; this was after the Ruby 
had been surrendered. I have not fished any within five to six 
miles of the land this year. There is no fishing ground nearer the 
shore, nor any object in going near shore, except for wood and 
water. 

Robert Small. 
Sworn before — Ether Shepley. 

November 5, 1824. 



A BORDER RAID 481 

Elisha Small, master of the "Ruby," testifies : — 

He took out the crews and put my crew on board the Diligence, 
and the Reindeer's crew on board the Friend, and told the Friend 
and Diligence they might go; put a midshipman and three men 
on board the Ruby, and directed them to follow him to St. An- 
drews, he being on board the Reindeer. 

We beat up round East Quoddy, and got up opposite Indian 
Island, when the Diligence and Madison came upon us. The Dili- 
gence came upon the Ruby, having her own crew and five of mv 
crew and two men from Eastport, twelve in all, on board, armed 
with muskets, and hailed us and told us to give up the vessel. I 
told the midshipman I would go below ; he asked me not to go ; said 
he would give up the vessel. The Diligence took possession of her, 
and the midshipman and his men went on board the barge. The 
Ruby was brought in. The crews of the three vessels, which were 
connected in Two Island harbor, were never collected on board of 
my vessel, she being the middle one, with muskets and fish spears ; 
nor was there any such show of resistance made, or any such col- 
lection of men on board of either vessel. When the vessels were 
retaken, there was not a gun fired till after they both were retaken, 
and then only by way of rejoicing. They gave out that they would 
have the Reindeer and Ruby if they had to burn Moose Island. I 
did not, therefore, think it prudent to trust her at sea again. The 
loss to the owner and crew will be five hundred dollars. 

And this is the testimony of Robert Rumery, one of the 
crew of the " Madison " : — 

I was a hand on board the Madison when she was going out and 
met the Diligence and Friend bringing in the crews of the Rein- 
deer and Ruby that had been captured. After learning the facts, 
we put about and ran into Lubec and anchored. Benjamin Small 
wanted us to go with them and help take the Reindeer and Ruby, 
as the Friend had got aground, and Captain Ansel Coggins, of tli^ 
Madison, agreed to go, and all the crew but one, and took on board 
seven or eight others ; there were not more than twelve or, at most, 
fifteen on board ; had a number of muskets, but no bayonets ; then 



482 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

went down upon the Reindeer; our skipper hailed them, and told 
them to heave to ; Jones told his men to prepare for action ; we 
hailed a second time, and Jones ordered the fore sheet cast off, 
and told Robert Small that he might take charge of his vessel and 
carry her to Eastport. Jones and his men went aboard the barge, 
having first come on board of us and drank some grog by invitation, 
and we went to Eastport. No guns were fired till after the Rein- 
deer was retaken and Jones had left us and gone on board of his 
barge, and then only by way of rejoicing. 

The matter seems to have been dropped here. 

Howard afterward entered the revenue cutter service, and 
by regular promotion became captain. In the War of the 
Rebellion, he held a prominent position in the auxiliary 
naval force known as the Marine Artillery ; and among the 
vessels under his command were the former Eastern steamers 
"Admiral" and "Eastern City," renamed "Guide" and 
" Cossack " after their purchase by the government. 



I 



CHAPTER XVIII. 

THE PASSAMAQUODDY TRIBE OF INDIANS.^ 

The Passamaquoddies, or, as they were sometimes called, 
the Openangos, were a branch of the Etchemin nation, and 
apparently of comparatively recent origin. The opinion is 
expressed in James Hannay's History of Acadia and by 
other authorities that the Etchemin or Marechite tribes of 
Indians did not originally occupy any portion of this section ; 
but, just before the arrival of the French discoverers at the 
beginning of the seventeenth century, they seem to have 
intruded themselves upon the territory of the less warlike 
Micmacs, who were driven back to the gulf and the penin- 
sula of Nova Scotia. The Passamaquoddies seem never to 
have been very numerous; in fact, there are more of them now 
than there ever were before. Captain John Gyles, who was 
captured at Pemaquid in 1689, and lived among the Indians 
on St. John River nine years, estimates the number of Passa- 
maquoddy males above sixteen years at that time as only 
thirty. In 1764, Sir Francis Bernard, who was probably 
well informed, also estimated these warriors at thirty; yet 
there must have subsequently been an increase, for in the 
Revolutionary War some forty or fifty actually bore arms on 
the Whig side. In the report on the Indian tribes made by 
Colonel John Allan, superintendent, in 1793, he says, "The 
Passamaquoddy tribe, which by marriages and other connec- 

* For the material of this sketch, the following works have been consulted : Han- 
nay's History of Acadia; Father Vetromile's History of the Abenakis; the papers of 
Colonel John Allan, compiled by Frederic Kidder; and an article on the Passama- 
maquoddy Indians by Lorenzo Sabine, in the C/iristiati Examiner for January, 1S52. 



484 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

tions have removed to different parts, does not exceed thirty- 
resident families." Sullivan estimates the number in 1804 at 
130. The census of 1820 gave them 379 men, v/omen, and 
children ; and I am informed that the best estimate which 
the present Indian agent is able to make puts the number 
at 526. 

Their earliest village in our vicinity was at Joe's Point, 
near St. Andrews, — Gunasquamecook. They undertook to 
prevent the English settlement at that place, and actually 
did seize some persons who attempted to survey the land 
there. After that, Indian Island — Mesiginagoske — was 
for a while their home. In the settlement of the disputed 
boundary line, both of these places falling in British terri- 
tory, it became necessary to give them a new location. In 
1794, the General Court of Massachusetts by resolve author- 
ized "Alexander Campbell, John Allan, and George Still- 
man to negotiate and settle any misunderstanding or differ- 
ence with the Passamaquoddy Indians and those of other 
tribes connected with them." These commissioners effected 
a treaty with the representative Indians of the tribe, confirm- 
ing their title to township No. 2, first range, containing twenty- 
three thousand acres, several islands in the St. Croix River, 
with fishing rights in the branches, giving the right of " sit- 
ting down " on fifty acres of land at the carrying place between 
the Bay of West Quoddy and the Bay of Fundy, also ten acres 
of land at Pleasant Point, — Sybaik, — where they fixed their 
abode. The Commonwealth purchased one hundred acres of 
John Frost, paying ;!^2oo therefor, and afterward conveyed 
the remaining ninety acres to their use. Later, a wood lot 
of two hundred acres, purchased of Theodore Lincoln, was 
added. This place was within the grant obtained by Sir 
Francis Bernard while governor of Massachusetts Bay ; and 
his son, afterward Sir John Bernard, lived there awhile a soli- 
tary life. 



THE PASSAMAQUODDY TRIBE OF INDIANS 485 

Captain John Gyles, in his early mention of the Passama- 
quoddy tribe, names Assaquoid as chief. Egeremet, whose 
name stands first in the treaty with Sir William Phipps, was 
of this tribe, though sometimes called Egeremet of Machias, 
In February, 1696, he was decoyed by Captain Chubb, the 
commander at Pemaquid, into the vicinity of the fort, and 
treacherously killed. His son, Egeremet the Younger, was 
a conspicuous actor in the war which resulted in the extinc- 
tion of the Norrigewocks. Francis Joseph Neptune, or Gov- 
ernor Francis, as he was called, who died at Pleasant Point 
in 1834, at the presumed age of ninety-nine years, must be 
remembered by persons now living. He was a man of con- 
siderable intellect and a kindly disposition. My father, who 
knew him well, always spoke of him in terms of friendship 
and respect; and a schooner built for him at Huston's ship- 
yard was named the " Governor Francis " for his Indian 
friend. Governor Francis's efforts for the American cause 
at the time of the Revolutionary War were considered of the 
highest value, and the friendliness of the Indians was held 
to be the means of saving the eastern settlements and of 
giving our nation the important point of possession when 
the war closed and treaty was to be made. There are docu- 
ments extant, including a letter from General Washington, 
which show the great value placed upon the alliance with 
the Indians. When the British naval expedition under Sir 
George Collier made their attack upon Machias on the 13th 
of August, 1777, Governor Francis, with his Indians, formed 
an important part of the force which repulsed them. His 
exploit in shooting the commander of one of the British 
boats at a very long range was considered quite remarkable, 
and the terrific war-yells of the tribe had a disheartening 
effect upon the invaders. In his later years, the sachem 
received a regular pension from the United States govern- 
ment. He bore upon his person the marks of a tussle with 



486 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

a bear, which nearly cost him his life. His daughters, Tellus 
Molly and Mrs. Sockbasin, are well remembered. His sou 
John Francis succeeded him; but soon a rival, Sabbatis Nep- 
tune, set up his claims, and the dispute of the succession, if 
it had not the magnitude of similar controversies in the great 
empires of history, did certainly make as much noise in pro- 
portion to the number of subjects, though their most warlike 
demonstrations did not go beyond the cutting down of a 
liberty pole. 

The Roman Catholic Church has always maintained its 
supervision of the tribe and been untiring in its efforts for 
the spiritual and moral welfare of the Indians. Soon after 
their first location at Pleasant Point, they were visited by 
Rev. John Cheverus, who afterward became Bishop of Bos- 
ton, and, some years later returning to his native France, 
was elevated to the dignity of archbishop and then made 
cardinal. He made several lengthy visits to the Passama- 
quoddies, and at the close of the last century inducted as 
his successor Rev. James B. Romagne, who remained until 
18 18. For some time after there was no resident priest, 
and Rev. Elijah Kellogg, pastor of the Congregational 
church at Perry, conducted a school at the Point gratuitously 
for six or seven years ; but since that time the educational 
as well as the religious instruction of the tribe has been 
cared for by the Catholic Church. 

In my own boyish recollections, the Indians added a most 
picturesque element to the life of our island town. Their 
head-quarters was at Hayden & Kilby's store, and their 
graceful canoes clustered on the beach, below what was once 
the town landing. Their dress was in decided contrast to 
that of the whites. The younger squaws wore tall black 
hats with broad silver bands, silver disks upon their bosoms, 
and below their short skirts leggins trimmed with beads and 
scarlet cloth. The older squaws wore peaked cloth caps. 



THE PASSAMAQUODDY TRIBE OF INDIANS 487 

The males often had a head-gear of fur, and all wore moc- 
casins. The amount of silver in possession of the tribe in 
bands and circular plates was considerable, — in prosperity 
worn upon their persons, and when hard up a convenient 
pledge on which to raise funds. 

One picture of home life, and a familiar one in many 
houses in Washington County, I shall never forget. When 
a storm or other cause prevented their return to Pleasant 
Point, they would unhesitatingly come to the house with the 
assurance that they were welcome to a night's entertainment; 
and, before going to bed myself, I have often looked in upon 
the scene. The cook-stove had not then come in ; and 
before the broad kitchen fireplace circling round, with feet 
to the fire and with chairs turned down to rest against, were 
sannups, squaws, and pappooses, sleeping as soundly as if 
under the shelter of their own wigwams. And before the 
family were astir in the morning the, whole party would go 
silently away, their entertainers not having the slightest fear 
that anything not their own would go with them. 

I cannot remember the old chief, if I ever saw him ; but 
two marked figures I do recall. One of these was Deacon 
Sockbasin. He could read and write, though his spelling, 
as shown in the sample in my possession, was rather imper- 
fect ; and he had been to Washington to see the President. 
He considered himself the greatest man in the tribe, and was 
continually trying to impress others with the idea of his dig- 
nity and importance. On special occasions, he wore a coat 
of startling style. Years ago, on one of my visits to Pleas- 
ant Point, looking over the fence of the little burial-ground 
I saw a rift of split cedar standing in place of a headstone, 
bearing in rude letters the inscription, — 

TIKN SOKEPSN. 

This was his last resting place. 



488 



EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 



The Other well-known person was that unctuous savage, 
Captain Jo Beetle. But this does not exactly describe him ; 
for taciturnity and stoicism are supposed to be characteris- 
tics of the savage, and Captain Jo showed neither. He was 
always witty and good-natured, though generally drunk ; was 
a favorite with men, women, and children ; and his spouse, 
Mrs. Sally Jo Beetle, was equally well known. 



INDIAN NAMES. 



The following list of Indian names for localities in the 
Passamaquoddy region is furnished by Peter E. Vose, Esq., 
of Dennysville : — 



He ma nock' wa nar'gum, 

Qua ga chusque', 

Wa qua ick', 

Qua nos com' cookj 

Me si gin' a goske, 

Ka baum' keag, 

Ma nah' nook, 

Wa bos' sa gock, 

Meddy bemp sock', 

Cat han isk', 

Su bee wan' ga mock, 

Nam da mas suag' um, 

Mak warn kusk', 

Nah sa ick', 

Posseps can' ga mook, 

Ne con au' ga mook, 



Pembroke Lake. 

Devil's (D'Orville's) Head. 

Oak Bay. 

St. Andrews, 

Indian Island. 

Lubec. 

Grand Manan. 

Liberty Point (Robbinston). 

Meddybemps. 

Dennys River. 

Hadley's Lake. 

Gardner's Lake. 

Red Beach. 

Boyden's Lake. 

Cathance Lake. 

Round Pond. 



From other sources are gathered the following : — 



Muttoneguis, 
Muttoneguamus, 

Sybaik or Seeboycook, 
Cheburn, 



r Doucett's or St. Croix Island 
-{ and a smaller island just below, 
[_ which has since disappeared. 

Pleasant Point. 

West Quoddy Head. 



THE PASSAMAQUODDY TRIBE OF INDIANS 



489 



Pewagon, 
Ebauhuit, 
Skedapsis, 



West Branch of Pennamaquan 

Campobello. 

The Friar (Stone Manikin). 



Besides the following well-known names : — 



Schoodic, 

Cobscook, 

Pennamaquan, 

Magurrewock, 

Chamcook, 

Magguadavic, 



River. 

Bay and River. 

River and Lake. 

Lakes. 

Hills. 

River. 




APPENDIX. 



Note A, Page 141. 

Original grantees of Moose Island by General Court of Massa- 
chusetts, after survey by Solomon Gushing in 1791 : — 

Names of grantees. 
James Cochran, 
Samuel Tuttle, 
John Shackford, 
Caleb Boynton, 
William Clark, 
John McGuire, 
Joseph Clark, 
Henry Bowen, 
Nathaniel Clark, 
AVilliam Goudy, 
William Crow, 
William Ricker, 
Reuben Ricker, 
Stephen Fountain, 
William Hammond, 
Paul Johnson, 
Caleb Boynton, Jr., 
William Clark, 
Moses Norwood, 
Richard Hall, 
Solomon Maybee, 
James Carter, 
Jacob Lincoln, 
Robert Bell, 

These foot up 2,040 acres, when there were only 1,910 in the 
island. Upper Bar or Carlow's Island, containing 68 acres, was 
granted to Rev. James Murphy in 1805; and the same year two 





Date 


of settlement 


-io. of lot. 


No. of acres. of 


grantee. 


I 


100 


[772 


2 


100 


1772 


3 


100 


^783 


4 


100 


[774 


5 


100 


[772 


6 


100 


[780 


7 


100 


[772 


8 


100 


f774 


9 


20 


r785 


ID 


100 ] 


783 


II 


100 ] 


772 


12 


100 ] 


774 


13 


100 


[774 


14 


78 


784 


15 


100 


^783 


16 


100 


[782 


17 


50 ] 


[784 


18 


100 : 


^783 


19 


63 


r785 


20 


25 


[790 


21 


74 


[78S 


22 


52 


[78S 


23 


78 


790 


24 


100 


[785 



APPENDIX 491 

small lots, reserved for public uses at Broad Cove, were granted 
to Dr. John L. B. Green. 

It is apparent that not much confidence can be placed in the 
dates of settlement given in the above list. Probably some of 
the grantees visited the island for fishing purposes several years 
before actual settlement. In the journal of Park Holland, who 
accompanied General Rufus Putnam in 1784 at the time of the 
first survey, it is stated: " There was at this time but one family 
living on the island by the name of Conklin. They had been here 
several years, but did not farm it very extensively. They had 
neither oxen or horses, and one of the sons told me he did not 
know whether a horse was a horned creature or not. They sowed 
corn and potatoes, and did their work with hoes ; for ploughs they 
never used, for the good reason they had no creature to draw 
them." 

It was shown in evidence before the Boundary Commission in 
1796 that courts of justice were established at Campobello under 
the laws of Nova Scotia in 1770, and, soon afterward, James 
Coffran or Cochran, of Moose Island, was appointed a deputy 
marshal or sheriff in connection therewith. It seems quite certain 
that this was the first permanent family on the island, and the 
name is preserved in Cochran's Head. 

Note B, Page 179. 
The follov/ing official report of the commander of the British 
forces concerning the capture of Moose Island is taken from the 
London Gentleman'' s Magazine for September, 1814 : — 

Downing Street, August 10. 
[Transmitted by Sir J. C. Sherbrooke.] 

Moose Island, PASSAMAi^roDDV Bay, July 12th. 
Sir: — Having sailed from Halifax on the 5th inst., accompanied by 
Lieut. Col. Nicholls of the Royal Engineers, and a detachment of ihe 
Royal Artillery under the command of Capt. Dunn, T have the honour 
to acquamt your Excellency, that we arrived at Shelburne, the place of 
rendezvous, on the evening of the 7th inst., where I found Cajit. Sir 
Thomas Hardy, in his Majesty's ship Ramilies, with two transports, 
having on board the 102 reg. under the command of Lieut. Col. Herries 
which had arrived the day before. I did not fail to lay before Sir 
Thomas Hardy my instructions, and to consult with him the best means 



492 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

of carrying them into execution. As we concurred in opinion, that the 
success of the enterjDrise with which we were entrusted would very ma- 
terially depend upon our reaching the point of attack previous to the 
enemy being apprised of our intentions, that officer with his accustomed 
alacrity and decision, directed the ships of war and transports to get 
under weigh early on the following morning ; and we yesterday, about 3 
o'clock P.M., anchored near to the town of Eastport. On our approach 
to this island, Lieut. Oates (your Excellency's Aid-de-camp, whom you 
had permitted to accompany me on this service) was detatched in a boat 
bearing a flag of truce, with a summons (which is transmitted) addressed 
to the officer commanding, requiring that Moose Island be surrendered 
to his Brittanic Majesty. This proposal was not accepted; in conse- 
quence of which, the troops which were already in the boats pulled off 
under the superintendence of Capt. Steahouse of the Royal Mary, whose 
arrangements were so judicious as to insure a successful issue ; but 
previous to reaching the shore, the colours of the enemy on Fort Sulli- 
van were hauled down. On our landing the capitulation was agreed to, 
of which the copy is enclosed. We found in the Fort a detachment of 
the 40th reg. of American infantry consisting of six officers, and about 
eighty men, under the command of Major Putnam, who surrendered 
themselves prisoners of war. This Fort is situated on an eminence 
commanding the entrance to the anchorage ; and within it is a block 
house, and also four 10 pounders, one iS pound carronade, and four 
field pieces. The extent of the island is about four miles in length, and 
two in breadth, and in great state of cultivation. The militia amount to 
about 250, and the population is calculated at 1500. We have also occu- 
pied Allen's and Frederick Islands, so that in this bay the whole of the 
islands are now subject to the British flag. It is very satisfactory to me 
to add that this service has been effected without any loss or casualty 
among the troops employed in it. To Capt. Sir Thomas Hardy, I con- 
sider myself under the greatest obligations; having experienced every 
possible cooperation, with an offer to disembark from his squadron any 
proportion of seamen and marines which I considered necessary. I beg 
to acknowledge my thanks to you in allowing your Aid-de-camp, Lieu- 
tenant Oates to accompany me upon this service. He has been of great 
assistance to me, and will have the honour of delivering this dispatch. 
He has also in his possession the colours and standard found in Fort 

Sullivan. I have &c. 

(Signed) A. Pilkington, 

Lieut. Col. Deputy Adj. Gen. 

[Here follow the summons above adverted to, with the articles of 
capitulation and return of ordnance and stores.] 



APPENDIX 



493 



Note C, Page 185. 

The Bucknam house, which stood near the shore below Shack- 
ford's Cove, abreast of Bucknam's Point and Bucknam's Ledge, 
was built in 1807 by Benjamin and Seward Bucknam, two enter- 
prising young merchants, whose stores were near at hand. It was 
a large, square, double house, with hipped roof, and of ample size 
for the accommodation of the families of both partners. When 
the war broke out, about one-third of the population of the place 
moved away, and among them these two families, who went to 
Portland. On the capture of the island, the British officers took 
possession of the best houses in town for their own quarters, 
and Sir Thomas Hardy selected the Bucknam house, which he 
occupied during his stay ; and, after his departure, it became the 
residence of Colonel Gubbins, the military commander, who had 
his wife and children with him, and maintained a large establish- 
ment. After the departure of the British, the owners returned 
and occupied it again. Afterward, it had other tenants, and was 
destroyed by lire in 1833. 

I must have been in the old mansion several times, but of only 
one visit do I retain a distinct recollection. It was then the 
residence of Rev. Thomas Beede, pastor of the Unitarian church. 
I remember the front yard, surrounded by palings ; and that on 
one of the terraces, which sloped toward the shore, stood a sun- 
dial, which is still in the possession of Mrs. Ellen Livermore, a 
daughter of the house. I retain boyish impressions of a spacious 
entrance hall and broad stairways within, with high-studded rooms, 
and inside wooden shutters to the tall windows. 

The impressions of that visit I have never lost; and, when I 
read of the old-time mansions of the shore towns of New England, 
this home presents itself as a representative of the class. Indeed, 
there seem to cluster about it the elements of deep dramatic 
interest; and I have often thought that here, waiting the touch 
of a master-hand, were all the materials of a most romantic story, 
such as might have engaged the pen of Hawthorne. The scene 
itself — the stately mansion, with its grounds sloping to the sea; 
the dark, treacherous ledge close at hand, round which the swift 
tide rushed and the whirling eddies boiled, where the Indian pad- 



494 EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 

died his light canoe and the sturdy fisherman bent at the oars 
of his deep-laden boat; the play of storm and calm, clear sunlight 
and thick mist, which was unrolled at its doors — would make a 
most perfect setting. And then the actors ! While the prosper- 
ous young merchants were fitting up their homes, the opportu- 
nities of the Embargo and Non-intercourse Acts were drawino: 
adventurers of all sorts to the island, and the harbor in front was 
the scene of many strange transactions. Then followed the war, 
and the builders fled with their families from the exposed frontier 
to places better protected. The conquerors came upon the scene ; 
and armed men in the scarlet livery of Britain guarded the 
doors, while their superiors, with clanking swords and heavy 
boots, tramped up and down the stairways, and the roof timbers 
resounded with their high revelry. Here, too, came suppliant 
committees of townspeople to ask relief from harsh military 
measures. Then it became an English home, with high-bred 
father and mother, rosy children, their gentle teacher, and trained 
servants. Then returned welcome peace, and the house's own 
children were gathered back again. When the mansion was built, 
it seemed as if this might become the court end of the town ; but 
the current set the other way, and by and by, when its own 
kindred had left, it went off in flame. Nor is there wanting a 
record of revenge, crime, and remorse — one of those true stories 
which are stranger than fiction — to give a tragic interest to the 
tale. Miss Evans, a refined young lady, lived in the commandant's 
family as companion to Mrs. Gubbins and governess to the chil- 
dren ; and she was brutally murdered by a soldier named Shay, a 
servant of the English chaplain who lived near by, because she 
had made complaint of some neglect of duty on his part. He was 
arrested and confined in the block-house on Fort Hill, confessed 
his crime and hung himself, and his remains were buried at the 
water's edge at Broad Cove. But neither earth nor sea could 
remain coijtent with the murderer and suicide beneath them ; and, 
sixty years later, the rejected bones were cast to the surface, and 
had to hi removed to another burial in less sensitive soil. 



APPENDIX 



495 



Note D, Census of 1790. 
The Machias Repiiblican of March 29, 1859, published the 
census of Washington County for 1790 as taken by James Avery, 
assistant to the marshal of Maine at that time. Machias was then 
the only incorporated town in the county. The census of the 
Passamaquoddy townships is copied here. The list contains, in 
the first column, "names of heads of families "; the second shows 
" the number of free white males of sixteen years and upwards, 
including heads of families"; the third, "the number of free 
white males under sixteen years of age " ; the fourth, " the num- 
ber of free white females, including heads of families '' : and the 
fifth, " the number of blacks " : — 



Township No. i {now Perry). 
James Chubbuck, 
Abiah Damons, 
John Frost, 
Samuel Frost, 
Alexander Hodge, 
William Kilby, 
Moses Lincoln, 
Jacob Lincoln, 
Peter Loring, 
William Morrison, 
Alexander Patterson, 
Daniel Swett, 
Nathaniel Stoddard, 
Samuel Tuttle, 
James Wood, 



-4 
I 



Total, 



18 16 32 



Township No. 2 {now Deniiysvillc 

and Pembroke). 
Robert Ash, 2 i 2 

Jas. and Abram Bridges, 331 
James Blackwood, 
Christopher Bender, 
John Bridges, 
Solomon Gushing, 
Laban Gushing, 
Widow Clark, 
Scipio Dutton,* 
Warren Gardner, 



Daniel Gardner, 
Zebulon Hersey, 
Thomas Henderson, 
Christopher Hatch, 
Isaiah Hersev, 
Clement Hackings, 
Richard Harper, 
Theodore Lincoln, 
Zenas Lincoln, 
Daniel Lea, 
Hatevil Leighton, 
Joshua Lincoln, 
Edmund Mahar, 
Andrew Morain, 
Nathan Preston, 
John Palmer, 
Richard Smith, 
Samuel Sprague, 
Betsey Stoddard, 
Joshua Wilson, 
William Wilson, 
Theophilus Wilder, 
Theophilus Wilder, Jr 

Total, 



I 




4 


I 


2 


5 


I 






I 


2 


3 





I 


5 


I 




I 







I 


3 


I 


I 


I 






I 





2 


2 


2 


S 


1 

I 


3 


4 


I 






I 
I 


2 


3 
I 


I 


I 


4 


I 


4 


I 


I 


- 


I 
3 


I 


I 


n 


I 


I 


4 



41 30 67 6 



Township No. 4 {noza Robbinston). 
Jacob Boyden, 1 

William Bugbee, i 3 2 

John Brewer, 2 3 

Widow Faussett, i 3 



*This colored man, Scipio Dutton, was drowned near his home on an arm of East 
Bay, which since that time has been known as Sip's Bay. 



496 



EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 



John Johnson, i i i 

Samuel Jones, 124 

Job Johnson, i i i 

Samuel Leshure, 123 

Donald McDonald, 225 

Joseph Porter, 5 i 

Daniel Somes, 112 

Total, 16 13 25 

Township No. 5 {now Calais). 



John Berry, 


I 


I 


3 


John Bohannon, 





3 


3 


Nathaniel Basley and 








Son, 


2 


2 


3 


James Dyer, — 


I 


I 


2 


Jones Dver, v. 


3 


2 


3 


Daniel Hill, 


•-> 



I 


'1 


William Jackson, 


I 


2 


I 


James Lane, 


I 


3 


I 


John Noble, 


I 


2 





Thomas Pettygrove, 


4 


2 


5 


John Ryan and Robert 








Connor, 


2 






James Sprague, 


I 


5 





Abiel Sprague, 


I 


2 


3 


Eli Sprague, 


I 




2 



Total, . 



26 34 



Township No. 8 (;/(?z<:; Lttbec and 

Eastport). 
John Allan, 
Andrew Bowman, 
Perez Burr, 
William Bell, 
Henry Bowen, 
Caleb Boynton, 
Thomas Beaman, 
Caleb Boynton, Jr., 
William Clark, 
James Cochran, 
William Clark, 
Joseph Clark, 
Nathaniel Clark, 
John Carl, 
James Carter, 
Henry Clark, 
Edward Coombs, 
Lewis F. Delesdernier, 
Gideon Delesdernier, 
Nathaniel Denbow, 



3 


4 


4 


I 


2 


4 


I 






I 


I 


2 


2 


2 










4 


^7 


I 


I 


I 


I 


^ 









4 


I 


2 


5 







I 


4 


2 


I 


5 


2 


I 


I 


I 


4 


I 


I 




I 


I 




2 


I 


I 


3 


I 


2 


--> 


I 




I 





I 


6 



Thomas Dexter, 
John Durney, 
John Foster, 
Widow Flagp, 
Stephen Fountain, 
Jacob Gove, 
Nathaniel Goddard, 
William Goudy, 
Samuel Huckings, 
Richard Hall, 
Alexander Hacket, 
William Hammon, 
James Johnson, 
Thomas Jenkins, 
Paul Johnson, 
John Kent, 
James Kelly, 
John Kent, 
Henry Longmaid, 
John McGregor, 
Elias Maybee, 
Solomon Maybee, 
Morgan Owen, 
Dominicus Rumerr, 
William Rumery, 
William Ramsdell, 
Benjamin Reynold?, 
James Ramsdell, 
Ebenezer Ramsdell, 
Isaac Ramsdell, 
William Ricker, 
William Simpson, 
John Shackford, 
John Simpson, 

Total, 



75 60 109 



Township No. 9 {now Trescott). 

John Cook, i 2 

Samuel Reynolds, 122 

Doctor Edwards, i i i 

Samuel Laton, 143 

John Carew, i 2 

William Holland, 2 i 

Richard Jordan, i 2 

Total, 9 7 13 

Township No. 10 {now Edmunds). 

Elijah Ayer, i 2 

Samuel Ash, i 2 







APPENDIX 




497 


Elijah Ayer, Jr., 


I 


I 5 


Tcnvnship No. 12 (wf7t 


Whiting). 


Hawes Platch, 


I 




Davis Bryant, 


--> 


I r 


William Hurley, 


I 


3 


John Crane, 


3 


I 4 


Nathaniel Hobart, 


o 




John Dowling, 


I 


2 4 


James Nale, 
Widow Oliver, 


I 


2 


Thomas Harvev, 


I 


I I 


I 


2 3 


Jabez Huntley, Jr., 
Sarah Howe, 


I 


O '^ 

-» 


Daniel Smith, 


^ 


I 3 


Hezekiah Nickerson, 


I 


1 -v 


Benjamin Shaw, 


2 


I 3 


George Peek, 


I 


I 3 


James Shaw, 


I 




Lemuel Trescott, 


1 





Total, 



'4 5 



Total, 



II 



Note E, Page 229. 

To Mr. He/iry IVade, Sergeant of the Eastport Covipany of 
Militia : 

You are hereby ordered to notify and warn the train band of 
militia in this town from eighteen years old to forty-five to appear 
on parade at a place called Reynold's Point on Seward's Neck on 
Saturday, the thirtieth day of this month, at nine o'clock in the 
forenoon, armed and equipped according to law of military duty 
and discipline. Thereof fail not to make due return of this war- 
rant, with your doings thereon, to the clerk of this company on 
or before the said thirtieth day of August. 

Given under my hand and seal at Eastport this sixteenth day of 
August, one thousand eight hundred. 

Oliver Shead, 
Captain of the Eastport Militia. 



Eastport, August 28, iSoo. 
By virtue of the above warrant, I have notified and warned the 
under-mentioned persons to appear on parade, armed and equipped 
as the law directs, and at the time as there specified. 

Henry Wade, Sergt. 

John Kendall. 
David Parsons. 
John Tumblesome. 
Thomas Johnson. 
Paul Johnson. 
Solomon Maybee. 



Edward Clark. 
Moses Norwood. 
James Carter. 
Nathaniel Clark, Jr. 
Daniel Holmes. 
Josiah Eaton. 



498 



EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 






Robert Harrington. 
Andrew Harrington, Jr. 
Edward Coombs. 
Thomas Burnham. 
Benjamin Ball. 
Aaron Hayden. 
John- Young. 
David Gilmore. 
Joseph Livermore. 
Laban Stoddard. 
Jeremiah Burgin. 
Samuel Tuttle, Jr. 
Richard Sandburn. 
Robert Huckens. 
Dominicus Rumery. 
Mark Allan. 
Horatio Gates Allan. 
William Rumery. 
Mathias Nutter. 
Wentworth Henison. 
William Bowen. 
John Lizenby. 



Elias Maybee. 
Stephen Fountain. 
John Nordstrum. 
William Egan. 
Patrick Egan. 
John Morton. 
Samuel Leighton, Jr. 
John Leighton. 
Samuel Greenough. 
Francis Brown. 
John Shackford, Jr. 
James Cochran. 
Robert Cochran. 
Solomon Gushing. 
Noah Johnson. 
Jacob Gove. 
James Ramsdell. 
William Ramsdell. 
Daniel Ramsdell. 
John Monholland. 
Nat Denbow. 



Note F, Page 239. 

Mr. Delesdernier was the pioneer collector of customs and 
postmaster of this region. The collectors of the district of Passa- 
maquoddy have been : — 



Lewis F. Delesdernier. 
Lemuel Trescott. 
Stephen Thacher. 
Leonard Jarvis. 
James W. Ripley. 
Samuel A. Morse. 
Sullivan S. Rawson. 
Joseph C. Noyes. 
Anson G. Chandler. 



Bion Bradbury. 
Daniel Kilby. 
Robert Burns. 
Washington Long. 
Charles R. Whidden. 
Noel B. Nutt. 
Willis Haycock. 
Samuel D. Leavitt. 



APPENDIX 



499 



Mr. Delesdernier was also postmaster of Passamaquoddy, with 
his office at Flagg's Point in Lubec Narrows. The postmasters 
of Eastport have been : — 



Oliver Shead. 
John Burgin. 
James Curtiss. 
Loring F. Wheeler. 
Oliver Shead.* 
Daniel I. Odell. 



Winslow Bates. 
Warren Hathevvay. 
Charles C. Norton. 
George W. Norton. 
Frank McGraw. 



Note G. 

On page 260, the formation of the Eastport Female Benevolent 
Society is noticed. From a small pamphlet published by Benjamin 
Folsom in 1822, the following list of original members and the 
first board of officers is copied: — 

Mrs. Aaron Hayden, First Directress. 
Mrs. William Shackford, Second Directress. 
Mrs. Samuel Wheeler, Treasurer. 
Miss Hannah C. Hayden, Collector. 
Miss Sally L. Wheeler, Secretary. 

MANAGERS. 

Mrs. Thomas Johnson. Mrs. William Clark. 

Mrs. Robert Mowe. Mrs. John Clark. 

Mrs. Benjamin King. Mrs. Silas Thayer. 

Mrs. John Webster. Miss Margaret Wortman. 

Mrs. Micajah Hawks. Miss Deborah Crosbj'. 





SUBSCRIBERS. 


Miss 


Mary Allen. 


Mrs. John Burgin. 


Mrs. 


Philip Bell. 


Mrs. Jerry Burgin. 


Mrs. 


Thomas Burnham. 


Miss Eliza A. Burgin. 


Mrs. 


Jonathan Bartlett. 


Mrs. Samuel Buck. 


Mrs. 


Edward Baker. 


Mrs. John Bowman. 


Mrs. 


Anthony Brooks. 


Miss Rachel Bowman. 


Mrs. 


John Clark. 


Miss Deborah Crosbv. 


Mrs. 


William Clark. 


Mrs. Elizabeth Coombs. 


Mrs. 


Joseph Coney. 


Mrs. Elizabeth Davidson 


Mrs. 


William Delesdernier. 


Mrs. Hiram Earl. 



' Son of the first postmaster of same name. 



500 



EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 



Mrs. Benjamin Folsom. 
Mrs. Jesse Gleason. 
Mrs. Aaron Hayden. 
Miss Hannah Hayden. 
Miss Sarah Harrod. 
Mrs. Arthur Howard. 
Mrs. Stephen Jones. 
Mrs. Benjamin King. 
Miss Sarah Lynde. 
Mrs. John Millikin. 
Mrs. McCarter. 
Mrs. Darius Ohnstead. 
Mrs. Robert Parker. 
Mrs. Thomas Parker. 
Mrs. Jacob Shackford. 
Mrs. John Shackford. 
Mrs. William Shackford. 
Mrs. Robert Tetherly. 
Mrs. John Webster. 
Mrs. Jonathan Weston. 
Mrs. Edward Williams. 
Miss Margaret Wortman. 



Mrs. Ezekiel Foster. 
Mrs. Jonas Gleason. 
Mrs. George Hobbs. 
Mrs. Isaac Hobbs. 
Mrs. Nathan Higgens. 
Mrs. Thomas Johnson. 
Mrs. Daniel Kilby. 
Mrs. Daniel Low. 
Mrs. William Maybee. 
Mrs. Robert Mowe. 
Miss Ann O. Nelson. 
Mrs. Ethel Olmstead. 
Mrs. Leonard Pierce. 
Mrs. Ebenezer Starboard. 
Mrs. Abel Stevens. 
Mrs. Samuel Stevens. 
Mrs. Silas Thayer. 
Mrs. John Todd. 
Mrs. Samuel Wheeler. 
Miss Sally L. Wheeler. 
Mrs. Ezra Whitney. 
Mrs. Jerry Young. 



APPENDIX ;oi 



Minor Notes and Corrections. 

Page 223, first line. Mr. Vose, of Dennysville, in a note to the 
Bangor Historical Magazine^ corrects this statement. The trees 
were cut near the same lake by his grandfather, Thomas \'ose, but 
on the territory of Plantation No. 5, now the city of Calais. 

Page 269. Seventh line from the top read 1789 for 1739. 

Page 273. Favor's bookstore is mentioned on this page. In 
the compiler's possession is a relic of this establishment, — a little 
book of 95 pages, 7.% by 4^ inches, with this title-page : — 

A Conference Meeting 

Hymn Book 

" Let us sing unto the Lord " 

Eastport 

Published by Hiram S. Favor 

1832. 

Copyrighted by publisher. John Bent, Printer 

The collection is composed of both standard and "pennyroyal" 
hymns. 

Page 322. The Brewer house, Robbinston, is still standing, 
though moved from the original site. 

Page 327. The name of the town of Edmunds is incorrectly 
spelled in the note at foot of this page and also under the picture 
on page 333, and on pages 472, 473. It was so called from 
Edmund Hobart, the ancestor of the original proprietors. He 
came from Hingham, Eng., and settled at Hingham, Mass., in 
1635, and was a deputy in the General Court. 

Page 335. The Kilby house here represented is still standing 
on the Edmunds side of tlie river, where it was moved many years 
ago, and the Congregational parsonage occupies the original site. 

Page 398. Lieutenant-colonel VV. H. McMahon, of the Twenty- 
seventh New York Infantry, was son of Rev. Isaiah McMahon, 
first pastor of the Methodist Episcopal Church. 

Page 415. Dr. Robert T. Edes was son of Rev. Richard S. 
Edes, former pastor of the Unitarian church. The son graduated 
at Harvard College, and before his removal to Washington was 
one of the professors in the medical department of the unt%'ersity. 



LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 



Abbot, G. E., Groton, Mass. 
Abbot, Miss L. M. B., Groton, Mass. 
Abbot, Miss S. B., Groton, Mass. 
Alexander, F. W., Richmond. 
Alexander, W. F., Eastport. 
Allan, George W. , Boston. 
Allan, I. Hobart, Edmunds. 
Allan, J. D., Dennysville. 
Allan, N. S., 
Allan, T.W., " 

Anderson, Joseph, Eastport. 
Andrews, Henry P., Hudson, Mass. 
Appleby, Henry O., Searsport. 
Avery, C. E., Boston. 

Baker, Henry R., Revere, Mass. 
Balkan), S. B., Hyde Park, Mass., 4 copies. 
Balkam, S. D., Jamaica Plain, Mass. 
Bangor Public Library, Bangor. 
Bartlett, Brewer, Glendale, Ohio. 
Beaman, N. P., Bo-ton. 
Bibber, A. H., Eastport. 
Bibber, Miss Augusta M., Eastport. 
Bibber, C. W., 

Bibber, Eleazar G., " 

Bibber, Thomas M., " 

Bishop, En< ch, " 

Bishop, Harvev J., " 

Bishop, John H., 
Bishop, William F., " 

Blanchard, Ambrose, " 

Blanchard, Hiram, " 

Boardman, George A., Calais. 
Bowman, Edward R., Eastport. 
Bradford, Alden, ' 2 copies. 

Bradford, Andrew V. B., " 
Bradford, W. T., 

Bradish, Martm, " 2 copies. 

Bradish, Walter F., 
Bradlee, Mrs. N. J., Roxbury, Mass. 
Brewer, George J., Washington. 
Brewer, John S., Chicago. 
Brooks, Charles D., Dedham, Mass. 
Brooks, I. Hobart, Roxbury, Mass. 
Brooks, W^illiam M., Roxbury, Mass. 
Brown, Mrs. Calvin S., Washington. 
Brown, Jethro, Middleboro, Mass. 
Brown. L. P., Middleboro, Mass. 
Buck, Fisher A., Eastport. 
Buck, George N., San Francisco. 
Bucknam, Edward H., Sioux City, Iowa, 2 
copies. 



Bucknam, Mr-. Esther E., Ligonier, Ind. 
Bucknam, Samuel, Grinnell, Iowa, 2 copies. 
Bucknam, Joseph S., Eastport. 
Bucknam, William P., Eastport. 
Burgin, Edward S., Des Moines. Iowa. 
Bussell, David A , Chelmsford, Mass. 
Buxton, Charles M., Eastport. 
Byram, Samuel R., Eastport. 

Calder, Mrs. H. P., Santa Barbara, Cai. 
( alhoun, Mrs. R. I., Eastport. 
Camplain, James A., " 
Campbell, Samuel, " 

Capen, Charles C, Kalamazoo, Mich. 
Capen, Edward, Eastport. 
Capen, George W., Eastport. 
Capen, William E., Red Bank, N J. 
Catlin, Rev. H. D., Eastport. 
Chadbourne, A. S., Vinton, Iowa. 
Chadbourne, Thos. L., Houghton, Mich. 
Chandler, Horace P., Boston. 
Christopher, George W., Eastport. 
Claridge, James R., Baltimore. 
Claridge, William H., Baltimore. 
Clark, Mrs. Addie S., St. Paul. 
Clark, Albert W., Eastpurt. 
Clark, Lafayette, " 

■Clark, R. B., 
Coffin. J. N., 
Coggins, S. H., Portland. 
Colwell, William H., Eastport. 
Conrad, Prof. V. L., Philadelphia. 
Coolidge, Joseph A., San Francisco. 
Corning, Capt. C. V., Eastport. 
Coulson, Capt. W. C, U.S. R. Marine, 

Philadelphia. 
CoyJe, John B., Portland. 
Crane, Mrs. Mary P., Port Carbon, Pa. 
Cummings, C. H., Eastport. 
Curry, Cadwallader, Boston. 

Dana, John J., Perry, Iowa. 

Dana, William D., Washington. 

Damrell, Charles L., Boston. 

Davis, Miss Abbie M., Eastport. 

Davis, John W. , Eastport. 

Dennysville and Edmunds Social Library, 

Dennysville 
Dewey, Henry P., Portland. 
Dinzey, Fred. V., Lewiston. 
Drummord, Hon. Josiah H., Portland. 
Durney, James, Eastport 



i 



LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS 



503 



Dyer, Charles H., Ea?tport. 
Dyer, George B., Boston, 2 copies. 

Eastman, George, Boston. 
Eastport Pabiic Library, Eastport. 
Edes, Dr. Robert T., VVashington. 
Eldridge, Charles T. , Washington. 
Eldridge, William H., New Orleans. 
Eschweiler, F. C, Milwaukee. 

Fabens, Mrs. Charles E., Salem, Mass. 

Fanning, Jed F., Lubec. 

Ferris, C. F., Eastport. 

Flagg, C. C, Campobello, N.B. 

Flagg, James A., Boston. 

Flye, William, Toot-ham. 

Folsom, James, Woburn, Mass., 3 copies. 

French, Andrew W., Philadelphia. 

French, E. Webster, South-west Harbor, 

Mount Desert. 
Frost, Simeon N., Eastport. 
Frothingham, Rev. Frederick, Miltcn, 

Mass., 3 copies. 

Galvin, Rev. E. I., Chicago. 
Gardner, B. A., Eastpon. 
Gardner, Dr. E. F., U.S. Army. 
Gaskill, Eben A., Grand Matian, N.B. 
Gay, S. .S., Roxbury. Mass. 
Gibson, Andrew J., Boston. 
Gillespie, F. A., Eastport. 
Gilligan, Edward J., Eastport. 
Gilson, Mrs. Maria, Portland. 
Gleason, Frank D., Boston. 
Gleason, Jonas A., Camden. 
Gleason, William C., Dedham, Mass. 
Goold, Franklin, Eastport. 
Grady, John C, Philadelphia. 
Granger, Mrs. D. T., New York City. 
Granger, Frank D., Washington. 
Granger, Reed B., New York City. 
Green, Robert C, Eastport. 
Greenlaw, Mrs. Seretha, Eastport. 

Hale, Hon. Eugene, US. Senate, Ellsworth. 

Hall, Moses S., Fredcricton, N.B. 

Hall, Thomas H., St. John, N.B. 

Harrington, Andrew, Eastport. 

Harrington, George E., East Boston. 

Harrington, J. C, " " 

Harrington, Sidney, Boston. 

Harrington, William S , East Boston. 

Harris, Benjamin, Eastport. 

Harris, Dr. £. N., Boston. 

Harris, Mrs. Mary A., Cambridge, Mass. 

Harris, Robert M., Melrose, Mass. 

Haskell, Charles A., Portland. 

Haskell, Samuel Stevens, St. Paul. 

Hatheway, H. J., Houkon. 

Hayden, Aaron, Suuih Robbinston. 

Hayden, Charles B., Baltimore. 

Hayes, George H., Eastport. 

Henry, J. B., Boston. 

Higgins, John, Eastport. 

Higgins, William P., Oconto, Wis., 2 copies. 



Hilyard, Capt. Charles, Eastport. 

Hinkley, Jolin W., Eastport, 2 copies. 

Hobari, Albert, Maitland, N.S. 

Hobart, C. C, Edmunds. 

Hobart, E. E., Milford, Mass. 

Hobbs, Miss A. M., Kendall Green, Mass. 

Howard, Rev. Thos. D., Charlestown, N.H. 

Holmes, E. A., Eastport. 

Holmes, Fred. A., " 

Holmes, M. C, 

Hughes, Rev. A. J., " 

Hume, Mrs. Caroline E., Eastport, 2 copies. 

Hume, Harrison, Boston. 

Hume, Seward L., St. Paul. 

Hume, William S., Eastport. 

Huston, Miss Hannah S., Eastport. 

Huston, William M., Boston. 

Ilsley, Charles F., Milwaukee, 2 copies. 
Ilsley, John P., Germantown, Pa., 2 copies. 

Jackson, Charles, Eastport. 

Jackson, M. A., Eastport. 

Jordan, Mrs. Marcia Bradbury, Portland. 

Kane, P. M., Eastport. 

Kelley, A. H., East Boston. 

Kent, O. A., Grand Manan, N.B. 

Ker, William, Calais. 

Kiiby, Aldcn, Newton, Mass. 

Kilby, B. F., Eastport. 

Kilby, Charles H., Dennysville. 

Kilby, Daniel, Eastport. 

Kilby, Dr. Henry S., North AttlebDro, Mass. 

Kilby, Herbert, Eastport. 

Kilby, Quincy, Boston, 2 copies. 

Kimball, Helen L. McL. , Librarian Treasury 

Department, Washington. 
Knight, John H., Portland. 
Knox, Col. E. B., Chicago. 

Lamprey, John P., Kensington, N.H. 

Lapham, W. B., Augusta. 

Leach, Miss Jane H., Perry. 

Leavitt, George W., Boston. 

Leavitt, S. D., Eastport, 3 copies. 

Leighton, J. B., Eastport. 

Leland, William S., Boston. 

Libby, Mrs. Charles F., Portland. 

Limond, Dr. R., Campobello, N.B. 

Lincoln, Dr. A. R., Dennysville. 

Lincoln, Benjamin, " 

Lincoln, Edmund, . " 

Lincoln, H. F., 

Lincoln, Joseph W., New York City. 

Lincoln, W. S., St Louis, 2 copies. 

Little, George, Edmunds. 

Littelield, (Jcorge K., Boston, 10 copies. 

L'vermore, E. E., Eastport. 

Livermore, O. S., Livermore, Cal. 

Lord, Wallace, Eastport. 

Loring, Davis T., Eastport. 

Loring, George B., Portland. 

Lowe, John A., Eastport. 

Lowell, Mrs. A. H., Ro.xbury, Mass. 



504 



EASTPORT AND PASSAMAQUODDY 



Lowell, Robert M., Boston, 2 copies. 
Lowell, W. L., Roxbury, Alass. 
Lynch, Hon. John, Washington. 
Lyon, Mrs. Emory, Providence. 

Mabee, Mrs. Ann, Eastport. 
Maine State Library, Augusta. 
Manson, A. S., Boston. 

Manufacturers' and Mechanics' Library As- 
sociation, Lewiston. 
Marston, Nathan W., Lubec. 
]Martin, Charles, Eastport. 
Martin, E. S., Eastport. 
Martin, Miss Kate, Eastport. 
Mayberry, Mrs. Amanda L., Boston. 
McCullough, Daniel, Eastport. 
McGraw, Frank, " 2 copies. 

McGregor, Edward S., " 
McGregor, Miss Emma A., Eastport. 
McGregor, James, Lubec. 
McGregor, John B., Eastport. 
McLarren, I. G., Eastport. 
McLarren, R. S., Boston. 
McLarren, William H., Eastport. [N.B. 

McLaughlin, D L Wood, Grand Manan, 
McLaughlin, W. B., Grand Manan, N.B. 
McLelian, G. F., Los Angelts, Gal. 
MclNIahon, Oscar E., Eastport. 
Menard, Samuel J., Boston. 
Meredith, Joseph H., St. Stephens, N.B. 
Merrill, Mrs. Elias, Bangor. 
Merrill, Mrs. G. W , Bangor. 
Michener, E. C., Minneapolis. 
Mildon, W. S., Eastport, 2 copies. 
Milliken, F. S., Eastport. 
IMitchell, Charles M., Eastport. 
Morris, Mrs. M. L., Auburndale, Mass. 
Morton, Francis F., Boston. 
Moses, Rev. T. G., Franklin, N.H. 
Mulneaux, James,. Eastport. 

Nelson, C. Alexander, Brooklyn. 
Nelson, Miss Martha F., Trenton, N.J. 
Newcomb, E. E., Eastport. 
Newconib, Harry C., " 
Newcomb, L. H., " 

Newton, Isaac, Grand Manan, N.B. 
New York State Library, Albany. 
Norton, F. O., New York C ity. 
Norton, John, " '' " 
Norton, Thomas, New York City 
Norwo<'d, John K., Lawrence, 2 copies. 
Noyes, Mrs. Helen A., Eastport. 
Noyes, Charles H., Chicago. 
Nuyes, Edward A., Portland. 
Noyes, Joseph C. , New York City. 
Noyes, Nathaniel, East Sullivan. 
Nutt, N. B., Eastport. 
Nutt, N. B., Jr., Clyde, Kan. 

Odell, D. L, Needham, Mass., 2 copies. 
Odell.J. J. P., Chicago. 
O'Donnell, E. E., Lubec. 
O'Grady, George, Eastport. 
Osborn, Rev. J. W., Swansea, Mass. 



Paine, Frank S., Eastport. 

Paine, George H., " 

Paine, Mrs. M. S., " 

Parsons, Mary E., " 

Pattangall, Mrs. F. M., Washington. 

Patterson, George A., Holyoke, Mass., 2 
copies. 

Patterson, Dr. R. B., Eastport. 

Pearce, John S., Worcester, Mass. 

Peavey, Charles T. , Minneapolis. 

Peavey, Frank H., Minneapolis, 3 copies. 

Peavey, James F., Sioux Citv, Iowa. 

Perkins, D. P., Portland. 

Peters, Chief Justice Jno. A., Bangor. 

Pettingill, Mrs. Lavinia B., Eastport. 

Pike, £. C, Brookline, Mass., 5 copies. 

Pike, Huinphrey, Central Park, Long Island. 

Pike, Jabez T. , Sacramento, 2 copies. 

Pike, John J., Eastport. 

Pike, Capt. Simon H., Lubec. 

Pilsbury, Charles A., Belfast. 

Pine, L. W., Eastport. 

Porter, Alexander S., Boston, 5 copies. 

Portland Institute and Public Library, Port- 
land. 

Prescott, Moses B., Eastport. 

Purvis, Mrs. A. M., Washington. 

Quoddy, The, Eastport. 

Rathbun, Mrs. Richard, Washington. 

Reynolds, H. J., Eastport, 2 copies. 

Reynolds, Mrs. L. T., Pembroke. 

Rice, Charles H., Bucksport. 

Rich, Rev. A. Judson, Fall River, Mass. 

Ring, E. L., Lubec. 

Roach, John, P2astport. 

Robertson, J. W., Eastport. 

Rockwell, .Mrs. W. H., New York City. 

Roop, Joseph L., Eastport. 

Rumery, Ezra W., " 

Rumery, Jesse H., " 

Russell, Edward, Boston. 

Sabine, Mrs. Lorenzo, Roxbury, Mass. 
Saunders, George W., Lubec. 
Savage, John B., Round Rock, Tex. 
Scott, Capt. P. A., Royal Navy, Halifax, 

N.S. 
Sentinel Office, Eastport. 
Shackford, E. L , St. Paul. 
Shackford, E. W., East Weymouth, Mass. 
Shackford, Capt. E. Wallace, Harrington. 
Shackford, Capt. John W., Philadelphia. 
Shackford, Samuel, Chicago. 
Shackford, Capt. WiUiam, New York City, 

3 copies. 
Shea, William A., Eastport, 2 copies. 
Shead, Jesse G., " 

Shead, Loring W., North Grosvenordale, 

Conn. 
Shead, Mrs. Oliver, Eastport. 
Sheahan, John, Dennysville. 
Sheahan, Dr. John P., Dennysville. 
Sherlock, Stephen, Eastport. 



LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS 



505 



Shiels, James, Eastport. 

Simpson, John C, New York City, 3 copies. 

Skinner, George E., Boston. 

Small, Dr. E. RI., Eastport. 

Small, Louis C, New York City. 

Smith, Gen. C. H., U.S.A., San Antonio, 

Tex., 2 copies. 
Smith, Golden H., Deer Island, N.B. 
Smith, J. B., Eastport. 
Smith, J. Snowdon, Boston. 
Smith, Mrs. S. S., Carrollton, Mich. 
Spates, John W., Eastport. 
Spates, William T., " 
Spear, Mrs. Robert, " 
Spear, Robert, Jr., " 
Sprague, Fremont J., Charlotte. 
Stanchlieid, Ezra, Shueyville, Iowa. 
Stevens, Joseph C., Boston, 5 copies. 
Stevens, Simon, Eastport. 
Sturgis, Dr. Russell, Boston. 
Sumner, A. B., Lubec. 
Swett, J. A., Ferndale, Cal. 
Swett, J. M., Eastport. 

Talbot, Mrs. Mary L., Brookline, Mass. 

Talbot, Mrs. S. G., San Francisco, 8 copies. 

Thacher, Peter, Boston. 

Thompson, Fred. W., Portland. 

Thompson, Capt. John, " 

Tillinghast, C. B., Massachusetts State Li- 
brary', Boston, 2 copies. 

Tilton, John, Ottawa, Canada. 

Tomkins, Mrs. Maria E., Hillsboro, N.B., 
2 copies. 

Tuck, Mrs. Sarah F., St. John, N.B. 



Tukey, Mrs. A. P., Omaha. 
Tuttle. C. L., Chelsea, Mass. 
Tuttle, R. M., Eastport. 
Trecartin, Fred. E., Lubec. 

Varian, C. S., Salt Lake City, Utah. 
Vinton, Frederic, Princeton,' N.J. 
Vose, E. Howard, Calais. 
Vose, Peter E., Dennysville. 

Wadsworth, Frank T., Eastport. 

Wadsworth, Mrs. Herbert, Chicago. 

Wadsworth, S. L., Eastport. 

Ware, M. Everett, Boston, 2 copies. 

Warren, Winslow, " 

Washburn, Louis DeW., Minneapolis. 

Wells, Samuel, Boston, 2 copies. 

Wentworth, A. L., Robbinston. 

Whalen, L. M., Eastport. 

Wheeler, E. S., Niagara Falls, N.Y. 

Whelpley, Henry, Eastport. 

Whittemore, G. D., Boston. 

Whittemore, Thomas, " 

Whittier, Rev. Charles, Dennysville. 

Wilder, B. F., Boston. 

Wilder, Rev. T. G., Tilton, N.H. 

Williams, Mrs. F., Cambridge. 

Williams, Mrs. Julia F. , Santa Barbara, 

Cal. 
Winslow, Capt. J. S., Portland. 
Winter, R. R., East Oakland, Cal. 
Witherell, Samuel, Eastport. 
Wood, Lieut. O. E., U.S.A., Fort Munroe. 
Wood, Mrs. William, Eastport. 
Woodman, J. H., Salt Lake City. 



, ■) 



B^ 



136, 



< 



\ 






o 







^""^^ 



1 '0- ^ , 

A J. 






A 



^4.^ ^o-o ^^ 



^* aV "^ 










*0 



''^4 






-t V ^ O M O . VJ ^ 






v- ^\:aj:^ <^ aO^ 

6y *$»■. o 






O n^ - V * 



























^^ 



'* ^^ '^ •©lis* <? "^ oVj§AF* Ay ^ 








. ^^ -^. 














1 > «<i «i 






& c°V* " 








■^^. 








0' 








^ ^/^ '^ 



